• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2001

The effect of perilla oil added in diet on the biochemical properties of cultured sweet smelt, Plecoglossus altivelis, was investigated. The cultured fish were fed two different diets for 8 weeks; a control diet was a commercial diet, which was low in the content of docosa­hexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5n-3) less than approximately $2\%$ (CO group) and an experimental diet (PO group) was added perilla oil as a lipid source in the diet of the CO group. The PO group was superior in growth rate and feed efficiency compared with CO group. This trend showed markedly in female of both groups. The fatty acid composition in the muscle of PO group was closely related with those of the diet, while those of CO group were not. For plasma components, total cholesterol (CHOU of PO group was higher than that of CO group. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl (OH) radical levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of plasma were higher in PO group than CO group. The intensity of watermelon-like or cucumber-like aroma was much stronger in PO group with higher level of TBARS and OH radical in plasma compared CO group. Survival rate was also high in PO group with high levels of phagocytic rate, CHOL and SOD activity. These results suggest that perilla oil might be usefulness as a lipid source of the cultured sweet smelt diet, in which result in high quality of the cultured fish.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.888-898
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• 2017

Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as yellow mealworms (MW), are rich in protein and lipid and can serve as a potential alternative protein and energy source in commercial aquafeeds. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the nutritional value of MW meal. For this, live MW were cold-anaesthetized before being subjected to three different types of drying methods, including freeze-drying, oven-drying at $60^{\circ}C$ and air-drying at room temperature for three days, and compared for proximate composition and energy content. An in-vivo digestibility test was then conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of MW meal in diets for rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. A test diet was prepared by mixing the MW meal with a reference diet (Ref) in a 30:70 ratio with chromium oxide as an inert marker at the inclusion level of 0.5%. Rockfish with mean body weight of 150 g were stocked into a fecal collection system equipped with fiberglass tanks of 400 L capacity. Each group of fish was fed one of the experimental diets to apparent satiation for 4 weeks. The results of the proximate analysis showed that drying methods had no significant effect on crude protein, crude lipid, ash and energy contents of MW. Despite being a rich source of protein and lipid, MW meal was deficient in certain amino acids, particularly methionine, and highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3 (DHA) and 20:5n-3 (EPA). MW meal showed high digestibility values for protein (93%), lipid (97%) and energy (88%). These results may indicate that MW meal is a nutritious and acceptable feed ingredient, with comparable digestibility values to conventional animal and plant feedstuffs such as fish meal and soybean meal, in practical diet for rockfish at grower stage.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

도시의 화단 및 꽃길 조성용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 만수국을 대상으로 산성비에 의한 식물 피해 양상을 조사하고, 산성비 처리가 활성산소 생성에 의한 산화 스트레스를 일으키는지를 조사함과 동시에 산성비에 대한 식물의 생화학적 방어반응을 조사하기 위하여 여러 농도의 인공 산성비(pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.6)를 제조하여 실험을 수행하였다. 산성비의 pH가 낮을수록 생육 피해는 심하게 나타났으며 pH 3.0 이하의 처리에 의해 암회색 또는 적갈색의 괴사 반점이 생성되었다. MDA 함량은 pH 2.0 처리에서 약 2배 정도의 증가를 나타내었다. 산성비의 $H^+$ 부하량 증가에 따라 DHA/AsA 및 GSSG/GSH의 비율이 증가하였다. SOD, AP, GP 등의 항산화효소 활성도 산성비의 $H^+$ 부하량의 증가에 따라 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 산성비는 만수국 식물에 활성산소 생성에 의한 산화스트레스가 일으키며, 이를 무독화하기 위해 식물의 생화학적 방어반응이 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.415-424
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• 1997

Serum lipid levels and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids(PL) were investigated in 24 healthy male subjects who consumed either corn oil(CO) rich In linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid($\alpha$-LNA), or canola oil acid(OA) as a major fat source fir 5 weeks. The PO and the CNO groups showed significant(P <0.05) increases in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) levels and in ratios of HDL- C/total cholesterol(TC) compared with initial values measured at the beginning of the study. Significantly(p <0.05) increased concentrations of serum triglycerides(TG) ware observed after 5 weeks of the CO based diet compared with both its intial value and the concentration observed after 5 weeks with the PO-based diet. fatty acid composition of serum PL reflected changes in dietary fatty acid composition and metabolism. Compared with the initial levels, significandy increased contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) were observed in serum PL of the PO group and significantly increased contents of $\alpha$-LNA and EPA were observed in the CNO group. Arachidonic acid(AA) content of serum PL did not change in the CO group during the study period, although, the increase in LA was significant(P <0.05). Compared with the CO-based diet, both the PO and the CNO-based diets seem to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by influencing the serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of serum PL.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Current status of nutrient fortification in processed food in Korea were presented by analyzing the information shown on food labels. The obtained information was assessed by the regulations on food fortification in both Korea and other countries including Codex. The most current regulations were gathered from internet. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Major nutrients fortified were calcium, Vit C, Vit B complex, iron and fiber. The forfified foods were not limitted to certain food group with more frequent fortification in snackfoods, cereal, ramyun, retort pouch foods, milk, and youguart. The descriptive terms of nutrition label for the fortification were various including high, supplemented, added, source, fortified, and abundance though the difference among these terms were not distinct. 2. Current regulation on nutrition label requires to give the content of the fortified nutrient and % RDA. However not all of food items carry above information. Also some ingredients such as chitosan, DHA, taurine, $\omega$-3 fatty acid, chondrichin, bifidus were supplemented mainly to the snack foods which FDA(USA) does not allow to be fortified. 3. The nutrient most frequently fortified was calcium and general practice of fortification appears to follow the regulation in Korea. Presently the regulation itself is not well described, this nutient fortification can cause toxic effect. Since calcium was supplemented to wide range of food group consumers who are not conscious of the safe upper limit may intake the fortified food up to the level of 2g/day. 4. For the effective fortification in Korea, the regulation on fortification should be reformed in accordance with the international guideline Codex and the regulations in other countries especially in America and Japan.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.335-344
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• 1996

This study was to investigate consumer recognition on food label of food package. The results of this study were as follows: 1. when shopping for food, the items considered the most were taste of family, food safety, nutrition and price, respectively. 2. 95.5% of respondents confirmed of the food label of food package when shopping for food. The items confirmed the most on food label were expiration date, manufacture date, manufacturer, food additives and nutrition, respectively. 3. 85.3% of respondents did not satisfy on the food label of food label of food package. 43.6% of respondents demanded food additives more detailed. 28.2% of respondents demanded nutrition information more detailed. 28.2% of respondents demanded food function more detailed. 4. The food which respondents satisfied on food label most were snack '||'&'||' cookies, nuddle, spices, can '||'&'||' bottled food, instant food, processed meat foo, frozen food and imported food, respectively. 5. The group with the most hphrases falling in the top rank was nutrition/calories. The phrases in the nutrition/calories group scored in the top rank were 3 "positive" nutritional characteristics(addition of vitamins, addition of DHA, high dietary fiber) and 5 "nagative" nutritional characteristics(no sugar, low sugar, low calories, low salt and low cholesterol). The group with the most phrases falling in the third rank was ingredient. The phrases in the ingredient scored in the third rank were add of food additives. 6. 55.5% of respondents did not know Recommended Daily Allowance(RDA) information and 61.9% of respondents did not understand the nutrition declaration(content) of food package but 65.7% of resspondents understood the nutrition claim of food package. From these result, respondents were more affected by nutrition claim than by nutrition declaration on food package when shopping for food.ood.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, which is used to improve the muscle color of fish, on the nutritional composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The trout were fed extruded pellets containing astaxanthin (pigmented rainbow trout) or without astaxanthin (non-pigmented rainbow trout). No significant differences in the contents of crude protein and crude ash between the two muscles of the two groups were observed. However, the crude fat composition of the muscle of pigmented rainbow trout was about two times higher than that of control muscle. In the muscle of pigmented rainbow trout, the contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), which are functional polyunsaturated fatty acids, were 1.6 fold higher than in non-pigmented muscle. In addition, the contents of minerals such as Zn and Fe, vitamins (B group, C, and E), free amino acids, carotenoids and astaxanthin were increased in the muscle of rainbow trout fed pellets supplemented with astaxanthin. Specifically, the content of the bioactive compound astaxanthin, was increased six times in the pigmented muscle, as compared to the control muscle. The results suggest that a diet supplemented with astaxanthin improves the nutritional composition of rainbow trout muscle as well as improving the muscle color.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

본 연구는 일반인들의 의식수준과 소득 증가로 건강 기능성 식품의 관심이 높아지고 있어 건조 로즈마리 추출물의 함량을 달리하여 마리네이드한 고등어의 품질 평가에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 고등어 특유의 버린 냄새를 감소시키며, 고둥어의 DHA 등 건강에 유용한 성분의 섭취 증진하고자 하였다. 로즈마리 첨가량을 달리하여 마리네이드 한 고등어의 염도 측정 결과 기존의 유통되는 안동 간고등어의 소금 5% 이라보다는 건조로즈마리 추출물로 마리네이드 한 고등어의 염도가 2%로 소금섭취를 낮출 수 있었다. 저장 중 pH의 변화는 pH 6.2-6.3으로 적색육 어류의 초기 부패점인 pH 6.2-6.4의 범위 안에 들어가 제품 품질 특성에 적합하였고, 특성 차이 검사 중 견고성, 탄력성, 촉촉함 등 실험에 참여한 학생들이 별다른 거부감이 없었으며 기호도 검사에서 외관은 차이가 없었으나 풍미에서는 건조 로즈마리를 많이 첨가한 R 4보다는 R 2를 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 맛과 전체적인 기호도가 가장 좋은 것으로는 건조 로즈마리 추출물 많이 들어간 R 4 보다는 일정수준 첨가한 R 2가 최적의 첨가량으로 보아진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1038-1042
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• 2007

척색동물문 미색동물아문에 속하는 미더덕과 오만둥이는 독특한 향과 맛으로 인해 식품에 널리 이용되고 있다. 영양성분으로 EPA와 DHA 와 같은 오메가 3 고도 불포화지방산, 타우린 및 유리 필수 아미노산, 그리고 카로테노이드 화합물이 함유되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 영양생리학적 기능성이 풍부한 미더덕과 오만둥이를 이용하여 술을 제조한 후, 품질을 평가하였다. 미더덕은 전체, 껍질, 살 부분으로 부위를 나누고, 오만둥이는 전체를 이용하여 각각 10, 20, 50 g을 알콜 함량 30%의 시판 과실주용 소주 250 mL에 첨가하여 4달간 숙성한 후 주정도, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 색도측정, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 제조한 각 술의 알콜 함량은 미더덕과 오만둥이의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 항산화 활성인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 오만둥이보다 미더덕이 조금 더 활성이 좋았으며, 미더덕의 부위별로는 살 부분이 가장 좋았다. 술의 색도는 미더덕과 오만둥이의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L값과 a값은 감소하는 경향, b값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능검사에서 미더덕, 오만둥이 술은 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 전체적으로 시험구간의 유의적인 차이는 거의 나타내지 않았다.