• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.893-907
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muslces, myofibrillar protein content and glutamine synthetase activity. 180-200g female Wistar rats were divided into four groups : control, exercise, dexamethasone injection (dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade during dexamethasone injection. Body weight of the control group increased significantly from days of experiment, that of the dexa group decreased significantly from day 4 of the experiment resulting in a 82.4% decrease compared to the first day of the experiment. Body weight of the D+E group decreased significantly from day 5 of experiment resulting in a 81.77% decrease comprared to the first day of the experiment. Body weights, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly and muscle weight of the soleus tended to decrease with dexamethasone injection. Glutamine synthetase activity of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly with the dexamethasone injection. The relative weight of the soleus was comparable to the control group and that of plantaris decreased significantly and that of gastrocnemius tended to decrease compared to that of the control in the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the excrcise group were comparable to the control group, and the muscle weight of soleus showed a tendencey to increase. The relative weight of the soleus increased significantly and that of the plantaris and gastrocnemius were comparable to the control in the exercise group. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and there was no change of GS activity of the hindlimb muscles compared to the control in the exercise group. Body weight of the D+E group was comparable to the dexa group, muscle weight of the plantaris increased significantly and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius showed a tendency to increase. The relative weight of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and that of the gastrocnemius tended to increase compared to the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group did not recover to that of the control group. Muscle weight of the soleus recovered to that of the control group. The relative weight and of myofibrillar protein content of the hindlimb muscles recovered to that of the control group. From these results, it is suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the muscle atrophy of the hindlimb muscles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

피부와 구강점막에서 발견되는 편평태선은 만성 염증성 질환으로 세포매개성 면역반응이 주로 언급되고 있으나 아직 정확한 원인은 밝혀지지 않았다. 따라서 완전한 치료법은 아직 없으며 증상의 완화를 치료목표로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구강편평태선의 일차적인 치료법으로 사용되는 corticosteroid의 두 가지 가글용액의 효과를 비교하였다. 2002년부터 2010년까지 부산대학교 치과병원 구강내과에서 구강편평태선으로 진단받은 환자들 중 corticosteroid 가글용액을 처방받은 환자들 총 180명의 환자기록을 조사하였다. 사용된 두 종류의 가글용액은 각각 dexamethasone(dexamethasone disodium phosphate, 0.05%)과 prednisolone($solondo^{(R)}$)을 포함하는 용액이었으며 약물 사용 후 증상의 완화 및 재발의 시기를 기록하여 분석하였다. Dexamethasone gargle(dexa gargle) 처방군은 33명(여성 25명, 남성 8명), prednisolone gargle(solon gargle)처방군은 147명(여성 114명, 남성 33명)이었으며 환자군의 평균연령대는 50대였다. 약물투여 후 초기 2주이내에 증상이 호전된 경우는 dexa gargle을 사용한 환자군에서 유의성 있게 나타났으나 증상재발의 경우는 두가지 가글용액의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 구강편평태선 환자에 대한 도포용 스테로이드 가글을 이용한 치료에서 증상의 빠른 호전을 기대하기 위해서는 solon gargle보다는 dexa gargle을 사용할 수 있으나 재발율에 있어서는 두 약물의 차이가 발견되지 않았다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Obesity was characterized in Korean elementary students using different obesity assessment tests on 103 overweight elementary students from three schools of Jeonbuk Province. The body mass index (BMI) and obesity index (OI) were compared, and the data using DEXA and CT were compared with the data using BIA and a tape measure. The results of this study are as follows: first, 27 students who were classified as obese by OI were classified as overweight by BMI, and 3 students who were classified as standard weight by BMI were classified as overweight by OI. Secondly, by DEXA and BIA measurements, there was 1.51% difference in body fat percentage (boys 1.66%, girls 1.17%) and the difference in body fat mass between boys and girls was 0.77 kg (boys 0.85 kg, girls 0.59 kg), but those differences in body fat percentage and mass were not statistically significant. Thirdly, the average total abdominal fat (TAF) measured by CT scans of obese children was more significantly related with subcutaneous fat (r = 0.983, P < 0.01) than visceral fat (r = 0.640, P < 0.01). Also, TAF were highest significant with waist circumference by a tape measure (r = 0.744, P < 0.01). In summary, as there are some differences of assessment results between two obesity test methods (BMI, OI), we need more definite standards to determine the degree of obesity. The BIA seems to be the most simple and effective way to measure body fat mass, whereas waist/hip ratio (WHR) using a tape measurer is considered to be the most effective method for assessing abdominal fat in elementary students.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1407-1416
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to train a model for the ulna and radius bone segmentation based on Convolutional Neural Networks and to verify the segmentation model. The data consisted of 840 training data, 210 tuning data, and 200 verification data. The learning model for the ulna and radius bone bwas based on U-Net (19 convolutional and 8 maximum pooling) and trained with 8 batch sizes, 0.0001 learning rate, and 200 epochs. As a result, the average sensitivity of the training data was 0.998, the specificity was 0.972, the accuracy was 0.979, and the Dice's similarity coefficient was 0.968. In the validation data, the average sensitivity was 0.961, specificity was 0.978, accuracy was 0.972, and Dice's similarity coefficient was 0.961. The performance of deep convolutional neural network based models for the segmentation was good for ulna and radius bone.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

The prevalence of obesity is continually increasing in South Korea; about 1/3 of adults are diagnosed with obesity and 1/2 of adults are overweight in 2016. Abnormal body fat mass increased the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (including hypertension, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia), chronic kidney failure, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) in Korea established the validation and approval system for "functional food" based on related laws and regulations. According to the guideline of MFDS, the biomarkers for obesity study in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial are well summarized. The analysis of physical phenotypes is necessary condition to study further molecular phenotypes and pathway analysis in vivo study. Thus, we will review currently available physical phenotype analysis; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Oxylet gas analysis will be examined in-depth.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

골밀도 측정은 주로 척추, 상완, 대퇴, 종골 부위에서 측정되고 있으며 이 부위를 측정하기 위한 전용 소프트웨어 및 통계자료는 잘 확립되어있지만 하악골에 대한 측정방법 및 정량적인 자료가 없어 Horner et al(1996)에 의해 제시된 이중에너지 X선 흡수 계측법(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA)을 이용한 하악골의 골다공증 측정법을 사용하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 성인남자 13명(26.5세), 성인여자 22명(24.4세)을 대상으로 GE Lunar Prodigy Advance를 이용하여 반 엎드린 자세(Semiprone)에서 두개부을 정측면 자세로 측정하였다. 이때 관심영역(Region of interest, ROI)은 직사각형($30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$)을 사용하여 하악각(Mandibular angle)에서 하악결합(Mental symphysis) 사이의 중심에 놓고 측정하였으며, 직사각형 ROI의 크기와 위치를 변경하여 측정하였다. 남자의 평균 골밀도(g/$cm^3$)는 $1.320{\pm}0.358$이고 여자는 $1.152{\pm}0.340$이고, 위치를 변경하여 하악각 쪽으로 이동시켰을 때 남자 $1.201{\pm}0.361$, 여자 $1.025{\pm}0.377$, 하악결합 쪽으로 이동시켰을 때는 남자 $1.434{\pm}0.341$, 여자 $1.19{\pm}0.358$, 크기를 줄여서 측정할 때는 남자 $1.262{\pm}0.384$, 여자 $1.113{\pm}0.356$, 크기를 확대하였을 때는 남자 $1.320{\pm}0.357$, 여자 $1.129{\pm}0.340$로 나타났다. ROI 위치를 이동시켰을 때와 크기를 변화시켰을 때 모두에서 측정값 간에 차이가 있었다. 추적 검사 시 ROI 위치 값을 유지하여 세 번을 반복하여 평균값을 구하였다. 하악골의 골밀도를 측정할 때 가능한 관심영역을 크게 하고 하악지와 하악결합 사이에 위치하도록 하는 것이 좋을 걸로 생각되고, 특히 추적 검사 시에는 이전 검사를 참고하여, 동일한 크기와 위치에 관심영역이 위치하도록 하는 것이 연구되었다. 이러한 연구에 의하면 하악골의 골밀도의 측정은 전체 골밀도를 나타내는 골밀도 측정값보다는 국소적인 하악골 골밀도 측정에 정확하다. 임플란트 및 하악골 부분의 뼈 이식 분야에서도 정량적인 측정값에 도움이 되며, 이러한 DEXA법으로 BMD 임계치를 한국 사람에 맞는 정량 값으로 구하여 본다면 좋을 것이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

현재 골다공증 진단은 주로 이중에너지 방사선 흡수법(Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, DEXA) 을 사용 하고 있다. DEXA에 의한 골밀도 측정 시 발생할 수 있는 오차는 크게 검사자, 골밀도 측정기, 피검자에 의해 발생하며 그 중 검사자의 관심영역(ROI, Region of interest)설정에 의한 골밀도 측정값의 오차의 정도를 알아보았다. 2011년 3월~6월에 골다공증 진단 및 치료를 위한 목적으로 본 병원을 내원한 환자 40대, 50대, 60대, 70대 각각 50명씩을 선별하여 대퇴골과 요추에서 골밀도 측정을 각각 두 번씩 측정하였다. 평상시에 하던 ROI 설정으로 측정(검사방법 A)하고, ROI를 최대한 넓게 변형하여 측정(검사방법 B), 두 번 측정하여 검사방법 A와 B측정값의 차이를 비교하여 검사자의 ROI변형에 의해서 발생할 수 있는 T-score의 최대 측정오차의 정도를 알아보았다. 대퇴부의 대퇴경(Femur neck)에서 T-score가 표준편차 0.1만큼 B측정값이 골밀도가 높게 측정되었고, 전자부(Greater trocanter)와 전자간부(Inter trocanter), Ward's area에서도 각각 표준편차 0.2만큼 B측정값이 높게 측정되었다. 요추부에서 A측정값과 B측정값의 오차 정도는 L-1에서 T-score가 표준편차 0.1만큼 B측정값이 낮게 측정되었고, L-2와 L-3는 변화가 없었으며 L-4에서는 표준편차 0.2만큼 B측정값이 낮게 측정되었다. 따라서 200명 환자의 골밀도 측정에서 대퇴부에서는 ROI를 크게 변화시켰을 때 실제보다 골밀도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났고, 요추부에서는 실제보다 골밀도가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 검사자의 ROI 설정변화에 따라 환자는 골다공증이 될 수도 있고 골조송증이 될 수도 있다. 이것은 환자의 골다공증 약제의 보험수가와 직접적인 관계가 있기 때문에 검사자는 항상 일정한 관심영역을 설정하여 의사의 진료와 환자의 치료에 도움이 되는 검사를 해야 할 것이다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

Asian sand dust is known to promote various respiratory symptoms or disorders. For the prevention of harmful health effects by Asian sand dust, the best strategy is known to avoid or reduce exposure to the Asian sand dust. Several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (RG) has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. The study aimed to clarify the effect of Korean red ginseng intake on lung inflammation responses to artificial sand dust (ASD) similar to Asian sand dust. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (n=12) of control (saline), ovalbumin (OVA), OVA with ASD, OVA plus RG with ASD, and OVA plus dexamethasone (DEXA) with ASD. Histopathologic evaluation of lung was conducted. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, IL-13, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and eotaxin within bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured by ELISA. OVA+ASD group significantly increased concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, MCP-1, and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared to the control. OVA+ASD+RG group showed significant decreased levels of IL-2, IL-13, MCP-1 and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared with OVA+ASD. Between RG and DEXA treatment groups, there was no significant difference in all cytokines and chemokines. The inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in treatment groups with RG or DEXA compared to OVA+ASD group. This study suggests a beneficial effect of Korean RG administration in preventing inflammation of lung resulting from Asian sand dust.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2011

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models must be validated against a reference method in a representative population sample before they can be accepted as accurate and applicable. The purpose of this study was to compare the eight-electrode BIA method with DEXA as a reference method in the assessment of body composition in Korean adults and to investigate the predictive accuracy and applicability of the eight-electrode BIA model. A total of 174 apparently healthy adults participated. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. FM, %fat, and FFM were estimated by an eight-electrode BIA model and were measured by DEXA. Correlations between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat were 0.956 for men and 0.960 for women with a total error of 2.1%fat in men and 2.3%fat in women. The mean difference between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat was small but significant (P < 0.05), which resulted in an overestimation of $1.2{\pm}2.2$%fat (95% CI: -3.2-6.2%fat) in men and an underestimation of $-2.0{\pm}2.4$%fat (95% CI: -2.3-7.1%fat) in women. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the %fat of 86.3% of men was accurately estimated and the %fat of 66.0% of women was accurately estimated to within 3.5%fat. The BIA had good agreement for prediction of %fat in Korean adults. However, the eight-electrode BIA had small, but systemic, errors of %fat in the predictive accuracy for individual estimation. The total errors led to an overestimation of %fat in lean men and an underestimation of %fat in obese women.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2008

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang plus antler water extract was tested in formalin-injected chronic inflammation model in mouse hind paw. The test articles were dosed once a day for 10 days, and changes on the body weight, paw weights were observed with histopathology of induced paw dorsum pedis. In addition, histomorphometry was also monitored at sacrifice. 15 mg/kg/10 mL of dexamethasone (DEXA) and diclofenac (DICLO) intraperitoneally dosed groups were used as reference groups. A significantly decrease of both absolute and relative paw weights were observed in all dosing groups including DEXA and DICLO groups compared to that of control, and a significantly decrease of the differences between intact and induced paw weights were also observed Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang plus antler dosing groups compared to that of control. These histological signs-hypertrophy of paw dorsum pedis tissues were detected results from edematous changes on the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with severe infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells-were dramatically decreased in all dosing groups including DEXA and DICLO dosing groups compared to that of control. Especially, dose dependently decreases were detected in Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang plus antler dosing groups compared to that of control. Base on these aforementioned results, it is concluded that Jungcheonhwadam- gangki-tang plus antler have clear anti-inflammatory effect on the chronic inflammation induced by formalin injection.