• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.159-179
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• 2018

As digital media evolves, image changes have evolved from 2D to 3D. At the end of the 1930s when the US overcame the economic crisis and met the Second World War, people needed a hero to escape reality. In DC (Detective Comics), superhero comics started to become popular by making superhero series mainly with Super Man and Bat Man. Timely Comics, founded by Martin Goodman in 1939, also published Marvel Comics, the first comic strip in epochal comics on October 1 of the same year. From this point on, Marble has developed mainly in the cartoon industry. However, in the development of the times and the change of media, Marble boldly grasps the influence of Hollywood movies from the comic centered development system, and moves from the cartoon market to the movie market. Especially, the trans-media storytelling strategy was well reflected in the movie "Avengers" series, which Marvel produced after the merger with Disney. In this paper, When Marble Comics compares with the time when the comic book industry developed before the merger and the time when the movie industry was focused after the merger with Disney What kind of change and development, and The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of these changes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.53-85
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• 2017

This study deals with the production system of the superhero animation that are based on DC comic books and are produced by Warner Brothers company, and tries to find out ways in order to vitalize the new window of the animation market. 28 superhero animations released from 2007 until 2017 are analyzed. Several critical points are drawn out and can be applied to the Korean animation industry. There are two categories, one is about the management of the production system, and the other is about the subcontract system. In managing the production system, there are three points: First, there are several people who play the role of either a producer or a director many times. Second, producers used to work as a group. Third, some people work not only as a producer but also as a director. In carrying out outsourcing contracts, there are six points: First, only Korean and Japanese companies participate as subcontract companies. Second, about two companies used to take part in the subcontract production in a year. Third, in case of number of people involved in production, there are more Japanese than Korean. Fourth, Japanese companies deal with some parts of the pre-production as well as the main production in . Fifth, a Japanese company has a sub-subcontract with a Korean company in one episode of . Sixth, Korean companies mostly focus on the production part of key animation. Important points that the Korean production system has to consider are also suggested under the two categories. In the production system management, there are two points. It is needed to make use of the group producer system, and it is critical to develop the story line of universe type such as DC Universe. In case of the outsourcing production system, it is essential to keep up educating 2D type of animation and, at the same time, to participate actively in the global outsourcing production. By considering these crucial points, it is expected to keep producing animation that can be used for the media window such as IPTV.