• Atmosphere
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2012

This study investigates a 12 month-lead predictability of PNU Coupled General Circulation Model (CGCM) V1.1 hindcast, for which an oceanic data assimilated initialization is used to generate ocean initial condition. The CGCM, a participant model of APEC Climate Center (APCC) long-lead multi-model ensemble system, has been initialized at each and every month and performed 12-month-lead hindcast for each month during 1980 to 2011. The 12-month-lead hindcast consisted of 2-5 ensembles and this study verified the ensemble averaged hindcast. As for the sea-surface temperature concerns, it remained high level of confidence especially over the tropical Pacific and the mid-latitude central Pacific with slight declining of temporal correlation coefficients (TCC) as lead month increased. The CGCM revealed trustworthy ENSO prediction skills in most of hindcasts, in particular. For atmospheric variables, like air temperature, precipitation, and geopotential height at 500hPa, reliable prediction results have been shown during entire lead time in most of domain, particularly over the equatorial region. Though the TCCs of hindcasted precipitation are lower than other variables, a skillful precipitation forecasts is also shown over highly variable regions such as ITCZ. This study also revealed that there are seasonal and regional dependencies on predictability for each variable and lead.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2007

Coastal marine ecosystems continue to suffer unrelenting pressures from human population growth, increased development, and climate change. Moreover, these systems' capacity for self-repair is declining with such increases in anthropogenic production of various pollutants. What is the present health status or condition of the coastal ecosystem? If our coastal areas are unhealthy, which conditions are considered serious? To answer such questions, the United States, Canada, and Australia are currently assessing coastal ecosystem health using systematic monitoring programs as well as identifying and implementing management plans to improve the health of degraded coastal ecosystems. To evaluate marine environments, Korea is currently using a limited number of factors to estimate water quality. In fact, we are ill-prepared for assessing coastal ecosystem health because no biologically specific criteria are in place to measure the responses to various pollutants. We should select ecosystem-specific indicators from physicochemical stressors and evaluate the subsequent biological responses within each ecosystem. Furthermore, a set of practical indicators should be generated by considering the characteristics and uses of a local coastal area and the key issues at hand. The values of indicators should be presented as indices that allow understanding by the general public as well as by practitioners, policy makers, environmental managers and other stakeholders.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

About two thirds of the naturally occurring antibiotics have been discovered from actinomycetes. Therefore, the probability of discovering further new antibiotics from actinomycetes is declining as many known metabolites are isolated repeatedly. However, various efforts leave been made in order to enhance the probability of discovering novel compounds. In the present study, we have developed new screening strategies based on the antibiotic biosynthetic pathway, and the genetic information, utilizing polymerase chain reaction. We have selected macrolide type polyketides. In order to divide the ansamycin group antibotic of macrolide type polyketides, we have selected 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) moiety which contains a biosynthetically unique structural element in the group as a target molecules. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify DNA fragments of macrolide type polyketide synthase and AHBA synthase genes from fourteen actinomycetes species. This method was successfully applied to all three of the known macrolide type polyketide produccing actinomycetes tested. In addition, it also identified the presence of potential macrolide type polyketide producing genes from seven actinomycetes that were known to produce none of macrolide type polyketides, and AHBA biosynthetic genes in one actinomycetes. This technique is potentially useful for the screening of new antibiotices and cloning of their biosynthetic genes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2016

The study explored droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the northwestern region of Bangladesh, which is the drought prone area. In order to assess the trend and variability of monthly rainfall, as well as 3-month scale SPI, non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) tests and continuous wavelet transform were used respectively. The effect of climatic parameters on the drought in this region was also evaluated using SPI, with the Southern Oscilation Index (SOI) by means of the wavelet coherence technique, a relatively new and powerful tool for describing processes. The MK test showed no statistically significant monthly rainfall trends in the selected stations, whereas the seasonal MK test showed a declining rainfall trend in Bogra, Ishurdi, Rangpur and Sayedpur stations respectively. Sen's slope of six stations also provided a decreasing rainfall trend. The trend of the SPI, as well as Sen's slope indicated an increasing dryness trend in this area. Dominant periodicity of 3-month scale SPI at 8 to 16 months, 16 to 32 months, and 32 to 64 months were observed in the study area. The outcomes from this study contribute to hydrologists to establish strategies, priorities and proper use of water resources.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2014

The hairtail (currently recognized as Trichiurus lepturus in Korea) is one of the most important commercial fish species in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Because the amount of catches has been steadily declining, we must determine the early life stages of the hairtail from the viewpoint of resource management. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the hairtail is unclear among ichthyologists, potentially creating management difficulties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare morphological and molecular information on eggs, larvae, and adults of hairtail from Korea with that of T. lepturus from the Atlantic Ocean, and to review the taxonomic status of the hairtail. A total of 510 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of 12 eggs, 2 larvae, and 11 adults of the hairtail from the Korean waters clearly matched those of Trichiurus japonicus adults (d = 0.000-0.014) from the East China Sea rather than those of T. lepturus (d = 0.100-0.110) from the Atlantic Ocean. Our results also showed that larvae of the Korean hairtail are different than those in the Atlantic Ocean in having no melanophores along the ventral edge of the lower jaw. Therefore, our findings suggest that the hairtail in the Korean waters may not be T. lepturus, but T. japonicus.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2002

Korea's marine products trade is taking for phase that income exceeds export after 2000. According to external environment change of Korea and Japan fishery agreement and an import liberalization of marine products, import of live fish and fresh fish is increasing rapidly. This study investigates import view of Japan live fish and fresh fish. Live fish which is imported from Japan has red seabream and seabass, but it is in declining tendency because of the increase in import of cheaper croaker from the China. If see importer's trend, entry to import business of fresh fish is eased a little. If a circulation trend is seen, However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader. Circulation market outside is common and the district wholesale store has played the important role. The import view of Japanese live fish and a fresh fish will increase against the background of maintenance of domestic circulation organization, and upgrading of marine product consumption However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2003

Since the 1960s in Korea, major broadcasting channels broadcasted farm television programs, however, airing of these programs were reduced in the 1990s. This was due to the declining number of farmers, and the low popularity rating of farm television programs. To cope with the situation, agriculture businessmen, farmers, and the officials concerned tried to acquire the independent farming television channel in cable television and satellite television, In 1998, one cable television channel started broadcasting, while another channel in satellite television began its broadcasting in 2001. One of the major concerns of the people in the broadcasting was actualization of the public interests in the new media multi-channel age. Recognizing this point, the study explored a few areas of concern such as conceptualizations of the public interest of the people in the digital age, examination of the surroundings of program production and marketing, and survey the media use behavior of target audience - rural residents; In the concept of the public interest, there are two points of view; market focused and democratic principle oriented. As the digitalization of broadcast advances and the logic of economics prevails, it is difficult to offer the public broadcasting service to farmers, however, democratic principles should be more emphasized. The rural resident prefer major terrestrial television channel to cable television and satellite television channel, and in media use behavior, the medium of major terrestrial television would be more useful for farm broadcasting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2020

Efforts on the continued increase of local government's fiscal spending related to improving the residential environment are desirable to counter the declining phenomenon of urban decline. At the same time, however, it is also important to know how to operate limited finances more efficiently to improve the residential environment. This study aims to contribute to the rational allocation of fiscal expenditure and the creation of productive results for the improvement of the settlement environment. To this end, this study analyzed the efficiency of financial expenditure related to the improvement of the residential environment in 225 local governments nationwide. The relationship between financial expenditure and residential environmental performance was also measured and the CCR, BCC and SBM models were used to measure efficiency. The analysis showed that most local governments need to scale back their fiscal spending related to improving the government environment. In addition, it was required to prepare feasible spending plans by bench-marking the processes of residential environment improvement projects in areas such as Haman-gun, Jongno-gu, Seoul, and Seocho-gu, which are considered to be under efficient operation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2013

Purpose: This study measured the quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: The participants consisted of consecutive patients with ALS who visited the neurology outpatient department from January to July, 2008. To collect the data, face-to-face interviews were applied at S national university hospital in Seoul. Using multivariate analysis, factors to predict QOL in ALS patients including demographic factors, functional independence, depression, anxiety, social support and quality of life were analyzed. Results: The final analysis included 69 patients. The mean score for the physical health and mental health components was $34.4{\pm}21.3$ and $44.7{\pm}20.6$, respectively. The mean score for the ALS functional rating scale was $24.3{\pm}10.8$ out of 40. Anxious and depressed patients accounted for 44.9% and 71%, respectively. Quality of life in ALS patients was significantly affected by functional independence, depression and anxiety level. Conclusion: To improve the quality of life in ALS patients with declining functional independence, comprehensive interventions are necessary to manage depression and anxiety.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2016

In this study we investigate 195 spacecraft anomalies from 1998 to 2010 from Satellite News Digest (SND). We classify these data according to types of anomaly : Control, Power, Telemetry etc. We examine the association between these anomaly data and daily peak particle (electron and proton) flux data from GOES as well as their occurrence rates. To determine the association, we use two criteria that electron criterion is >10,000 pfu and proton criterion is >100 pfu. Main results from this study are as flows. First, the number of days satisfying the criteria for electron flux has a peak near a week before the anomaly day and decreases from the peak day to the anomaly day, while that for proton flux has a peak near the anomaly day. Second, we found a similar pattern for the mean daily peak particle (electron and proton) flux as a function of day before the anomaly day. Third, an examination of multiple spacecraft anomaly events, which are likely to occur by severe space weather effects, shows that anomalies mostly occur either when electron fluxes are in the declining stage, or when daily proton peak fluxes are strongly enhanced. This result is very consistent with the above statistical studies. Our results will be discussed in view of the origins of spacecraft anomaly.