• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 2001

A multi-rapid immunofilter paper assay (multi-RIPA) system was prepared for simultaneous diagnosis of three Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) in cucurbitaceous crops. Each of these viruses was specifically detected by the multi-RIPA from cucumber, watermelon, zucchini, and bottle gourd inoculated with the three Tobamoviruses singly or in combination. The three viruses could infect cucumber, watermelon, and bottle gourd ; however, CGMMV could not infect zucchini as the latex-coated CGMMV antibody showed a negative reaction in the multi-RIPA of the virus-infected plant extract. When the minimum detection level of multi-RIPA was compared with that of double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using CGMMV, the latter was 10 times more sensitive than the former. The detection limit of the multi-RIPA for the purified CGMMV was 50 ng/ml. In a survey of the threeviruses in cucurbits growing in commercial fields in 1999 and 2000, CGMMV was detected in watermelon and cucumber, and ZGMMV was detected only in zucchini growing in plastic houses at the suburbs of Chonju, Korea. However, KGMMV was not found in the commercially growing cucurbit crops in our study, The results suggest that the multi-RIPA can be a simple, rapid, specific and convenient tool to detect simultaneously the Tobamoviruses.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is an Ilarvirus systemically infecting almond trees and other Prunus species and spreading through pollen, among other means. We have studied strategies based on coat protein (cp) gene to block PDV replication in host plant cells. A Portuguese isolate of PDV was obtained from infected almond leaves and used to produce the cDNA of the cp gene. Various constructs were prepared based on this sequence, aiming for the transgenic expression of the original or modified PDV coat protein (cpPDVSense and cpPDVMutated) or for the expression of cpPDV RNA (cpPDVAntisense and cpPDVwithout start codon). All constructs were tested in a PDV host model, Nicotiana benthamiana, and extensive molecular characterization and controlled infections were performed on transformants and their progenies. Transgenic plants expressing the coat protein RNA were able to block the proliferation of a PDV isolate sharing only 91% homology with the isolate used for cpPDV cloning, as evaluated by DAS-ELISA on newly developed leaves. With cp expression, the blockage of PDV proliferation in newly developed leaves was only achieved with the construct cpPDV Mutated, where the coat protein has a substitution in the 14th aa residue, with arginine replaced by alanine. This result points to a possible role of the mutated amino acid in the virus ability to replicate and proliferate. This work reveals the possibility of achieving protection against PDV through either coat protein RNA or mutated cp sequence.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.632-640
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• 2021

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material - chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40-75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.646-655
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• 2022

Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), one of the most prevalent viruses in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a non-enveloped, rod-shaped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus classified in the genus Tobamovirus. The supernatants of five bacterial cultures (Pseudomonas putida [PP], Bacillus licheniformis [BLI], P. fluorescens [PF], Serratia marcescens [SER], and B. amyloliquifaciens [BA]) were analyzed to find novel antiviral agents to PMMoV in chili pepper. Foliar spraying with supernatants (1:1, v/v) obtained from Luria-Bertani broth cultures of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA inhibited PMMoV infection of chili pepper if applied before the PMMoV inoculation. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatments of five supernatants resulted in 51-66% reductions in PMMoV accumulation in the treated chili pepper. To identify key compounds in supernatants of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA, the supernatants were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 24 different types of compounds were identified from the supernatants of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA. The compounds vary from supernatants of one bacterial culture to another which includes simple compounds-alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and an aromatic ring containing compounds. The compounds triggered the inhibitory effect on PMMoV propagation in chili pepper plants. In conclusion, the cultures could be used to further conduct tissue culture and field trial experiments as potential bio-control agents.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

시판중인 18품종의 토마토 종자에 대하여 TMV, ToMV, CMV의 오염률과 종자 전반률을 조사한 결과 TMV와 ToMV는 각각 9품종에서 오염이 확인되었으며, CMV는 3품종에서 바이러스 오염을 확인하였다. TMV는 3.8%로 가장 높은 오염률을 보였고, ToMV는 2.6%, CMV는 1.4%의 오염률을 보였다. 자연적인 종자 전반률을 조사한 결과, 공시한 9품종의 토마토종자에서 ToMV는 3품종에서 4.4%, CMV는 4품종에서 2.2%의 종자 전반률을 확인할 수 있었으며, TMV는 본실험에서는 종자 전반을 확인할 수 없었다. 1999년 10월부터 2000년 10월까지 충청북도 주요 토마토 재배지역에서 TMV, ToMV CMV의 지역별 바이러스 감염률과 병정별 감염률 및 생육시기에 따른 세 바이러스의 감염률을 조사한 결과, 각 지역의 토마토 포장에서는 잎말림, 괴저 및 왜화 등의 다양한 병징을 보였으며, 대부분의 포장에서 잎말림 증상이 관찰되었으며, 모자이크 증상과 누렁증상 등의 병징도 많이 관찰되었으며, 로꾸산마루 품종에서 다양한 병징이 관찰되었다. 지역별로는 옥산 지역의 로꾸산마루 포장과 가금지역의 꼬꼬 포장 및 노은지역의 로꾸산마루 포장에서 TMV와 ToMV 및 CMV의 감염률이 높았으며, ToMV의 감염률은 가금지역의 꼬꼬 포장에서 43.3%로 가장 높았으며, CMV의 감염률은 노은지역의 로꾸산마루 포장에서 40.0%로 다른 포장보다 높았다. 병징에 따른 바이러스의 감염률은 누렁증상을 보이는 병징에서 ToMV가 가장 높았고, 괴저 증상을 보이는 잎에서는 CMV가 가장 높았으며, 잎말림 과총생 및 얼룩무늬 등 대부분의 병정에서 ToMV의 감염을 확인하였고, TMV의 감염률은 낮았다. 생육단계별에 따른 바이러스 감염률을 조사한 결과 생육초기보다 생육중기와 후기가 바이러스의 오염률이 높았으며, 생육중기와 생육후기의 감염률은 차이가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2018

Objective: Present investigation was aimed to study the Single Nucleotide Variants of the luteinizing hormone beta ($LH{\beta}$) gene and to analyze their association with the semen quality (fresh and post-thawed frozen semen) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in Murrah buffalo bulls. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and Sanger sequencing method is used to study genetic variability in $LH{\beta}$ gene. LH assay was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. A fixed general linear model was used to analyze association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of $LH{\beta}$ gene with semen quality in 109 and LH concentrations in 80 Murrah bulls. Results: $LH{\beta}$ gene was found to be polymorphic. Total six SNPs were identified in $LH{\beta}$ gene g C356090A, g C356113T, g A356701G, g G355869A, g G356330C, and g G356606T. Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on sperm concentration (million/mL), percent mass motility, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity in fresh and frozen semen whereas significant (p<0.05) effect was observed on percent live spermatozoa. SSCP variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on luteinizing hormone concentrations too. Conclusion: The observed association between SSCP variants of $LH{\beta}$ gene with semen quality parameters and LH concentrations indicated the possibilities of using $LH{\beta}$ as a candidate gene for identification of markers for semen quality traits and LH concentrations in Murrah buffaloes.