• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2024

The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) improves the accuracy and reliability of user positioning by transmitting the error correction and integrity information of the global navigation satellite system signal from geostationary satellites in real time. For this reason, SBAS was designed for aircraft operations and approach procedures and is now in operational or development stages in many countries. Time has passed since the construction of SBAS and many changes have occurred in the composition of the monitoring stations and the geostationary satellites. These changes have been investigated and the current operation and development status of SBAS globally are surveyed. The development and test schedules for the transition to dual frequency multi-constellation, an important topic in SBAS, are discussed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.365-368
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• 2009

메탄올 연료전지에서 기존의 탄소 지지체의 전기화학적인 특성과 유사한 새로운 지지체 물질을 개발하기위해서 $TiO_2$ 산화물을 선정하였고 이것의 전도성을 향상에 관한 연구를 하였다. 새로운 지지체인 Degussa $TiO_2$를 이용하여 고온에서 열처리하는 방법으로써 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 지지체위에 백금 촉매를 담지하는 합성 실험은 간단한 방법인 sodium borohydride 방법으로써 수행하였고 구조적인 결과를 확인하기 위하여 XRD 분석으로써 확인하였다. 결과로부터 $TiO_2$에서 TiN으로 구조적인 변화를 알 수 있었고 상변화 과정이 높은 에너지와 소스로 인해 바뀐다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 지지체 촉매 전극의 전기적인 활성을 알아보기 위하여 CVs와 안전성을 확인하기 위하여 CA에서 분석하였다. 기존 탄소 지지체 촉매 전극과 황산과 메탄올 용액하에서 CVs와 CA를 비교하였을 때, 티타늄 질화물 지지체가 CVs에서 유사한 산화, 환원 활성을 나타내었고 CA에서 높은 전류에서 안정성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과로부터 TiN 지지체는 탄소 지지체와 비교하였을 때 연료전지의 지지체로써의 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.981-985
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• 2007

We present a MEMS-based portable Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (micro-DFMC), featured by a platinum sputtered microcolumn electrode and a built-in fuel chamber containing a limited amount of methanol fuel. Also presented is a micro-DMFC stack structure having a common electrolyte sandwiched by the microcolumn electrodes. The single cells with ME16 and PE16 electrodes show the maximum power densities of $31.04{\pm}0.29{\mu}W/cm^2$ and $9.75{\pm}0.29{\mu}W/cm^2$, respectively; thus indicating the microcolumn electrode (ME16) generates the power density (3.2 times) higher than the planar electrode (PE16). The single cell tests of ME16 and ME4 electrodes (Fig.8) show the maximum power of $31.04{\pm}0.29{\mu}W/cm^2$, and $25.23{\pm}2.7{\mu}W/cm^2$, respectively; thus demonstrating the increased window frame reduces the normalized standard power deviation (standard deviation over the average power). The normalized deviation of 0.11 in ME4 cell has been reduced to 0.01 in ME16 cell due to the increased window frames. The maximum power density of 4-cell stack is 15.7 times higher than that of the single cell. 4-cell stack produces the power capacity of 20.3mWh/g during 980min operation at the voltage of 450mV with the load resistance of $800{\Omega}$.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

Global Navigation Satellite Systems are expected to meet system-defined integrity requirements when users utilize the system for safety critical applications. While the guaranteed integrity performance of GPS and Galileo is publicly available, their integrity assurance procedure and related methodology have not been released to the public in an official document format. This paper summarizes the integrity assurance procedures of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo, which were utilized during their system development, through a literature survey of their integrity assurance methodology. GPS Block II assures system integrity using the following methods: continuous performance monitoring and maintenance on Space Segment (SS) and Control Segment (CS), through a cause and effect analysis of anomalies and a failure analysis. In GPS Block III, to achieve more stringent integrity performance, safety requirements are integrated into the system design and development from its starting phase to the final phase. Galileo's integrity performance is provided in the Integrity Support Message (ISM) format, as Galileo utilizes a Dual Frequency Multi Constellation (DFMC) Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) to serve safety critical applications. The integrity performance of Galileo is ensured by using a methodology similar to GPS Block II (i.e. continuous performance monitoring and maintenance on the system). The integrity assurance procedures reviewed in this paper can be utilized for a new satellite navigation system that will be developed in the near future.