• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1495-1498
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• 2009

Type 2-diabetes is a typical polygenic disease complex, for which several common risk alleles have been identified. Adiponectin, which modulates insulin resistance as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, has recently been associated with type 2-diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, we investigated the genotype for the T45G and G267T polymorphisms in adiponectin genes in the Korean population and compared genotypes of patients with those of a control group. 100 patients (63 male, 37 female), who previously underwent T2DM and 100 controls (36 male, 63 female) participated in this study. There was a strong association between T45G polymorphism in the adiponectin gene and T2DM. The present study shows that adiponectin T45G polymorphism may be associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies with a larger population may be needed for the development of diagnostic methods at genetic levels such as DNA chip.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal plants in East Asia. Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are used in obtaining genetic analysis and authentication in many plants. The present study examined five microsatellites in conjunction with P. ginseng in Korea. The total observed allelic number was 17 (mean = 3.4), and gene diversities varied from 0.078 to 0.543 with an average of 0.314. Through a combined analysis of five loci in 100 ginseng samples, 44 different combined genotypes were observed. Expected and observed heterozygosites ranged from 0.077 to 0.541 (mean = 0.313) and 0.040 to 0.130 (0.083), respectively. All examined loci exhibited deficiency of heterozygosity and deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Such results may be explained by the non-random mating and inbreeding that has occurred for several hundred years. These microsatellite markers could be used for the study of molecular genetics and the establishment of DNA marker database, as well as authentication of ginseng species and chromosomal mapping of QTL loci in P. ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Objectives: Expression of HMGI(Y), a nucleoprotein that binds to A/T rich sequences in the minor groove of the DNA helix, is observed in neoplastically transformed cells but not in normal cells. We have analyzed HMGI(Y), p53 expression and Ki-67 labelling index in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and evaluated its clinicopathologic significance. Materials and Methods: 40 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were entered on the study of immunohistochemical stains for HMGI(Y), p53 and Ki-67. We analyzed the relationship between HMGI(Y), p53, Ki-67 expression and age, sex, primary tumor site, stage, survival rate, recurrence. Results: HMGI(Y) expression evidenced by immunohistochemical staining was observed in 35 of 40 (87.5%) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. But no significant correlation was observed between HMGI(Y) expression and other clinical factors such as primary site, tumor stage, differenciation, cervical lymph node, metastasis, recurrence and immunohistochemical status of p53. The Ki-67 labelling index was significantly correlated with recurrence and HMGI(Y) expression (p<0.05). Conclusion: This results suggest the Ki-67 is a good prognostic factor and the HMGI(Y) expression plays some roles in carcinogenesis and cellular proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. HMGI(Y) gene can be used as a cancer marker, the correlation between the gene expression and the prognosis of the cancer patient should be proved in the future studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1995

We have previously established a system for plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Korean ginseng. In this study to produce a fungus-resistant plant, we introduced a bean chitinase gene into ginseng using the transformation system. A binary vector pChi/748 was constructed by introducing the bean basic chitinase gene into EcoRI site of pGA748 which carries the CaMV 35S promoter governing the introduced gene and neomycin phosphotransferase II(NPT-II)gene as a positive selection marker. Cotyledonary explants were cocultured with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vertor pChi/748 for 48 h, and transferred to MS medium supplemented with l mg/L2,4-D,0.1mg/L kinetin, 100 mg/L kanamycin, and 500mg/L carbenicillin. Kanamycin-resistant calli were formed on the cut surface of cotyledonary explants after one month of culture, and subsequently they gave rise to somatic embryos. Upon transfer onto medium containing 1 mg/L each of BA and GA$_3$, most of them converted to plantlets after 5 weeks of culture. The genomic DNA of eight kanamycin-resistant regenerants was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two specific 21-mer oligonucleotides derived from the chitinase gene. PCR-Southern blot analysis confirmed that the chitinase gene was incorporated into six out of the eight regenerants..

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2020

Objective: An initial RNA-Sequencing study revealed that UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) was one of the most promising candidates for milk protein concentration in Chinese Holstein cattle. This enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, an important step in galactose catabolism. To further validate the genetic effect of GALE on milk protein traits, genetic variations were identified, and genotypes-phenotypes associations were performed. Methods: The entire coding region and the 5'-regulatory region (5'-UTR) of GALE were re-sequenced using pooled DNA of 17 unrelated sires. Association studies for five milk production traits were performed using a mixed linear animal model with a population encompassing 1,027 Chinese Holstein cows. Results: A total of three variants in GALE were identified, including two novel variants (g.2114 A>G and g.2037 G>A) in the 5'-UTR and one previously reported variant (g.3836 G>C) in an intron. All three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with milk yield (p<0.0001), fat yield (p = 0.0006 to <0.0001), protein yield (p = 0.0232 to <0.0001) and protein percentage (p<0.0001), while no significant associations were detected between the SNPs and fat percentage. A strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.96 to 1.00) was observed among all three SNPs, and a 5 Kb haplotype block involving three main haplotypes with GAG, AGC, and AGG was formed. The results of haplotype association analyses were consistent with the results of single locus association analysis (p<0.0001). The phenotypic variance ratio above 3.00% was observed for milk protein yield that was explained by SNP-g.3836G >C. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provided new insights into the polymorphic variations in bovine GALE gene and their associations with milk protein concentration. The data indicate their potential uses for marker-assisted breeding or genetic selection schemes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1123-1127
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• 2015

Uterine leiomyomas (ULM), are benign tumors of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. They represent a common health problem and are estimated to be present in 30-70% of clinically reproductive women. Abnormal angiogenesis and vascular-related growth factors have been suggested to be associated with ULM growth. The angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is related with several tumors. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlation between ULM and the ACE I/D polymorphism, to evaluate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism could be a marker for early diagnosis and prognosis. ACE I/D was amplified with specific primer sets recognizing genomic DNA from ULM (n=72) and control (n=83) volunteers and amplicons were separated on agarose gels. The observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ($x^2=2.162$, p=0.339). There was no association between allele frequencies and study groups ($x^2=0.623$; p=0.430 for ACE I allele, $x^2=0.995$; p=0.339 for ACE D allele). In addition, there were no significant differences between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype frequencies and ULM range in size and number ($X^2=1.760;$ p=0.415 for fibroid size, $X^2=0.342;$ p=0.843 for fibroid number). We conclude that the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not related with the size or number of ULM fibroids in Turkish women. Thus it cannot be regarded as an early diagnostic parameter nor as a risk estimate for ULM predisposition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 1995

To effectively modify tree function with genetic engineering, transgenes must be expressed at the proper level in the appropriate tissues at suitable developmental stages. Toward understanding the spatial and temporal expression of transgenes in woody plants, transgene expression was evaluated in three greenhouse-grown, transgenic lines of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. grandidentata hybrid clone 'Hansen'. All transgenic poplar lines possess constructs containing the bacterial nopaline synthase(nos) promoter linked to a neomycin phosphotransferase II(NPT II) selectable marker gene. In addition, each transgenic poplar line contains one of the following gene constructs : 1) a wound-inducible potato proteinase inhibitor II (pin2) promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) reporter gene. 2) a nos promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene : or 3) a Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35s promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to verify the presence of foreign genes in the poplar genome. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs) were used to evaluate organ specific expression of the nos-NPT II construct. NPT II expression was detected in leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of transgenic poplar, thereby indicating that the nos promoter is potentially effective for general constitutive expression of transgenes. NPT expression varied among transgenic poplar lines and among organs for one transgenic line, Tr15. With Tr15, NPT II levels were highest in older leaves and petioles. These results indicate that screening of several transgenic lines may be required to identify lines with optimal transgene expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10937-10941
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• 2015

Pathogenesis of lung cancer is a complicated biological process including multiple genetic and epigenetic changes. Since cigarette smoking is confirmed as the most main risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the aim of this study was to determine whether tobacco exposure plays a role in gene methylation. Methylation of the RAR-${\beta}$ gene were detected using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in DNA from 167 newly diagnosed cases with NSCLC and corresponding 105 controls. A significant statistical association was found in the detection rate of the promoter methylation of RAR-${\beta}$ gene between NSCLC and controls ($x^2$=166.01; p<0.01), and hypermethylation of the RAR-${\beta}$ gene was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.038, p<0.05). No relationship was found between RAR-${\beta}$ gene methylation and pathologic staging including clinical stage, cell type, gender and drinking (p>0.05), and the methylation of RAR-${\beta}$ gene rate of NSCLC was slightly higher in stages III+IV (80.0%) than in I+II (70.8%). Similar results were obtained for methylation of the RAR-${\beta}$ gene between squamous cell carcinoma (77.9%) and other cell type lung cancer (73.9%). These results showed that the frequency of methylation increased gradually with the development of clinical stage in smoking-associated lung cancer patients, and tobacco smoke may be play a potential role in RAR-${\beta}$ gene methylation in the early pathogenesis and process in lung cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Aberrant promoter methylation is considered to be a promising marker of previous carcinogen exposure and cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 1995

The goal of cell stem cell technology is to produce a viable and genetically normal animal. To achieve this goal various laboratories have followed 2 different pathways beginning with either the culture of 1) single or pooled ICMs grown with or without a feeder layer or 2) single or pooled 16-20 cell stage embryos grown with a feeder layer. Also, thus far embryonic cell cultures or lines have been established by several methods including loose suspension culture for short-term cultures and more commonly murine or bovine fibroblast feeder layers for long-term culture. Pluripotent lines have been derived from 16-cell through blastocyst inner cell mass stages. The efficiency of establishing cell lines and cell proliferation apper to be affected by the number of cells or embryos starting the line. Most attempts to produce offspring from long term STO cell feeder layer cultured ICM or morulae derived ES cells have resulted in pregnancy failure in the first trimester when ES cells were used in cuclear transfer or have failed to retain ES cells in the progeny produced by chimerization. The exception is 1 chimeric fetus from use of morula ES cells in the chimerization with early embryonic cells. There is much to be learned yet about ES cell culture requirements for maintenance of totipotency. If bovine ES cell lines loose imprinting pattern and totipotency with long-term culture and passage as suggested for mouse ES cells, we may be limited to the use of short-term cultures for multiplication of embryos and efficient production of transgenic animals. No bovine ES cell system has yet met all of the criteria indicated for a totipotent ES cell line.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyse of association between growth traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) polymorphism of phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK 2) gene in pigs. The birth weight of piglet influences on weaning weight and survival rate that are import economic traits in pig industry. Also, these growth traits are representative factor to decrease a period getting to marketing weight as well as growth rate in pig. The PGK 2 is an isozyme that catalyzes the first ATP-generating step in the glycolytic pathwayand important enzyme related with energy metabolism. Twenty of SNPs were discoveredby genome structure analysis that compares the sequence on promoter and transcription region of PGK 2 gene in porcine chromosome 7. An association between PGK 2 SNPs and growth traits was analyzed in $F_2$ reciprocal-crossbred population between korean native pig (KNP) and Landrace. Association analysis indicated that polymorphism of the PGK 2 gene promoter region has significant effects on weight at birth (p<0.01) and weight at 3 weeks of age (p<0.0001). These results suggest that PGK 2 gene polymorphism was associated with energy metabolism and physiological function of growth in pig.