• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

Manure recycle is an emerging issue in agriculture in Korea these days. Farmers are keeping eye on legume mixture with grasses for nitrogen fixation and transfer to companion crops by legumes. We had a trial to investigate the effect of different legume mixtures on nitrogen fixation and transfer in spring soil. The treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three different mixtures were used(rye+hairy vetch, Italian ryegrass+crimson clover, oat+pea) and sowed in pots with paddy soil from western part of Korea(Seo Chon County). Pots with rye+vetch were transplanted from field of RDA(rural development administration) in Suwon on 2 February 2007 and other mixture treatments were sowed on early March with different sowing rate(7:3=Italian:crimson, 6:4=oat:pea). $(^{15}NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution at. $99.8\;atom%^{15}N$ was applied to the each pot at the rate of $2kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. Application was done on 6 April at rye+vetch pots and remainder were applied on April 16. Forage were harvested from each pot at ground level in heading stage and separated into legume and grass. Total N content and $^{15}N$ value were determined using a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. DM yield of rye+vetch, Italian+crimson and oat+pea were 6,607, 3,213 and 4,312 kg/ha, respectively. Proportion of N from fixation was 0.73(rye+vetch), 0.42(Italian+crimson) and 0.93(oat+pea). The percentages of N transfer from legume to grass were from 61% to 24% in different method by treatment and -35% to 21% in isotope dilution method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 1999 to 2005. New variety, 'Kospeed' is a diploid variety with green in leaf color, and has semi-erect and erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. 'Kospeed' was on 1 May in heading date as a early-maturing variety. Also 'Kospeed' was wider by 0.2mm in flag leaf width, longer by 1cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1cm in plant length than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Stem width of 'Kospeed' was similar to that of 'Florida 80' and 'Hwasan 101'. Cold tolerance of 'Kospeed' was better than that of 'Florida 80'. Dry matter (DM) yield (13,257kg/ha) of 'Kospeed' was similar to that of 'Florida 80'. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) of 'Kospeed' were 73.2% and 65.3% which are 2.1% and 1.7% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 'Kospeed' were 29.1% and 53.1% which are 2.1% and 2.3% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2018

This paper studies the bending behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams focused on the effect of variation in major material design parameters such as tensile strength, elastic modulus of UHPFRC, and rebar ratio. Analytical results show that the variation in the range of ${\pm}20%$ in the tensile strength of UHPFRC causes the significant difference in ${\pm}8{\sim}9%$ of bending strength compared to the reference condition. The variation of elastic modulus in UHPFRC rarely causes the effect on the bending strength of the UHPFRC section, whereas causes the difference in the slopes of moment-curvature curves, indicating different bending stiffness of UHPFRC sections. For the rebar with yield strength of 400MPa, the bending strength of SC120f is increased by 30, 67, and 99% when the rebar ratio is 1.0, 1.5, and 20%, respectively, compared to the rebar ratio of 0.5%. Therefore, it is observed that the variation of rebar ratio significantly affects the difference in bending strength of UHPFRC beams. However, as the compressive strength of UHPFRC becomes greater, the effect of rebar ratio on the increase of bending strength is decreased.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA at Suwon, Korea, from 1999 to 2005. The new variety 'Kogreen' is a diploid variety with a green leaf color and had semi-erect habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring. The heading date of 'Kogreen' was on May 4, and for 'Florida 80' was May 2, both are considered as early-heading variety. 'Kogreen' was wider by 0.7mm in flag leaf width, longer by 2 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1cm in plant length than the control variety, Florida 80. Stem width of 'Kogreen' was similar to that of 'Florida 80' and 'Hwasan 101'. cold tolerance of 'Kogreen' was better than that of 'Florida 80'. Dry matter(DM) yield (12,884kg/ha) of 'Kogreen' was 3% less than that of 'Florida 80'. in vitro dry matter digestibility was 74.7% and total digestible nutrient was 65.1%, which are 3.6% and 1.5% higher than those of 'Florida 80', respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of 'Kogreen' were 30.1% and 54.1% which are 1.9% and 1.3% lower than those of 'Florida 80', respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2010

Until now, The experiment about the forage crop have been almost not conducted on the reclaimed land. Therefore, this experiment was carried out in order to know productivity of summer forage crop using slurry composting-biofilteration (SCB) liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land of Hwaong and Sukmoon in korea from 2008 to 2009. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid which are used as summer forage crops in South Korea. The experiment was treated with chemical fertilizer (CF), swine slurry (SS) and SCB liquid fertilizer. Dry matter (DM) yield of corn was higher than those of sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid in both reclaimed lands but the effect of SCB liquid fertilizer was not appeared. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of corn were lower than those of sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid. The crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn were higher than those of sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid. In generally feed values of corn were higher than those of sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid. The results of this study showed that summer forage crop cultivation using uses SCB liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land are possible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the effect of establishment of organic pasture by hoof cultivation with Korean black goat on productivity of grassland and properties of soil. This study was conducted from August, 2005 to September, 2008 at Cheonan, Korea. Experiment was designed composing with 4 treatment : Standard (Control, T1), Grazing after application of cattle manure (T2), Application of cattle manure after grazing (T3), Application of cattle manure at half of grazing (T4). The establishment ratio of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment(p<0.05). The yield of dry matter (DM) of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of pasture were not influenced by cattle manure and grazing method. Grasses coverage ratio in grassland in second year after grassland development were higher than that of first year. The contents of organic matter (OM) and $P_2O_5$ in soil samples collected in organic treatment at the end of the experiment were higher than those of control. However, The pH, and the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na and Mg) in soil samples collected in organic treatment were hardly influenced, as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment. This study suggests that the grasses and legumes coverage ratio in grassland can be improved by suitable pasture management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

Selection of oat variety according to cultivation period is an important to increase productivity of forage crop. To investigate the growth characters and dry matter productivity of oats according to cultivation period, early-maturing oat(EM0) and medium-maturing oat(MM0) variety were sown in spring and autumn at central district of Korea. When oats were cultivated in spring, MMO variety was longer 8 cm in leaf length and wider 5 mm in leaf width than 25 cm and 12 mm of EM0 variety, rexpectively. but in autumn, those were not different between maturities of oat varieties. Plant length of MMO variety was longer 7 cm than that of EM0 Variety in spring cultivation, but in autumn, plant length of EM0 variety was longer 14 cm than that of MMO variety. Heading dates were 20th to 22th May in EM0 variety, and 30th May to 10th June in MMO variety in spring cultivation, and ear of EM0 variety emerged 30th Oct. to loth Nov. but that of MMO variety did not emerge at harvesting day in autumn cultivation. In Spring cultivation, dry matter(DM) yield of EM0 variety was 7,349 kg/ha that was less 56% than 11,466 kg/ha of MMO variety, but In Autumn, was more 15% than 6,575 kg/ha of MMO variety. In conclusion, selection of oat variety in spring and autumn cultivation can be different with cropping system of forage crop, and this trial is suggesting that oat variety could be sown MMO variety in spring and EM0 variety in autumn at central district of Korea. (Key words : Oat variety, Productivity, Cultivation season)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.313-323
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• 2019

The interactive effect of dietary fat supplementation and milk yield level on dairy cows performance under heat stress has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of production level, the source of fat supplements and their interaction on dairy cows performance under heat stress. In this study, 64 Holstein multiparous cows were divided into 2 groups and received one of two rations having either calcium salts of fatty acids (Ca-FA) or high-palmitic acid (PA) supplements (2.8% of DM; dry matter). After completing the experiment and based on maturity-equivalent milk, cows were divided into two groups of high-yielding (14,633 kg) and medium-yielding (11,616 kg). Average temperature humidity index (THI) was 71 during the trial period. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.04), organic matter (p = 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; p = 0.04) for cows fed Ca-FA were greater than cows fed PA. The milk fat content in high-producing cows was 0.3% greater than medium-producing cows (p = 0.03). The milk protein content in cows fed Ca-FA was greater than cows fed PA (p < 0.01). High-producing cows had greater serum cholesterol (p = 0.02) than medium-producing cows. The cows fed PA tended to have a greater BUN than cows fed Ca-FA (p = 0.06). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to be increased by PA, which indicates that cows in PA treatment may have experienced more adverse effect on the liver function than cows on Ca-FA. Therefore, under heat stress and in 90 d trial, milk production level does not affect the cows' response to PA or Ca-FA. Although cows fed Ca-FA received lower energy than those fed PA, they compensated for this shortage likely with increasing the digestibility and produced a similar amount of milk.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the effect of chemical fertilizer and two fermented types of pig slurry on the total dry matter yield and quality of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and chemical properties of soil after harvest in Jeju area. Three treatments consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, aerobic fermented pig slurry (PS)200kg 7kg Nha $^1$, and aerobic fermented pig slurry treated with probiotics (PS+P) 200kg 7kg Nha $^1$were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The heights of plant applied fermented pig slurry were slightly taller than those of plants applied chemical fertilizer during early growing stage, but there was no difference among treatments when the plants were harvested. The total forage dry matter yields were in the range of 14,848~ 15,42kg/ha, but they were not significantly different. Also, CP, NDF, ADF and mineral contents in the forage(% of DM basis) did not differ among treatments. The pH of soil was ranged from 5.35 to 5.63, but it was not significantly different. However, the content of available $P_2O_5$ of soil was higher(P<0.05) in chemical fertilizer treatment than that of soil in fermented pig slurry treatments. The content of K was higher(p<0.05) when ffrrmented pig slurry treated with probiotics was applied after the 1st harvest. but it was not different among treatments after the and harvest.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2004

Nutrient utilization and plasma level of minerals were studied in lactating crossbred cows fed diet supplemented from different source of minerals. Twelve crossbred cows of first to third lactation during their mid stage of lactation were distributed equally under two groups and were fed concentrate mixture, green fodder (para grass) and finger millet straw as per requirement. Cows in group I were fed concentrate mixture supplemented with 1% mineral mixture whereas cows in group II were not supplemented with mineral mixture in the concentrate mixture but were offered additional quantity of green fodder (1 kg DM/cow/day) to compensate for the requirement of minerals. Balance study conducted towards the end of 120 days of feeding experiment indicated that the total dry matter intake in both the groups did not differ significantly. The cows in group II offered additional quantity of green fodder consumed significantly (p<0.05) more of green fodder (5.11 vs. 4.51 kg /animal/day) and the cows in group I consumed significantly (p<0.01) more of finger millet straw (1.71 vs. 0.92 kg/animal/day). The digestibility of major nutrients did not differ between the groups except for ether extract which was significantly (p<0.05) lower in cows fed additional green fodder. The total daily intake of P, Cu, Fe and Co did not differ significantly in both the groups whereas significantly higher intakes of Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn were observed in cows supplemented with inorganic source of minerals. However, supplementation through both the sources could meet the mineral requirement in group I and group II. The gut absorption (%) of all the minerals was comparable between the groups except for Mg which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cows supplemented mineral mixture. The net retention of all the minerals was significantly more in the group supplemented with inorganic source of minerals. Except for P, Mg and Co the retention as percentage of total intake was comparable for all minerals in both the groups. Irrespective of source of mineral supplementation the average monthly blood plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe) were within the normal range and comparable between the groups. Lower level of Cu observed at the start of the experimental feeding in both the groups increased with the advancement of supplemental feeding. The plasma Zn and Fe content in cows of both the groups did not vary. The blood plasma level of some minerals (Ca, P, Mg and Cu) was significantly higher towards the end of experimental feeding as compared to the initial values due to the reduction in milk yield with advancement of lactation or due to supplemental effect of minerals. It could be concluded that supplementation of minerals through inorganic source is better utilized in terms of retention as compared to green fodder (para grass), which is a moderate source of most nutrients.