• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify relationship between the PWV and the temperature difference. Methods: When it comes to senile patients who suffer from cold limbs, there is need to see whether or not the patient's low temperature of the limbs is do to arteriosclerosis. The Pulse Wave Velocity(PWV) is a non-invasive method measuring the artery's rigidness. And the Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I) is a non-invasive method to see the body's thermal change. Research on the interrelationship of the artery's rigidness and body's thermal distribution was done by using these two tests. The subjects of this research were patients between the age 40~65 who have done both the D.I.T.I and PWV in March 2005~ September 2005. They had to have no history of diabetes, coronary illnesses or cerebrovascular diseases which are diseases that can effect the outcome of the PVW, nor history of spondylopathy or dermatosis which can effect the outcome of the D.I.T.I. Results: The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant interrelationship between the right wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the right wrist-palm. 2. There was a significant interrelationship between the left wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the left wrist-palm. 3. There was no significant interrelationship between the right wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the right thigh-dorsum of foot. 4. There was no significant interrelationship between the left wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the left thigh-dorsum of foot. 5. The right ABI showed no significant interrelationship between the temperature difference of the right wrist-palm and the right thigh-dorsum of foot. 6. The left ABI showed no significant interrelationship between the temperature difference of the left wrist-palm and the left thigh-dorsum of foot. Conclusion: The study shows that there was a significant interrelationship between wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of wrist-palm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

This study is aimed to verify what effects horseback riding has in treating hospitalized patients with low back pain in the Korean medicine hospital. The method of this study is choosing 31 people among hospitalized male and female patients whose chief complaints were low back pain in 2 Korean medicine hospital in Gyeonggi Province. 14 people who agreed to take horseback riding treatment were classified into experimental group and 17, the rest of the people, were classified into control group. Both experimental group and control group were treated with Korean medicine. In addition, only experimental group performed horseback riding program. Changes of temperature difference by digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), sit and reach test and visual analogue scale(VAS) survey were used as measuring tools. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used in processing statistics. Mean ${\pm}$standard deviation was indicated down to two places of decimals and the level of significance was judged as p<0.05. The summary of this study's result is as in the following. First of all, the meaningful difference was shown in the experimental group but not in the control group in the difference of temperature between Yintang and Kwanwon(the difference between up and down). Secondly, there were significant difference in the experimental group which performed horseback riding treatments but not in the control group resulting from examining the change of temperature difference between left and right Yongchon. Thirdly, there were significant difference between experimental and control group in the change of sit and reach. Especially, the change was much more in experimental group. As known from the results above, patients who only were treated with Korean medicine relieved low back pain, reordered pelvis and improved the motor ability. However, the group which carried out horseback riding at the same time reordered pelvis and improved the motor ability more obviously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2648-2654
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effects of massages using various tools being frequently applied in skin care centers. It suggests the most effective method based on the comparative analysis on the body heat changes before and after the massages and also provides foundational data to develop back treatment programs. This research conducted manual, ultrasonic device, and also suction massages from July 3rd till 10th, 2011 to women at the age of 35 to 45 living in Gwangju, Jeonnam. And five of them were arranged for each tool. The body heat changes before the massages and after the 20-minute massages were measured with the body heat diagnostic device of thermograph DITI IRIS-XP. The collected data went through the t-test using SPSS 18.0. According to the result, the body temperature increased significantly before and after the manual massage from $30.82{\pm}0.52$ to $35.06{\pm}0.36$ (p<.001). The body temperature also increased significantly before and after the ultrasonic massage from $30.66{\pm}0.53$ to $35.14{\pm}0.39$ (p<.001). And the body temperature increased significantly before and after the suction massage from $30.93{\pm}0.47$ to $39.25{\pm}0.19$ (p<.001). The hand, ultrasonic device, and also suction were all effective as massage tools in terms of increasing body temperature, and the suction massage was shown to have the greatest effect in body temperature increase. Thus, the suction was analyzed as the most effective tool to be used to develop back treatment programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.521-529
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to analyze radiological change of Kager's triangle area and retrocalcaneal surface temperature by shoes heel height. Area of Kager's triangle was measured by simple radiography study And PACS of INFINITI. Retrocalcaneal surface temperature were measured by DITI. Area of Kager's triangle and retrocalcaneal surface temperature were calculated for comparison and analysis, with flat shoes and high heel shoes. Area of Kager's triangle($0.88cm^2$) and retrocalcaneal surface temperature ($1.4^{\circ}C$)tends to decrease with high heel shoes. The highest and shortest of the Kager's triangle area and a surface temperature difference between flat shoes and high heel shoes, each $0.9cm^2$, $1.2cm^2$, $1.6^{\circ}C$, $0.5^{\circ}C$ and showed slight differences. The highest weight and the lowest weight of a surface area and the temperature difference between flat shoes and high heels, each $1.8cm^2$, $0.8cm^2$, $1.1^{\circ}C$, $0.2^{\circ}C$ and higher weight Kager's area and the surface temperature is decreased. The longest time and shortest time of a surface area and the temperature difference between high heels, each $0.8cm^2$, $1.4^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, Areas of Kager's triangle and retrocalcaneal surface temperature decrease with high heel shoes. If we wear high heel shoes for a long time, retrocalcaneal pain and blood flow disorder will occurs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to report in patient with common peroneal nerve palsy, who improved by oriental medical treatament. Methods : We Checked the temperature of a leg by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at intervals of 10 days, angle of active dorsiflexion and range of active motion for estimating the improvement of symptoms. We used the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for estimating the degree of pain, too. Results : After 4 weeks treatment, the movement and power of ankle joint improved to nearly normal range. The degree of active dorsiflexion of the ankle increased from $-40^{\circ}\;to\;15^{\circ}$ and range of active motion increased from Gr III to Gr I. The difference of temperature between the both legs decreased remarkably. Conclusion : In this case we experienced improvement of symptoms by conservative oriental medical therapy, e.g acupuncture stimulation, herbal medication, physical therapy. It should be needed further investigation on common peroneal nerve palsy and its symptoms in order to set up a reasonable standard about a surgical operation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy on the premenstrual syndrome. Methods : Volunteers of twenty subjects were employed using DRSP questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including active-acupuncture treatment group, placebo acupuncture treatment group. In the control group, subjects were needled at $SI_5$, $ST_{40}$ points and in the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at two basic points, $SP_6$ and $CV_6$, and several points were inserted additionally depending the symptoms including $LR_2$, $LR_3$, $SP_10$, $LI_4$, and $ST_3$. A total of 13 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle over 8 weeks. Concentration of blood progesterone was examined and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) was taken before and after acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2006

Purpose: We intended to observe the relations between Chiljehyangbuhwan and abdominal & palmar temperature according to primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 100 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test. additionally WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) by Inbody 2.0). By the fixed blocked randomization and double blind method, Chiljehyangbuhwan or placebo was administered for 1 menstration period. Finally, 69 patients remainded. Before and after administration, we measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung (CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4). Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI(DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV12/CV17 and CV4/CV17 and CV3/CV12 and CV4/CV12 and CV3. Also, we measured 2 points (palmar region, upper front of forearm) for the difference of palmar temperature $({\Delta}T)$. Then, we checked palmar temperature minus upper front of forearm temperature and took an average of right and left ${\Delta}T.$ After that. we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by VRS (verbal rating scale) and MVRS (multidimensional verbal rating scale). In dysmenorrhea severity. we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate. severe). Besides, we compared palmar ${\Delta}T$ with abdominal ${\Delta}T$. For statistics, we used ANOVA and Spearman's rho correlations. SPSS 13.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, though Chiljehyangbuhwan was correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$(CV12 and CV3/CV12 and CV4). it was not correlated to palmar ${\Delta}T$. In case of VRS, though Chiljehyangbuhwan was not correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$. it was correlated to palmar ${\Delta}T$. However. palmar ${\Delta}T$ was not correlated to abdominal ${\Delta}T$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by MVRS was connected with abdominal ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3/CV12 and CV4) and severity by VRS was connected with palmar ${\Delta}T$ after Chiljehyangbuhwan administration. So we can consider Chiljehyangbuhwan partially effects the abdominal & palmar temperature according primary dysmenorrhea severity. However, palmar temperature was not correlated to abdominal temperature. Therefore, we need further study.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of the Carthami Semen Herbal acupuncture therapy on a Cauda equina syndrome patient who has a complex of low back pain, bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia and motor weakness in the lower extremity and paraplegia with bladder and bowel incontinence. Methods : Oriental Medical Therapy was performed on the Cauda equina syndrome patient from July 15th 2004 to July 29th 2004. The patient was treated with Carthami Semen Herbal acupuncture at BL22, BL23, BL25, BL28 and GV3 in combination with herbal medicine and conventional body acupuncture. We evaluated The Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Improvement index, The Oswestry Diability Index(ODI), gaiting, dyschezia, bladder incontinence, duration of urination and area of anesthesia, Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) before and after treatment. Results : 1. After treatment, VAS, Improvement index, ODI were improved each from 10 to 2, from 21 to 73, from 333 to 166. 2. After treatment, gaiting, bladder incontinence, duration of urination and area of anesthesia and DITI were improved well, but dyschezia was remained. Conclusions : From this case it is thought Carthami Semen herbal acupuncture therapy is very effective to Cauda Equina Syndrome and further study is needed for the confirmation of the effect of Carthami Semen Herbal acupuncture.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of beraprost sodium on digital infrared thermal images in patients with peripheral arterial disease caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease were treated with beraprost sodium in a prospective, multicenter, cohort study from February 2013 to December 2014. Beraprost sodium ($40{\mu}g$) was administered orally 3 times daily ($120{\mu}g/day$) for 6 months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) were performed to compare the blood flow improvement between before and after dosing. Results: Among the 25 patients included in the evaluation, 22 patients completed the study. A significant increase in body temperature was observed in the front and left side, particularly in the plantar side in DITI compared to that before and after administration. An increase in body temperature was observed at the frontal part from $28.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$ to $29.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$ (p=0.021), at the left side from $27.8^{\circ}C{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$ to $28.6^{\circ}C{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$ (p=0.028), at the plantar part at $24.0^{\circ}C{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, and at the plantar part at $27.1^{\circ}C{\pm}2.4^{\circ}C$ (p<0.01). The VAS decreased significantly from $5.4{\pm}1.3$ to $2.7{\pm}2.0$ after 6 months of treatment (p<0.01). Conclusion: Beraprost sodium is a safe and easy-to use oral medication for diabetes peripheral arterial disease. It can be expected to increase the blood flow and decrease the lower extremity pain statistically after being taken for 6 months.