• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 선형 공격으로 5라운드로 줄인 블록 암호 CIKS-1에 대한 안전성을 평가하고, 이 공격을 전체 라운드(8 라운드)까지 정규적으로 확장할 수 있음을 보인다. CIKS-1은 크게 데이타 의존 치환들과 내부 키 스케쥴링으로 구성된다. 우리는 CIKS-1 암호의 구조적인 특성을 고려하여 선형 근사식을 찾는다. 즉, 한 라운드 선형 근사식을 만들기 위해 병렬 처리가 가능한 16개의 2비트 덧셈 연산(“+....+”)에 대해 확률(p)이 3/4인 16개의 선형 근사식을 고려하고, Piling-Up정리를 이용하여 확률(P)이 1/2+2$^{-17}$ 인 한 라운드 선형 근사식을 추출한다. 그리고 난 후, 이 한 라운드 근사식을 이용하여 확률이 1/2+2$^{-17}$ 인 3라운드 선형 근사식을 찾아서 5라운드 CIKS-1를 공격한다. 또한 동일한 3라운드 근사식을 이용하여 공격을 8라운드 CIKS-1로 확장한다. 결과로서 우리는 99.9% 성공 확률로 5라운드 CIKS-1 암호의 마지막 라운드 키를 찾는데 약 2$^{38}$ 개의 선택 평문과 2$^{67.7}$정도의 암호화 시간이 필요함을 제안한다. (또한, 8라운드 CIKS-1의 경우에도 2$^{38}$ 개의 선택 평문을 가지고 99.9% 성공 확률로 마지막 라운드 키를 찾을 수 있다. 다만, 약 21$^{166}$ 암호화 시간이 요구된다.다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2015

Objectives: Intrahepatic recurrence is the major cause of death among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative surgical resection. Several approaches have been reported to decrease the recurrence rate. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) therapy on recurrence after hepatic resection in patients with HBV-related HCC with that of TACE chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 228 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related HCC and underwent curative resection between January 2001 to December 2008. The patients were divided into TACE (n = 126) and TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ (n = 102) groups for postoperative chemotherapy. The TACE regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (DDP), and the emulsion mixed with mitomycin C (MMC) and lipiodol. The recurrence rates, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and risk of recurrence were evaluated. Results: The clinicopathological parameters and adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The median OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group (36.3 months) was significantly longer than that of the TACE group (24.5 months, P < 0.05). The 3-and 5-year OS for the TACE-IFN-${\alpha}$ group were significantly longer than those of the TACE group (P < 0.05) and the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination therapy, active hepatitis HBV infection, the number of tumor nodules, microvascular invasion, liver cirrhosis, and the BCLC stage were independent predictors of OS and DFS. Conclusions: The use of the TACE and IFN-${\alpha}$ combination chemotherapy after curative hepatic resection safely and effectively improves OS and decreases recurrence in patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk. Our findings can serve as a guide for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HBV-related HCC who are at high risk of recurrence.