• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2008

Objectives In human myeloid leukemia cells, there are no specific features of apoptosis compared with apoptosis in other cell types. Solanum nigrum L.(SNL) is a deciduous tree, which is widely distributed in Korea with reported anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and non-specific immune-enhancing properties. Although the plant has been clinically used for treating a variety of diseases, its bioactive ingredients are unknown and its mode of action potential has never been investigated. Thus anti-tumor property of methanol extract was investigated. Methods In this study, anti-tumor property of methanol extract was investigated by determining its in vitro growth-inhibitory effects on human myeloid leukemia cells. XTT proliferation assay, DNA fragmentation, immunoblot analysis, densitometric analysis were used. Results 1. The methanol fraction of the extracts of SNL induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells. 2. The methanol fraction exhibited relatively higher cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner than chloroform, and hexane fraction. 3. Typical ladder profile of Oligonucleosomal fragments were appeared. 4. The secreted cytosolic cytochrome C level was increased by treatment of methanol fraction. Conclusions Methanol fraction of SNL is capable of inducing apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

Genetic variation was surveyed at four microsatellite loci and 1416 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) to clarify the genetic structure of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the Yellow and East China Seas, especially regarding four provisional populations, (one Korean and three Chinese populations). Based on microsatellite DNA variations, the estimated expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) in each population ranged from 0.776 to 0.947. The microsatellite pairwise $F_{ST}$ estimates showed no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. MtDNA variations also indicated no genetic structure in L. polyactis, but very high variability. The absence of genetic differentiation among and within populations of L. polyactis may either result from the random migration of the adult or the passive dispersal of the eggs and larvae.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

The present-day genetic structure of macroalgal species reflects both geographical history and oceanic circulation patterns as well as anthropogenic introduction across native ranges. To precisely understand the genetic diversity and how the factors shape the current population structure of Gloiopeltis furcata sensu lato, we determined the mitochondrial 5' end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) sequences for 677 individuals sampled from 67 sites spanning almost the entire distribution range in Korea and Japan. Results from the phylogenetic analysis and haplotype distribution revealed eleven distinct lineages within G. furcata s.l. along the Korea-Japan coastal areas and displayed divergent phylogeographic patterns among lineages. Despite the closely related lineages distributed in same habitats as high rocky intertidal zone, they display different phylogeographic patterns among lineages. The populations from the south of Korea-Japan harbored the highest genetic diversity and unique endemism in comparison with other populations in the distribution range. This could be the evidence of southern refugia for G. furcata s.l. in the Northwest (NW) Pacific and the recent migration from native to introduced region. The reason is that an exceptional distribution pattern was found high genetic diversity in Hakodate of Japan where is the northern location in the NW Pacific. Our results imply the contemporary influence on the distribution due to current circulation pattern and anthropogenic effects. These phylogeographic findings provide the important insight into cryptic species diversity and the detailed distribution pattern of Gloiopeltis in the NW Pacific.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

The induction of detoxification enzymes by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and its synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) conjugate (NAC-BITC) was examined in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. BITC and NAC-BITC inhibited Hepa1c1c7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Cell growth was 4.5~57.2% lower in Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with $0.1{\sim}1.0{\mu}M$ BITC than in control-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells. The NAC-BITC treatment had a similar inhibitory pattern on Hepa1c1c7 cell growth; $0.5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC decreased cell growth by 13.6% and 47.4%, respectively. Treatment of Hepa1c1c7 cells with $0.1{\sim}2.0{\mu}M$ BITC also elicited a dose-response effect on the induction of quinone reductase quinone reductase (QR) activity and QR mRNA expression. Treatment with $1{\mu}M$ and $2{\mu}M$ BITC caused 1.8- and 2.8-fold inductions of QR mRNA, respectively. By comparison, treatment with $1{\mu}M$ and $2{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC caused 1.6-and 1.9-fold inductions of QR mRNA, respectively. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP2E1 induction were lower in $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}M$ BITC-treated cells than in control-treated cells. CYP2E1 activity was 1.2-fold greater in $0.1{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC-treated cells than in control-treated cells. However, the CYP2E1 activity of cells treated with higher concentrations (i.e., $1{\sim}2{\mu}M$) of NAC-BITC was similar to the activity of control-treated cells. Considering the potential of isothiocyanatesto prevent cancer, these results provide support for the use of BITC and NAC-BITC conjugates as chemopreventive agents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

This is the first study to report Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) and Lucilia porphyrina (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as forensically important blow fly species from human cadavers in Thailand, in addition to Chrysomya villeneuvi (Patton) already known in Thailand. In 2016, a fully decomposed body of an unknown adult male was discovered in a high mountainous forest during winter in Chiang Mai province. The remains were infested heavily with thousands of blow fly larvae feeding simultaneously on them. Morphological identification of adults reared from the larvae, and molecular analysis based on sequencing of 1,247 bp partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) of the larvae and puparia, confirmed the above mentioned 3 species. The approving forensic fly evidence by molecular approach was described for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the CO1 was performed to compare the relatedness of the species, thereby affirming the accuracy of identification. As species of entomofauna varies among cases in different geographic and climatic circumstances, C. pinguis and L. porphyrina were added to the list of Thai forensic entomology caseworks, including colonizers of human remains in open, high mountainous areas during winter. Further research should focus on these 3 species, for which no developmental data are currently available.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2011

The molecular mechanisms of apoptotic induction by benzyldihydroxyoctenone (BDH), a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp., have been previously published in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Apoptotic induction of BDH-treated LNCaP cells was associated with downregulation of Bcl-xL that caused, in turn, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and activation of procaspases and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the patterns of apoptotic induction by BDH in non-prostate, ovarian cancer PA-1 (androgen-independent and -insensitive) cells and prostate cancer cells with different androgen responsiveness, such as C4-2 (androgen-independent and -sensitive), 22Rv1 (androgen-dependent and -low sensitive), and LNCaP (androgen-dependent and -high sensitive) cells. We found that BDH-treated LNCaP cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in a time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis via downregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), as well as antiapoptotic Bcl-xL protein. However, the levels of BDH-mediated apoptotic induction and growth inhibition in 22Rv1 cells were apparently lower than those of LNCaP cells. In contrast, the induction of apoptosis and antiproliferative effect in BDH-treated non-prostate cancer PA-1 and hormone refractory C4-2 cells were not detectable and marginal, respectively. Therefore, BDH-mediated differential apoptotic induction and growth inhibition in a cell type seem to be obviously dependent on its androgen responsiveness; primarily on androgen-dependency, and then on androgensensitivity.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.249-264
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• 2022

Two genera of the Rhodymeniales, Halopeltis and Leptofauchea, are here reported for the first time from the Hawaiian Islands and represent the deepest records for both genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), rbcL, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequences for Hawaiian specimens of Leptofauchea revealed one well-supported clade of Hawaiian specimens and three additional lineages. One of these clades is described here as Leptofauchea huawelau sp. nov., and is thus far known only from mesophotic depths at Penguin Bank in the Main Hawaiian Islands. L. huawelau sp. nov. is up to 21 cm, and is the largest known species. An additional lineage identified in the LSU and rbcL analyses corresponds to the recently described L. lucida from Western Australia, and is a new record for Hawai'i. Hawaiian Halopeltis formed a well-supported clade along with H. adnata from Korea, the recently described H. tanakae from mesophotic depths in Japan, and H. willisii from North Carolina, and is here described as Halopeltis nuahilihilia sp. nov. H. nuahilihilia sp. nov. has a distinctive morphology of narrow vegetative axes that harbor constrictions along their length. The current distribution of H. nuahilihilia includes mesophotic depths around W. Maui, W. Moloka'i, and the island of Hawai'i in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Few reproductive characters were observed because of the small number of specimens available; however, both species are distinct based on phylogeny and morphology. These descriptions further emphasize the Hawaiian mesophotic zone as a location harboring many undescribed species of marine macroalgae.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 2018년 2~3월 제주도 남부해역에서 Bathylagidae에 속하는 Lipolagus ochotensis 자어 4개체(체장 13.4~21.3 mm)를 봉고네트로 채집하였다. L. ochotensis 자어는 몸이 길게 신장되었으며, 체고는 낮고, 눈이 돌출되며, 몸의 후반부에 흑색소포가 나 있고, 등지느러미가 몸 중앙에 위치하는 특징을 가진다. 미토콘드리아 DNA COI의 염기서열 625 bp를 분석한 결과, L. ochotensis 성어와 97.6%로 매우 가깝게 나타났다. 국내 처음 보고되는 본 종의 새로운 과명으로 "심해빙어과", 속명으로 "검은빙어속", 국명으로 "검은뺨빙어"를 각각 제안한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2007

Overdoses of acetaminophen cause hepato-renal oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of a 43 kDa protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus, against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Male albino mice were treated with the protein for 4 days (intraperitoneally, 2 mg/kg body wt) prior or post to oral administration of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg body wt) for 2 days. Levels of different marker enzymes (namely, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured in the experimental sera. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and total antioxidant activity were also determined from acetaminophen and protein treated hepatocytes. Indices of different antioxidant enzymes (namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase) as well as lipid peroxidation end-products and glutathione were determined in both liver and kidney homogenates. In addition, Cytochrome P450 activity was also measured from liver microsomes. Finally, histopathological studies were performed from liver sections of control, acetaminophen-treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with acetaminophen) mice. Administration of acetaminophen increased all the serum markers and creatinine levels in mice sera along with the enhancement of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation. Besides, application of acetaminophen to hepatocytes increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced the total antioxidant activity of the treated hepatocytes. It also reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes and cellular reserves of glutathione in liver and kidney. In addition, acetaminophen enhanced the cytochrome P450 activity of liver microsomes. Treatment with the protein significantly reversed these changes to almost normal. Apart from these, histopathological changes also revealed the protective nature of the protein against acetaminophen induced necrotic damage of the liver tissues. Results suggest that the protein protects hepatic and renal tissues against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector against acetaminophen induced hepato-nephrotoxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.779-788
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• 2005

목 적 : Echinacea는 면역증강제로 이미 사용되고 있는 재래 식물로서 최근에 Echinacea의 추출물로 단구를 중심으로 면역세포들에 의한 면역증강효과에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 단구와 수지상세포에서 Echinacea에 의해 유전자의 발현이 증가되는 면역관련 유전자들을 cDNA microarray chip을 사용하여 선별하고 이들을 토대로 Echinacea의 면역증강 효과에 대한 연구를 할 때 기초 자료가 되고자 하였다. 방 법 : 실험 1과 2는 3명의 공여자의 말초혈 단구로 실험하였는데 실험 1은 단구에 최종 농도가 $50{\mu}g/mL$ 되게 Echinacea를 첨가하여 1일간 배양하였고, 실험 2는 실험 1의 대조군으로서 Echinacea를 첨가하지 않고 배양하였다. 실험 3과 4는 2명의 공여자의 단구로 실험하였는데 실험 3은 GM-CSF와 IL-4를 첨가하여 5일간 배양시켜 수지상세포로 분화시킨 뒤 Echinacea를 첨가하여 1일간 더 배양시켰고, 실험 4는 실험 3의 대조군으로서 수지상세포로 분화시킨 뒤 Echinacea를 첨가하지 않고 1 일간 더 배양하였다. Echinacea에 의한 단구와 수지상세포의 유전자발현 효과를 알아보기 위해서 cDNA microarray chip을 이용하여 대조군에 대한 실험군의 각 유전자의 발현비를 구하였다. Echinacea를 첨가하지 않은 단구(실험 2의 단구)에 대한 Echinacea를 첨가한 단구(실험 1의 단구)의 각 유전자들의 발현 비를 구하였고, Echinacea를 첨가하지 않은 수지상세포(실험 4의 수지상세포)에 대한 Echinacea를 첨가한 수지상세포(실험 3의 수지상세포)의 각 유전자들의 발현비를 구하였다. 여기서 실험 1과 2에서는 세 공여자의 단구에서 나온 유전자 발현비의 결과를, 실험 3과 4에서는 두 공여자의 수지상세포에서 나온 유전자 발현비의 결과를 평균하여 그 발현비가 2.5 이상 되는 것을 의미있게 발현된 유전자로 보았다. 결 과 : Echinacea를 첨가하지 않은 단구를 대조군으로 하여 Echinacea를 첨가한 단구의 유전자 발현비가 2.5 이상으로 증가한 것들 중 면역과 관계된 유전자들은 17개였다. Echinacea를 첨가하지 않은 수지상세포를 대조군으로 하여 Echinacea를 첨가한 수지상세포의 유전자 발현비가 2.5 이상으로 증가한 것들 중 면역과 관계된 유전자들은 24개였고, 실험에 사용한 수지상세포들은 모두 미성숙 수지상세포의 특징적인 표면항원들을 가지고 있음을 유세포 분석으로 확인하였다. Echinacea가 단구와 수지상세포 둘 다에서 의미있게 유전자발현비가 증가된 것들이 7개 있었는데, 이들은 CD44, IFI 30, MRC 1, CCR 7, CLK 2, syntenin, cytochrome C oxidase subunit VIII 등의 유전자들이었다. 특히 발현비가 3.5 이상으로 높은 유전자들을 그 발현비 순으로 나열하면 단구에서는 IFI 30, CLK 2, syntenin, superoxide dismutase 2 등 4개의 유전자들이 있었고, 수지상세포에서는 somatomedin A, methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3, IFI 30, small inducible cytokine subfamily A(Cys-Cys), member 22, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 6, hexosaminidase B, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor epsilon, CCR 7 등 8개의 유전자들이 있었다. 결 론 : 본 연구는 Echinacea가 $CD14^+$ 단구 및 수지상세포에서 발현을 증가시키는 면역관련 유전자들을 cDNA microarray chip을 이용하여 검색하였고, 향후 이 유전자들을 기초로 정량적이고 기능적으로 분석할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다.