• 제목/요약/키워드: D-STTD

검색결과 11건 처리시간 0.039초

반복 알고리즘을 적용한 D-STTD 시스템의 검출 기법 제안 및 성능 분석 (The Proposal and Performance Analysis for the Detection Scheme of D-STTD using Iterative Algorithm)

  • 윤길상;이정환;유철우;황인태
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제33권9A호
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    • pp.917-923
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    • 2008
  • D-STTD 시스템은 Alamouti Code로 알려진 STTD기법을 적용하여 다이버시티 효과를 획득하면서 STTD기법을 병렬로 한번 더 사용함으로써 멀티플렉싱 효과도 얻을 수 있는 기법이다. 이러한 서로 다른 정보를 보내는 멀티플렉싱 효과로 인해 D-STTD는 기존 STTD 기법의 Combining 기법을 적용하는데 어려움을 가져온다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 MMSE 기법을 바탕으로 멀티플렉싱 검출 기법으로 잘 알려진 Linear 알고리즘, SIC 알고리즘, OSIC 알고리즘을 D-STTD 시스템에 적용하고 그 성능을 비교한다. 그리고 새롭게 MAP 알고리즘을 D-STTD 시스템에 적용하여 성능을 분석하고자 한다. 모의 실험 결과, Linear MMSE Detector보다 반복 알고리즘을 적용한 Detector가 최대 3.7dB의 성능향상을 보였다. 특히, 반복 Detector 중 MAP 알고리즘을 적용한 경우에는 약 4.4dB의 성능차까지 나타냈다.

AMC기법을 적용한 D-STTD 통신 시스템의 성능 분석 (A Throughput Analysis of the D-STTD Communication System with AMC Scheme)

  • 이정환;윤길상;유철우;황인태
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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    • 제45권9호
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 AMC(Adaptive Modulation and Coding)기법을 적용한 D-STTD(Double-Space Time Transmit Diversity) 통신 시스템을 제안하고, 모의실험을 통해 그 성능을 분석한다. AMC기법은 채널 응답의 정보를 바탕으로 적절한 채널 코딩율과 변조 기법을 선택하여 신호를 전송하는 기법으로 에러율과 전송률의 적절한 조화를 이끌어내어 전체 시스템의 전송률과 전송품질의 향상을 가져온다. D-STTD기법은 기존의 STTD(Space Time Transmit Diversity)기법을 전송률 측면에서 보완한 기법으로 STTD기법에 비해 약 2배의 전송률 향상을 가져온다. 모의실험 결과, SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)이 좋아질수록 높은 MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme)레벨을 선택하는 확률이 높아지는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, AMC기법을 적용한 D-STTD 통신 시스템은 AMC기법을 적용하지 않은 D-STTD 통신 시스템에 비해 전 SNR구간에서 고른 전송률 분포를 나타냈다. 또한 AMC기법을 적용한 D-STTD 통신 시스템은 기존 AMC 통신 시스템, 혹은 AMC기법이 적용된 STTD 통신 시스템보다 2배 높은 최대 전송률을 나타내었다.

Performance Analysis of Iterative Detection Scheme for the D-STTD System

  • Yoon, Gil-Sang;Lee, Jeong-Hwan;Cho, In-Sik;Seo, Chang-Woo;Ryoo, Sang-Jin;You, Cheol-Woo;Hwang, In-Tae
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2009
  • This paper combines various detection techniques and analyzes their performances in detecting the transmission information of the D-STTD scheme that uses, in parallel, the STTD scheme known as the Alamouti code. The D-STTD scheme adopts one of the STTD schemes for transmission to acquire diverse effects and uses another form of STTD for multiplexing effects. Due to the multiplexing effect that transmits different data, it is difficult to apply D-STTD to the conventional STTD combining technique. This paper combines the D-STTD system with linear algorithm, SIC algorithm and OSIC algorithm known as multiplexing detection scheme based on MMSE scheme. And we propose the detection scheme of the D-STTD using MAP algorithm and analyze the performance of each system. The simulation results showed that the detector using iterative algorithm has better performance than Linear MMSE Detector. Especially, we can show that the detector using MAP algorithm outperforms conventional detector.

STTD 수신기를 채용하는 이동 멀티미디어 통신 시스템의 성능 분석 (Performance Analysis of Mobile Multimedia Communication System with STTD Receiver)

  • 우병훈;백승선;강희조
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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    • pp.551-555
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 이동 멀티미디어 통신을 위해 송신 다이버시티 STTD(Space Time Transmit Diversity)기법을 적용하였을 경우 발생하는 송신 안테나 상호간의 간섭을 제거 하기 위해 새로운 수신기를 제안하고 이를 적용한 DS-CDMA/QPSK STTD 시스템의 성능을 모의실험으로 확인하였다. 모의실험 결과 제안된 수신기를 적용한 시스템의 성능이 0.5∼2 dB 정도의 성능 개선이 있음을 알수 있었다.

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W-CDMA 4${\times}$1 Downlink 적용을 위한 4-STTD 기법 (The Technique of 4-STTD for Application of W-CDMA 4${\times}$l Downlink)

  • 박현수;민병택;전준수;류중찬;김철성
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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    • pp.87-90
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    • 2004
  • This paper proposes 4-STTD(4${\times}$l) technique for the shake of application of W-CDMA which expand Alamouti STTD(2${\times}$l) technique. As the result of analyzing 4-STTD(4${\times}$l) technique proposed in this paper, we can see improvement of quality by approximately 2.2 dB rather than Alamouti STTD(2${\times}$l) technique

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Additivity of values for phosphorus digestibility in corn, soybean meal, and canola meal in diets fed to growing pigs

  • She, Yue;Wang, Qiuyun;Stein, Hans H.;Liu, Ling;Li, Defa;Zhang, Shuai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권8호
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    • pp.1301-1307
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was conducted to determine the apparent and standardized total tract digestibility (ATTD and STTD) of phosphorus (P) in corn, soybean meal (SBM), and canola meal (CM), and additivity of values for ATTD and STTD of P in corn, SBM, and CM in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six growing barrows (initial body weight of $21.6{\pm}1.7kg$) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to a completely randomized design with 6 diets and 6 pigs per diet. Six diets were formulated using corn, SBM or CM as the sole source of P, or corn and SBM, or corn and CM, or corn, SBM, and CM as the P source in each diet, respectively. Fecal samples were collected for 5 d following a 7 d adaptation period to the diets. Results: Values for ATTD and STTD of P in corn, SBM, and CM in growing pigs were 33.12% and 37.76%, 50.19% and 56.62%, 34.93% and 39.45%, respectively. The ATTD and STTD of P in SBM were greater (p<0.05) than those in corn and CM. However, there were no differences in the ATTD or STTD of P between corn and CM. The determined STTD of P in the mixture of corn and SBM, corn and CM, and corn, SBM, and CM is not different from the calculated STTD values. Conclusion: Values for STTD of P in corn, SBM, and CM are additive in their mixture fed to growing pigs.

Evaluation of an Efficient Channel Estimator for the STTD Schemes

  • Kim, Seong-Hwan;Na, Cheol-Hun;Ryoo, Sang-Jin;Hwang, In-Tae
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2007
  • This paper evaluates the performance combining space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and an efficient channel estimator (ECE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems in various mobile channels. Using decision variable (DV), we also derive the analytic bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) for WCDMA applying ECE for STTD schemes. The simulation results show that the ECE performance is superior to the previous works in [1] as because we use additional pilot diversity which is so called secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH). The performance in case of the channel estimator using only one-channel or two-channel is worse than that of an ECE as about the maximum 4 dB at BER 1.0E-3 satisfying voice service over Rician fading channel. Our results show that, even with ICE, an ECE algorithm are effective in improving the output SNR and significantly reduce the error floor. In addition, the simulation results investigated in this paper also reveal that WCDMA combining an ECE and the STTD scheme could provide appreciable performance improvements in Rayleigh fading channel.

차세대 MIMO 이동통신에서 적응변조시스템의 성능분석 (Adaptive Modulation and Coding of MIMO in Next Generation Mobile Systems)

  • 강성진;장태원;유영환;황인태;강민구;강창언
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제4권5호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 CDMA 시스템에서 적응 변조 및 부호화 (AMC) 기법의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로서 기지국과 단말기 간에 개루프 및 폐루프 전송 다이버시티를 적용하였다. 이는 전송 다이버시티를 적용하여 수신 단의 신호 대 잡음비 (SNR)를 개선함으로써, 보다 높은 전송률을 지원하는 변조 및 부호화 레벨이 선택될 확률을 증가시키고 이에 따른 평균 전송률의 이득을 얻고자 하는 것이다. 개루프 전송 다이버시티로는 시공간 블록 부호화 기반 전송 다이버시티 (STTD) 기법을, 폐루프 전송 다이버시티로는 선택적 전송 다이버시티 (STD) 기법을 적용하였다. 모의 실험 결과, AMC 기법과 전송 다이버시티를 결합함으로써 기존 시스템에 비하여 향상된 전송률을 얻을 수 있었다. 단일 경로 레일리 페이딩 채널 환경에서 두 개의 전송 안테나를 사용한 AMC-STTD는 9dB신호 대 잡음비에 대하여 기존의 AMC 기법보다 약 250kbps의 전송률 이득을 보였다. 또한 두 개의 전송 안테나를 사용한 AMC-STD의 경우는 역시 9dB 신호 대 잡음비에서 약 420kbps의 전송률 이득이 얻어짐을 확인하였다.

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Dose-dependent effects of a microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility of common feedstuffs in pigs

  • Almeida, Ferdinando N.;Vazquez-Anon, Mercedes;Escobar, Jeffery
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.985-993
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate increasing doses of a novel microbial phytase (Cibenza Phytaverse, Novus International, St. Charles, MO, USA) on standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in canola meal (CM), corn, corn-derived distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), rice bran (RB), sorghum, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), and wheat. Methods: Two cohorts of 36 pigs each (initial body weight = $78.5{\pm}3.7kg$) were randomly assigned to 2 rooms, each housing 36 pigs, and then allotted to 6 diets with 6 replicates per diet in a randomized complete block design. Test ingredient was the only dietary source of P and diets contained 6 concentrations of phytase (0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase units [FTU]/kg) with 0.4% of $TiO_2$ as a digestibility marker. Feeding schedule for each ingredient was 5 d acclimation, 5 d fecal collection, and 4 d washout. The STTD of P increased (linear or exponential $p{\leq}0.001$) with the inclusion of phytase for all ingredients. Results: Basal STTD of P was 37.6% for CM, 37.6% for corn, 68.6% for DDGS, 10.3% for RB, 41.2% for sorghum, 36.7% for SBM, 26.2% for SFM, and 55.1% for wheat. The efficiency of this novel phytase to hydrolyze phytate is best described with a broken-line model for corn, an exponential model for CM, RB, SBM, SFM, and wheat, and a linear model for DDGS and sorghum. Based on best-fit model the phytase dose (FTU/kg) needed for highest STTD of P (%), respectively, was 735 for 64.3% in CM, 550 for 69.4% in corn, 160 for 55.5% in SBM, 1,219 for 57.8% in SFM, and 881 for 64.0% in wheat, whereas a maximum response was not obtained for sorghum, DDGS and RB within the evaluated phytase range of 0 to 2,000 FTU/kg. These differences in the phytase concentration needed to maximize the STTD of P clearly indicate that the enzyme does not have the same hydrolysis efficiency among the evaluated ingredients. Conclusion: Variations in enzyme efficacy to release P from phytate in various feedstuffs need to be taken into consideration when determining the matrix value for phytase in a mixed diet, which likely depends on the type and inclusion concentration of ingredients used in mixed diets for pigs. The use of a fixed P matrix value across different diet types for a given phytase concentration is discouraged as it may result in inaccurate diet formulation.

도심환경에서 각도-시간 송신다이버시티의 성능분석 (Performance Analysis of Angle Time Transmit Diversity in Urban Area)

  • 박병훈
    • 전기학회논문지P
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    • 제60권4호
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    • pp.200-205
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    • 2011
  • In multipath fading channel, diversity is essential to mitigate the impairments. In this paper, we have proposed the angle diversity scheme called ATTD(Angle Time Transmit Diversity) instead of Alamouti's STTD(Space Time Transmit Diversity) and have analyzed the performance of the proposed scheme when signal powers caused by the transmission to different angles are different. Based on it, we have measured the wireless vector-channel in the urban area, which has lots of high-story buildings, using the data collected from the 8 by 4 smart array antenna system that we made. According to the measured data, the received signals from different angles have different signal powers. Our performance analysis results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than the space diversity scheme when the received path signal power is at least -7dB compare to the strongest path signal power.