• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to provide a comparison between the clinical outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and that of fibrinolysis followed by routine invasive treatment in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 184 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI or fibrinolysis followed by a routine invasive therapy were enrolled from 2004 to 2011, and their major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were compared. Results: Among the 184 patients, 146 patients received primary PCI and 38 patients received fibrinolysis. The baseline clinical characteristics were similar between both groups, except for triglyceride level ($68.1{\pm}66.62$ vs. $141.6{\pm}154.3mg/dL$, p=0.007) and high density lipoprotein level ($44.6{\pm}10.3$ vs. $39.5{\pm}8.1mg/dL$, p=0.005). The initial creatine kinase-MB level was higher in the primary PCI group ($71.5{\pm}114.2$ vs. $35.9{\pm}59.9ng/mL$, p=0.010). The proportion of pre-thrombolysis in MI 0 to 2 flow lesions (92.9% vs. 73.0%, p<0.001) was higher and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were administered more frequently in the primary PCI group. There was no difference in the 12-month clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality (9.9% vs. 8.8%, p=0.896), cardiac death (7.8% vs. 5.9%, p=0.845), non-fatal MI (1.4% vs. 2.9%, p=0.539), target lesion revascularization (5.7% vs. 2.9%, p=0.517), and stroke (0% vs. 0%). The MACEs free survival rate was similar for both groups (odds ratio, 0.792; 95% confidence interval, 0.317-1.980; p=0.618). The clinical outcome of thrombolysis was not inferior, even when compared with primary PCI performed within 90 minutes. Conclusion: Early fibrinolysis with optimal antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy followed by appropriate invasive procedure would be a comparable alternative to treatment of MI, especially in cases of shorter-symptom-to-door time.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 1999

T$_1$/T$_2$ weighted images are being used to give the characteristic contrast among the various tissues and the norma;/abnormal tissues. Abnormalities in tissues, in general, accompany the biochemical changes and eventually structural ones in which results in the change in T$_1$ and T$_2$ relaxation times of water protons. It has been suggested that the mapping of T$_1$/T$_2$ values may serve as a possible tool for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of abnormality. On reconstructing T$_1$/T$_2$ maps(or any other MR parametric map), only corresponding variables are to be varied, such as TE for T$_2$, TI or TR for T$_1$ and b-factor for diffusion images. But often the receiver gain is taken for the optimal usage of A/D converter, so that the set of the image data has different receiver gain. It must be corrected before any attempt to reconstruct the maps. Here we developed method of correcting receiver gain variation effect, using the standard deviation of noise on individual image. The resultant T$_1$ and T$_2$ values were very comparable to the other reported values.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the optimal electrolyte and bismuth concentrations using bismuth film electrode in laboratory and to confirm the possibilities of using this operational condition for heavy metals monitoring in field. In lab test, heavy metal measurement was not accurate more than 600 ppb when heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Zn) range 100~1,000 ppb was measured with bismuth 2,000 ppb. So, bismuth and heavy metal was reacted about 1:1 with ASV method. In electrolyte test, 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), 0.1 M chloroacetate buffer (pH 2.0), 0.1 M HCl (pH 2.0), 0.1 M $HNO_3$ (pH 2.0) was tested. As a results, 0.1 M acetate buffer was most suitable in ASV measurement with bismuth film electrode. In field application, Pb, Cd and Zn was measured respectively 36~45 ppb, 84~91 ppb, 90~98 ppb when heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Zn) 100 ppb was spiked in field sample. These results were identified of matrix effect in field sample, So relationship between heavy metal measurement and matrix effects will be studied.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the hot air drying characteristics of squash slices depending on the drying conditions (input air velocity, input air temperature, and sample thickness). Methods: The developed drying system was equipped with a controllable air blower and electric finned heater, drying chamber, and ventilation fan. Squash (summer squash called Korean zucchini) samples were cut into slices of two different thicknesses (5 and 10 mm). These were then dried at two different input air temperatures (60 and $70^{\circ}C$) and air velocities (5 and 7 m/s). Six well-known drying models were tested to describe the experimental drying data. A non-linear regression analysis was applied to determine model constants and statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination ($R^2$), reduced chi-square (${\chi}^2$), and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, the effective moisture diffusivity ($D_{eff}$) was estimated based on the curve of ln(MR) versus drying time. Results: The results clearly showed that drying time decreased with an increase in input air temperature. Slice thickness also affected the drying time. Air velocity had a greater influence on drying time at $70^{\circ}C$ than at $60^{\circ}C$ for both thicknesses. All drying models accurately described the drying curve of squash slices regardless of slice thickness and drying conditions; the Modified Henderson and Pabis model had the best performance with the highest R2 and the lowest RMSE values. The effective moisture diffusivity ($D_{eff}$) changes, obtained from Fick's diffusion method, were between $1.67{\times}10^{-10}$ and $7.01{\times}10^{-10}m^2/s$. The moisture diffusivity was increased with an increase in input air temperature, velocity, and thickness. Conclusions: The drying time of squash slices varied depending on input temperature, velocity, and thickness of slices. The further study is necessary to figure out optimal drying condition for squash slices with retaining its original quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate patterns of fortified food (FF) consumption and intake of vitamins and minerals from FFs among 577 Korean children (12.4 years of age) who attended elementary or middle school. FFs eaten by children as a snack were surveyed using the food record method during 3 days, including 2 week days and one weekend. As a result, 114 FF items were eaten by the children, and several kinds of nutrients such as vitamin A, D, E, B complex, C, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were fortified in these foods. Ca-FFs (65.8%) were most frequently consumed, followed by vitamin C-FFs (33.4%) and vitamin D-FFs (33.3%). The number of FF items in each food group was the most in the milk group (n=24, 21.0%), followed by the beverage group (n=19, 16.7%), and the cookie/bread/cake group (n=17, 14.9%). Fortified nutrients in FFs were in various combinations, but the major combination patterns were Ca, Ca plus vitamins, Ca plus vitamins plus other minerals, and Ca plus other minerals. Daily mean intakes of vitamins and minerals from the FFs were 66-300% more than those of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI ) or adequate intake (AI) for most vitamins and minerals. Daily maximum intakes (95th percentile) of vitamins and minerals from FFs were 1-15 times the RNI or AI for most vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral consumption ratios from each FF group were different according to the kind of fortified nutrient. For example, vitamin C was mostly eaten in fortified beverages (46-54%), and Fe was mostly eaten in fortified cookie/breads/cakes (87%). The above results show that FF consumption varied widely among the children, and that most of the children's foods were fortified with several vitamins and minerals without a common rule; thus, subjects risked over consuming vitamins and minerals by eating FFs. Therefore, practical guideline on FF use for children's optimal nutrition and health should be provided through nutrition education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1991

Developmental micropropagation method and somatic embryogenesis for hybrid poplars, Populns ehrarnericana Eco28, P. nigra ${\times}$ P. moximowiczii 62-9, were established using nodule culture system. Calli of Eco28 and 62-9 clone were initiated from leaf explant on the medium with 0.5mg/l and 2.0mg/l 2, 4-D, respectively. Cell suspension culture was established from callus derived from leaf explant culture. When suspended on MS medium with optimal combination of BA and NAA fine nodules were obtained after 2 weeks of culture. For shoot regeneration, nodules were transferred into liquid and agar solidified medium. Numerous shoots were regenerated from nodules of 62-9 on liquid media. Organogenesis was effectively achieved on agar solidified regeneration media containing different concentrations of BA and adenine sulfate. Average numbers of 27 and 24 shoots per nodule were induced from 62-1 and Eco28 clones after 8 weeks of culture, respectively. In addition, somatic embryogenesis also occurred in the same regeneration medium. This procedure can be applied to vegetative propagation, utilization of somaclonal variation, production of secondary metabolite and materials of biotechnology research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.337-343
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• 2014

The PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) in material or immaterial guided tracks is operated automatically according to the needs of passengers with the optimal non-stop path from the source to the destination. In recent years, the personal rapid transit (PRT) system, which affords superior accessibility and ease of use, has been spotlighted as a new transport system for the future. In this study, a method for vertical lifting of PRT vehicles was proposed to facilitate interlink with other means of transport and thereby improve the efficiency of door-to-door transport. For this purpose, operation control interfaces were designed and experiments were conducted. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) dedicated for the PRT vertical lift was designed to interface with Operation Control Center (OCC) by Modbus TCP over Ethernet. We implemented a 3D graphical PRT operation simulator which can emulate the mixing operation of the virtual vehicles and the actual vehicles.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.881-915
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• 2012

These days, according as the role and function of science and technology become a important solving means of various national and social problems caused in knowledge information society as well as the development of national economy, the national target and mission of science and technology have been newly illuminated. The task of science and technology has embodied into national policies, and these policies acquired institutional foundation through the legal system related to science and technology. Recently, the discussions about the operating system of present science and technology legislation are often happened, if or not the legal system is optimal and appropriate itself under the changed environment. In special, some issues are raised continuously, for example, about the improvement of coordination system on S&T policies, and the governance system on national R&D programs, etc. This paper aims to research and suggest the reorganization method of science and technology law. For this purpose, the development and existing state of S&T legislation was investigated, the government role and policy driving direction were reviewed under the recent changed environment, and the problems of S&T law in structure and content were analyzed in variety of perspectives. On this basis, the reorganization methods of science and technology law are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6360-6367
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• 2015

The location selection of the element that should guarantee easy visual perception, like the landmark, is the a topic that appears much in the design process. Recently, a graph analysis technique using computers has been applied in order to evaluate the visibility of the visual element, but the analytic frame is flat and the setting of the visual pont and the matrix are fixed so there were great limitations in obtaining the results of the practical analysis. Thus, this study presented Nondirectional Multi-Dimensional Calculation (MDVC-N), an analytic methodology available for the analysis of the dynamic visual point in the 3D environment. It thus attempted to establish the analytic application using the 3D computer graphics technology and designed a script structure to set the visual point and the matrix. In addition to that, this study tried to verify the analytic methodology by applying the complex land as an example model, where buildings in various heights of terrains with a high-differences are located, verifying the same analytic methodology. It thus tried to identify the visual characteristics of each alternative location. The following results were gained from the study. 1) The visibility can be measured quantitatively trough the application of the 6-alternatives. 2) Using the 3dimensional graph, intuitive analysis was possible. 3) It attempted to improve the analytic applicability by calculating the results corrected as a variable behavior from the local integration variable of the space syntax.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2006

We isolated a bacterium which produces antifungal substances from the Sanktpeterburg soils at Russia. The iso-lated strain was identified as Brevibacillus sp. and shown a strong antifungal activity on plant pathogenic fungi. Brevibacillus sp. KMU-391 produced maximum level of antifungal substances under incubation aerobically at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours in trypticase soybean broth containing 1.0% sucrose and 1.0% polypeptone at 180 rpm and initiated pH adjusted to 7.0. Precipitate of culture broth by $30{\sim}60%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation exhibited strong antifungal activity against Didymella bryoniae by dry cell weight. Butanol extract of cultured broth also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Botrytis fabae KACC 40962, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KACC 40804, Colletotrichum orbiculare KACC 40808, Didymella bryoniae KACC 40669, Fusarium graminearum KACC 41040, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40037, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40052, Fusarium oxysporum f, sp. radicis-Iycopersici KACC 40537, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40902, Monosporascus cannonballus KACC 40940, Phytophthora camvibora KACC 40160, Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA) KACC 40101, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and Scleotinia scleotiorum KACC 41065 by agar diffusion method.