• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-151
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine measures to improve government's supply oriented housing policy in population declining cities. For this purpose, system dynamics simulation method was used to build urban-housing model and different sets of housing policies were tested to see their impact on local housing problems. Simulation result shows that there is no best set of housing policies that can solve all housing problems in population declining cities. It also indicates that housing policy that solve one type of problems can worsen other type of problems. Housing policy that increases population size has negative effect of housing oversupply. It also increases proportion of old houses in population declining cities. However, housing policy that makes city younger with newer houses tends to increase housing shortage and housing price. So, policy choice needs to be made with clear understanding of trade off between different policies. The result also shows it is difficult to expect a full scale effect of housing policy on local housing problems unless it is executed with regional economic development policy because local housing problems are so closely related with local economic problem in population declining local cities.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aims to study the activation pattern of declining industries by applying the Gompertz growth model using available resources based on the theory of industrial life cycle, classifying declining industries among Korean manufacturing industries, and identifying resource input characteristics. Research design and methodology - This study was conducted by combining the Gompertz growth model that predicts the limit of output based on available resources under the industrial life cycle theory. Using Gompertz model, this study analyzed the life cycle of 39 Korean manufacturing industries from the perspective of domestic production, number of employees, and fixed assets Results - According to a life cycle analysis of 39 manufacturing industries in Korea, the computer, textile, and shoe industries were classified as declining industries. Among them, research on resource input characteristics on the shoe industry showed that domestic production and the number of employees decreased, while the proportion of domestic R&D personnel and the number of research departments gradually increased. Conclusion - Among the declining industries in Korea, the shoe industry is considered to revitalize the industry, that is, to extend the life of the declining industry by offshoring its production site and improving constitution with a "R&D center for global" support.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4984-4991
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• 2015

성장에 중점을 둔 도시정책은 도시 내 쇠퇴지역을 발생시켰고, 지속가능한 성장을 위한 도시재생의 중요성은 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 도시쇠퇴 실태의 정확한 진단과 현재 진행되고 있는 도시재생사업의 측면별 평가를 통해 도시재생 전략과 사업의 문제점 수정, 보완의 근거를 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 도시 내 쇠퇴지역을 유형별로 도출하고, 쇠퇴지역에서 시행되고 있는 도시재생사업을 물리적, 경제적, 사회적 측면의 지속가능한 도시재생 계획요소로 평가하여 지역의 유형별 쇠퇴양상에 적합한 도시재생사업이 시행되고 있는지를 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 대전시의 19개 쇠퇴지역 모두 지속가능한 도시재생 계획요소 적용 정도가 '보통' 이하로 나타나, 도시재생사업이 적극적으로 시행되고 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 회덕동을 제외한 모든 지역이 쇠퇴유형에 대응하는 도시재생사업을 시행하고 있지 못한 것으로 평가되었으며, 물리적 도시재생사업에 치우쳐 있는 것으로 나타나 쇠퇴유형에 대응할 수 있는 사회적, 경제적 도시재생사업의 발굴과 통합적, 지속적 도시재생 노력이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1675-1682
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• 2012

Aim: The study aim was to determine the frequency with which women decline clinicians' treatment recommendations and variations in this frequency by age, cancer and service descriptors. Design: The study included 36,775 women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer in 1998-2005 and attending Australian and New Zealand breast surgeons. Rate ratios for declining treatment were examined by descriptor, using bilateral and multiple logistic regression analyses. Proportional hazards regression was used in exploratory analyses of associations with breast cancer death. Results: 3.4% of women declined a recommended treatment of some type, ranging from 2.6% for women under 40 years to 5.8% for those aged 80 years or more, and with parallel increases by age presenting for declining radiotherapy (p<0.001) and axillary surgery (p=0.006). Multiple regression confirmed that common predictors of declining various treatments included low surgeon case load, treatment outside major city centres, and older age. Histological features suggesting a favourable prognosis were often predictive of declining various treatments, although reverse findings also applied with women with positive nodal status being more likely to decline a mastectomy and those with larger tumours more likely to decline chemotherapy. While survival analyses lacked statistical power due to small numbers, higher risks of breast cancer death were suggested, after adjusting for age and conventional clinical risk factors, (1) for women not receiving breast surgery for unstated reasons (RR=2.29; p<0.001); and (2) although not approaching statistical significance $p{\geq}0.200$), for women declining radiotherapy (RR=1.22), a systemic therapy (RR1.11), and more specifically, chemotherapy (RR=1.41). Conclusions: Women have the right to choose their treatments but reasons for declining recommendations require further study to ensure that choices are well informed and clinical outcomes are optimized.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-326
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to review the declining of school library movement in Korea with a special reference to the 1970s and 1980s. The writer keeps an eye on the distortion of education in Korea.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

This paper provides a case study to explore the Kitakyushu case as a good referential example on STP development for rejuvenation of declining industrial city. The major data for the case, basically, has been sourced from some materials published by the municipality of Kitakyushu City, the website of the Kitakyushu Science and Research Park (KSRP) etc. The City of Kitakyushu has promoted the KSRP development to overcome industrial decline and stimulate city renaissance as a new industrial city. The core of the development was to develop a high-level education and research environment by gathering several HEIs into one campus. Based on the environment, the Kitakyushu Foundation for the Advancement of Industry and Science and Technology (FAIS) played the critical role as a coupler to make various networks and boost industry-academiaadministration innovation. The KSRP, and then, has been designated as a project area of some cluster projects initiated by the central government. It means that local projects can be synchronized, synergized and synthesized with national projects in the KSRP. In addition, through a series of the environmental approach from the Kitakyushu Eco-town Project to the Low Carbon Society Project, the development of the KSRP is being extended into the region. In the Kitakyushu case, networking is the essence of the KSRP development from the planning stage. First of all, the plan put emphasis on networking of academia for the knowledge creation based on competitive collaboration that is expected as the mainspring of rejuvenating declining industrial area and making a new industrial city that the plan aimed. Then, the roles of two organizations are very important for networking, especially networking of networks: the Campus Management Committee as an interface and the FAIS as a coupler. STP development without some strategic considerations for networking as the way of interaction among its participants cannot be a tool to promote innovation and rejuvenate a declining industrial area. The Kitakyushu case mentioned above explains the matter clearly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7097-7101
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• 2015

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is linked to Epstein Barr virus infection and is particularly common in the Far East, particularly among some Chinese groups. Certain ethnicities have been reported to have low incidence of NPC. This study looked at NPC in Brunei Darussalam over a three decade period. Materials and Methods: The cancer registry from 1986 to 2014 maintained by the State Laboratory was retrospectively reviewed. The age standardized rates (ASR) and the age specific incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated. Non NPC tumors were excluded from the study. Results: Altogether, there were a total of 450 NPC cases diagnosed accounting for 4.4% of all total cancer cases over the study period, declining from 10.3% in 1986-1990 to 2.3% in 2011-2014. The most common tumor type was the undifferentiated carcinoma (96.4%). The case characteristics were mean age $50.4{\pm}14.4$ years old, male 69%, and predominately Malays 74.4%, followed by Chinese 16.7%. The mean age of diagnosis increased over the study period from $45.6{\pm}17.1$ years (1986-1989) to $54.1{\pm}12.5$ years (ANOVA, p<0.01 for trend). There were no differences in the mean age of diagnosis between the ethnic groups or genders. The ASR showed a declining trend from 11.1 per 100,000 in 1986-1990 to 5.95 per 100,000 in 2011-2014, similar trends been observedfor both genders. Among the age groups, declining trends were seen in all the other age groups apart from the >70 years group. The overall ASRs for the Malays and Chinese were 7.92/100,000 and 8.83/100,000 respectively, both showing declining trends. Conclusions: The incidence of NPC in Brunei Darussalam is comparable to rates reported from Singapore and Malaysia, but higher than rates reported from the other Southeast Asian nations. Unlike higher rates reported for Chinese compared to the Malays in other countries, the rates between the Malays and Chinese in our study was comparable. Importantly, the ASR is declining overall and for both genders and ethnic groups.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.539-552
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• 1999

An order-level inventory model for a perishable product with a time-dependent demand is developed for a fixed planning pe-riod allowing backlogging in all cycles within the said period. The market demand is assumed to decrease exponentially as time elapses. The average system cost is derived and its optimization procedure is illustrated with a numerical example. Sensitivity of the optimal so-lution to changes in the values of different parameters of the system is also analysed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2007

구상나무의 스트레스 적응능력을 보여주는 항산화효소활성, 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체의 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 윗세오름, 영실 그리고 성판악(진달래밭)지역의 건전개체와 쇠퇴개체를 조사 분석하였다. 항산화효소활성으로는 Ascorbate peroxidase(APX)와 Glutathione Reductase(GR)를, 토양특성으로는 토성, pH, 유기물함량, 전 질소함량, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온의 함량을 분석하였고, 구상나무 잎을 채취하여 식물체의 양분함량을 분석하였다. APX, GR 효소 활성에 있어서 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체 사이에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 계절적으로 6월과 8월에 비해 9월의 항산화효소 활성도가 낮게 나타났다. 토양분석 결과 유기물함량, 전질소, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온 함량이 건전개체가 있는 곳에 비해 쇠약한 개체가 있는 곳의 토양이 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to manage the physical sectors systematically, needed for the selection and direction of declining areas, such as urban regeneration and revitalization projects, by grading the density of decline indicators of buildings in small and medium cities. In five small and medium-sized cities in Jeollanam-do, the data were divided into three stages according to the density, according to the use, structure, and age of the building. Rating by element of Census Output Area, detailed designation, and management of declining areas in small and medium-sized cities are required, rather than setting the scope of declining areas based on administrative districts. It is also necessary to manage cities through complex and intra-element phasing rather than single elements in defining physical decline. The analysis based on the complex factors and boundary of the Census Output Area is meaningful in order to maintain and manage such cities in a more detailed and precise manner according to such characteristics of each region.