• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.314-325
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• 2002

본 연구는 대구광역시의 고등학교 분포 특성을 구(區)별로 고찰하여 공간 불균등 실태를 분석하고 그에 따른 문제점 및 장래의 교육시설 입지와 관련한 정책적 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 교육시설의 지역간 질적인 차이는 고려하지 않았고 다만 양적 측면의 분석이다. 2000년 말 현재 대구시에는 76개의 고등학교가 운영중인데 설립 주체에 따라서는 국 공립 고등학교보다 사립 고등학교가, 운영 유형에 따라서는 실업계보다 일반계 고등학교가 수적으로 우세하다. 전체적으로 대구시의 학교시설 분포는 인구분포(재분포)와 밀접히 연관되어 있는데, 고등학교 교육시설의 수요와 중급간에 구별로 심한 불균형을 나타내고 있다. 학교시설의 지역불균등은 인구이동과 더불어 학교의 이전과 신설에 의해 그 정도가 심화되어 진다. 학교 미전의 경우 구간(區間) 이전은 도시 기능과 인구재분포가 주원인이며, 구내(區內)이동은 토지이용에 대한 민간부문의 개발압력이 학교의 이전을 촉진시키고 있다. 학교의 신설은 최근으로 올수록 민간부문(사립학교)보다 공공부문(국 공립학교)에 의해 공급되어지는 경향이 있는데, 학교의 이전 혹은 신설 대상지의 선정과 과정에서 특정지역을 선호하거나 기피하게 되고 결국은 이것이 교육기회의 공간불균등을 초래하게 된다. 결론적으로 교육시설은 공공서비스 중에서도 주민복지의 증진이라는 최종목표는 물론이고 이용자의 편리성을 고려한 사회적 형평성이 중요한 실천목표가 되어야 한다. 이런 점에서 볼 때 학교 시설의 신설과 재분포는 더욱 활성화되어야 하며 특히 민간부문보다는 공공부문의 역할이 중요하다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2007

본 연구는 한라산국립공원내 1100도로와 5 16도로변의 식물상 및 식생을 조사하여 귀화식물의 분포특성을 분석하였다. 한라산국립공원내 도로변에 분포하는 관속식물은 62과 145속 총 197분류군이었으며, 이중 귀화식물은 11과 29속 37분류군인 것으로 나타났다. 도로변 식생구조는 1100도로변인 경우 큰김의털-오리새 군집으로 대부분 이루어졌으며, 이 군집은 붉은토끼풀-창질경이 아군집과 제주조릿대-풀고사리 아군집으로 구분되었다. 5 16 도로변인 경우 큰김의털-오리새 군집과 주름조개풀-양지꽃 군집 및 돼지풀-고마리 군집으로 구분되었다. 이들 지역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 1년생 식물이 전체 51.4%를 차지하였으며, 유럽원산이 70.3%로 가장 높은 구성율을 보였다. 도입배경은 사료 또는 곡물에 혼입되거나 목초용으로 유입된 경우가 각각 35.1%, 21.6%로 나타나 다른 도입경로보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 한라산국립공원내 도로변에는 귀화식물인 큰김의털-오리새 군집이 대부분의 도로변에서 형성되어 있고 다양한 귀화식물이 분포하고 있었는데, 이는 도로 개설이나 확장, 정비 등에 따른 훼손지역 녹화용으로 큰김의털과 오리새 등이 주로 사용되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.827-858
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• 2011

본 논문은 우리나라의 에너지 전력 부문 환경유해보조금 체계의 환경친화적 개편의 경제적 효과를 알아보기 위하여 전형적인 Shoven and Whalley형 일반균형모형을 한국경제에 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 분석에서는 현행 각종 환경유해보조금이 축소 폐지되는 시나리오별로 반사실적 경우의 새로운 균형을 계산한 후, 이를 현행 기준경제의 초기 균형과 비교하여 보조금 관련 세제개편의 효율비용 변화 및 재분배 효과를 알아보았다. 환경에 유해한 에너지 및 전력 보조금의 폐지는 보조금 지급에 따른 왜곡된 시장가치를 줄이게 되어 일정 정도까지는 사회적 후생비용을 줄일 수 있으며 또한 효율개선(초과 부담 감소)을 가져 온다. 이러한 효율개선 효과를 세수 규모의 단위당 크기로 비교하면 석탄광생산지원 폐지가 39.48%, 유가보조금 폐지가 39.48%로 기타 시나리오들과 비교하여 약간 크게 나타나고 있다. 한편, 시나리오별 환경유해보조금 폐지가 유발하는 물가상승 효과는 보조금 규모가 큰 유가보조금 폐지가 0.6298%, 전력보조금 폐지가 0.4452%, 농 어업용 유류 면세 폐지가 0.1465%로서 기타 시나리오와 비교하여 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있어 이러한 부문의 보조금 개편시에는 물가 효과를 고려하여 부분적이고 점진적인 접근이 필요함을 암시하고 있다. 그리고 현행 에너지 전력 부문의 환경유해보조금 제도의 폐지에 따른 연간소득 관점에서의 소득계층별 후생 효과를 2007년 연간소득 기준의 소득 10분위별로 살펴보면 에너지 사용량이 많은 고소득층일수록 절대액 기준의 부담이 증가하나, 저소득층이 고소득층 대비하여 에너지 제품에 대한 소비성향이 높으므로 소득 대비 에너지세 부담은 다소 역진적인 성격을 가지고 있어 이에 대한 적절한 수준의 배려도 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2004

Seaweed community of the sub tidal rocky habitats along the coast of Geumo Archipelago in the central South Sea of Korea is described. This area is characterized by archipelago in which islets are separated by shallow bottom sediments (primary, muddy sand), and turbidity is generally high due to the resuspension of bottom sediments. The hard substrata available for algal attachment are limited to less than 10 m in depth. Thirty sites were randomly chosen along the coast from August 2003 to September 2003 and a 50 m long transect was established at each site. The transect began at a depth of 1 m and ended at the depth of 9 m. The percent cover of all species other than crustose coralline algae was estimated at 2 m depth intervals along the transect using a 0.25 m$^2$ PVC quadrat with 25 squares. Thirty-six species were identified including 6 Chlorophyta, 10 Phaeophyta and 20 Rhodophyta. Species with more than 5% mean bottom cover were Gelidium amansii, Corallina pilulifera, Amphiroa dilatata and Carpopeltis cornea, which formed dense turf-forming algal assemblages at 1-5 m depth. At all sites except S11-S15 located in the western coast of Sorido, bottom covers of seaweed species at the depth deeper than 7 m were less than 6%. The lower limit of algal assemblages was 9 m in depth. We speculate that the limited water clarity and vertical extent of hard substrata available for the settlement of seaweed species are the direct cause of reducing the diversity, abundance and distributional extent of algal assemblages in the area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the spatial distributions of the macrobenthic communities in the Seomjin River estuary from May, 2015 to May, 2016. The number of species was 163, the mean density was $1,865ind.m^{-2}$, biomass was $204g{\cdot}wet\;m^{-2}$ during this study period. The highest number of species and density appeared among polychaetes whereas the most biomass was contributed by mollusks due to the presence of Corbicula japonica in every season. The study area was divided into 3 regions with similar benthic fauna responding to the gradient of the salinity. Praxillella praetermissa was the dominant species in regions of over 30 psu during all seasons. C. japonica and Hediste diadroma were dominant in the upper regions of the Seomjin River where the salinity was less than 10 psu. Heteromastus filiformis showed the broadest distributional range and dominated in all seasons except for the most upper stream at st. 7. From the result of the Bio-Env analysis, salinity was the most important environmental factor affecting the formation of macrobenthic communities in the study area, and salinity and TOC were the highest contributors to the macrobenthic communities. From the correlation analysis between major dominant species and environmental factors, C. japonica, Prionospio japonica and H. diadroma showed a negative correlation with salinity, while P. praetermissa and Scolectoma longifolia showed a positive correlation. H. filiformis was little affected by salinity but showed a positive correlation with TOC or silt content of sediment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2011

Through the analyses of the distribution characteristics and management practices of the wildlife protection areas, this study intends to present basic data for improving the management of protected areas. 1) Based on the aggregate results of the protected areas, the average ratio of the metro-city and provincial areas to the designated protected areas was 1.49%; except for Chungcheongbuk-do (8.83%) and Gyeongsangnam-do (3.43%), most regions showed specified percentages of about 1%, whereby the analysis suggested that the designated protected areas were too small. 2) Considering the fact that most (86.16%) of the wildlife protection areas are in the regions that are of ecological nature level of grade 1, green nature level of grade 8 or better, and of legal conservation regions and districts, it was shown that these reserves are distributed in regions with excellent natural environmental conditions. 3) Designation of protected areas for the protection of wildlife and fish is deemed to be necessary. Although there are 588 wildlife & plant reserves, there are absolutely no designated areas for protecting plant and fish species. 4) Based on the results of an analysis of the current distribution by types, 92.47% of protected areas were concentrated in the mountains, 0.24% in the agricultural lands, and 7.29% distributed in the lakes/rivers/costal areas. 5) As major improvement projects, proposed were: advancement of management systems for protected areas, expanded designation of protected areas, overhaul of managed areas, designation of protected areas for the protection of wild plants and fish, need for management measures for private property and the surrounding areas, need to secure appropriate management personnel and collaboration, locally-adapted management, eco-information-based management, total management of protected areas, etc.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.771-778
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to achieve the following objectives: First, in order to understand the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we selected areas within 100 meters away from the railroad and then selected Saemaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment. In this way, we analyzed the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the traffic noise occurring in diversified areas. Second, in order to understand the vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we measured and analyzed the distributional characteristics of vertical sound pressure levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings according to changes of traffic load and types, and the existence or nonexistence of soundproof walls. For the case of the railroad traffic noise, we also selected Samaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, and we measured and analyzed the different noise levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings from the soundproof wall. The results of Horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: In cases of the flat land, cutting land, and bridge area, as distance increases, the sound pressure level steadily decreases. The sound pressure level for the bridge area is higher than that of the flat land with a measurement of $5.5{\sim}10.2\;dB(A)$. Vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: The amount of sound pressure level decrease is $14.2{\sim}14.8\;dB(A)$ for Samaul-ho and $13.5{\sim}14.3\;dB(A)$ for Mugoongwha-ho when measuring the vertical sound pressure levels at heights lower than 4.5 m, which indicates a fairly large decrease. At 6 m, the amount of decrease is 8.6 dB(A) for Samaul-ho and 8.2 dB(A) for Mugoongwha-ho, which indicates a small decrease.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2022

Leaf functional traits widely have been used to understand the environmental controls of resource utilization strategy of plants along the environmental gradients. By using key leaf functional traits, we quantified the relationships between leaf traits and local climate throughout the distributional range of Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. in eastern and western Georgian mountains (the South Caucasus). Our results revealed, that all traits showed high levels of intraspecific variability across study locations and confirmed a strong phenotypic differentiation of leaf functional variation along the east-west longitudinal gradient in response to the local climate; out of the explored climatic variables, the moisture factors related to precipitation and number of precipitation and dry days for winter and growth seasons were more strongly related to leaf trait variation than the elevation and air temperature. Among studied leaf traits, the leaf specific area (SLA) showed the highest level of variability indicating the different resource utilization strategies of eastern and western-central Rh. caucasicum individuals. High SLA leaves for western-central Caucasian individuals work in relatively resource-rich environments (more humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and could be explained by preferential allocation to photosynthesis and growth, while eastern Caucasian samples work in resource-poor environments (less humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and the retention of captured resources is a higher priority appearing in a low SLA leaves. However, more evidence from a broader study of the species throughout its distribution range by including additional environmental factors and molecular markers are needed for firmer conclusions of intraspecific variability of Rh. caucasicum.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.159-176
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• 2023

The conservation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in South Korea requires the protection and preservation of natural habitats while additionally ensuring coexistence with human activities. Applying habitat map modeling techniques provides information regarding the distributional patterns of raccoon dogs and assists in the development of future conservation strategies. The purpose of this study is to generate potential habitat distribution maps for the raccoon dog in South Korea using geospatial technology-based models. These models include the frequency ratio (FR) as a bivariate statistical approach, the group method of data handling (GMDH) as a machine learning algorithm, and convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) as deep learning algorithms. Moreover, the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is used to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the machine learning and deep learning models. Moreover, there are 14 habitat characteristics used for developing the models: elevation, slope, valley depth, topographic wetness index, terrain roughness index, slope height, surface area, slope length and steepness factor (LS factor), normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, distance to drainage, distance to roads, drainage density, and morphometric features. The accuracy of prediction is evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The results indicate comparable performances of all models. However, the CNN demonstrates superior capacity for prediction, achieving accuracies of 76.3% and 75.7% for the training and validation processes, respectively. The maps of potential habitat distribution are generated for five different levels of potentiality: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2016

담양하천습지는 영산강 본류에 위치하는 하천습지로서 2004년 습지보호지역으로 지정되었다. 이번 연구에서는 총 30개의 식생자료가 획득되었으며, 총 101종(미동정종 1종)을 포함하는 22개의 식생유형이 구분되었다. 현존식생도는 6개의 범례(하천림, 대상식생, 터주식생, 연안대식생, 습생초원, 개방수역)로 구분되었으며, 습지식생의 면적은 약 35%($386,841.86m^2$)를 차지하였다. 본 연구 결과 담양하천습지에 분포하는 식물사회는 보호지역 상단에 설치된 물막이보와 상부 유역에 운영 중인 담양댐 등으로 인해 급격한 수환경 변화로 형성된 것으로 유추되었다. 고수부지는 최근까지 경작이 진행되었으나 보호지역 지정 이후 방치됨으로써 현재와 같은 하천변 휴경작지의 식생경관이 형성되었다. 조사지역 내 환경부 지정생태계 교란 야생식물인 털물참피가 우점하는 군락이 넓게 발달하고 있으며, 국내 미기재된 새로운 귀화식물군락인 앵무새깃군락이 관찰되었다. 이들 식물군락들은 나도겨풀군락이 발달하는 환경과 중복되어 그 밖의 유사한 생태적 지위를 가지는 고유식물군락의 서식처를 점유하게 될 것이다. 담양하천습지의 다양한 식물사회들은 인공 시설물 등에 의한 하천환경 변화 및 교란, 훼손에 기인한 것으로 이해된다.