• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2020

Ultrasonography is used to examine gross or microscopic hematuria without side effects. It is one of the methods of diagnosing bladder lesions, but in some cases, the lesions are not found. We attempted to identify the problems during the ultrasonic examination by analyzing the symptoms, location of lesion, and medical history of urothelial cancer for cases of undetected bladder lesions. Thirty-three patients who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor from January 1 to May 4, 2018 in one hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients who underwent preoperative ultrasonography and cystoscopy were treated. Ultrasonography did not detect bladder lesions in five patients. The size of the lesion was 0.5~2.5 cm in various locations, such as the side, front, and so on. Ultrasonic examination requires more attention if there is gross hematuria or a history of urothelial cancer, and it is necessary to detect recurrence by conducting cystoscopy at the same time, especially when there are lesions on the anterior wall of the bladder.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 1998

Hinman syndrome is a condition representing urinary voiding dysfunction in the neurologically intact child. The syndrome is probably caused by acquired behavioral and psychosocial disorders manifested by bladder and/or bowel dysfunction mimicking neurologic disease. Clinically, the symptom complex may include day and night time enuresis, encopresis, constipation, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy frequently demonstrates normal vesicourethral anatomy. Voiding films usually demonstarate a carrot-shaped proximal urethra with a persistent narrowing at the external sphincter. The bladder is large and often appears trabeculated with a thickened wall and significant postvoid residual. A 13-year-old male child was admitted due to fever, urinary tract infection, enuresis and flank pain. His neurologic examination was normal. Renal sonograms showed moderate hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrograms showed a huge, trabeculated bladder without vesicourethral reflux and urethral valves. No abnormal findings was found in spinal MRI.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2014

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men and women and thus has a profound impact on health care. The majority of patients (75%) with newly diagnosed urothelial tumors have non-muscle invasive disease confined to the bladder mucosa or the lamina propria. The most important risk factors for the development of bladder cancer are smoking and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Painless visible hematuria is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are currently the recommended tools for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Excluding muscle invasion is an important diagnostic step, as outcomes for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are less favorable. For non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the high rate and frequency of recurrence and the concern for disease progression - especially in patients with high-risk tumors - mandate careful strategies for tumor surveillance. The surveillance strategies should be based on available prognostic factors and in particular data from the EORTC risk tables.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2009

Obturator nerve block has been used for analgesia of hip pain, relaxation of adductor muscle spasm related to cerebral palsy or paraplegia and in urologic surgery to prevent inadvertent obturator activity during lateral wall cystoscopy. Recently, ultrasound guidance has gained popularity in the field of peripheral nerve block and have been reported in some benefits. We describe here successfully performed both obturator nerve block under ultrasound guidance.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-156
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• 2007

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare but important entity. We experienced a case of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder diagnosed by urine cytology. A 59-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and dysuria, and a calcified mass was detected at the left ureterovesical junction by cystoscopy. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed focal wall thickening at the left lateral side of the urinary bladder, and urine cytology findings were of an inflammatory background and atypical small round cells with minute hyperchromatic or pyknotic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and rare nucleoli. In addition, atypical cells were scattered in an isolated single cell pattern or in small loose clusters with prominent nuclear molding. Subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5107-5110
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• 2013

Background: Among women with haematuria, defining individuals under high risk for bladder cancer based on reproductive factors prior to cystoscopy would be of great benefit in the management of this condition. The aim of this study was to compare age and reproductive factors such as menopausal status, parity, age at first delivery and age at the last delivery between women who have haematuria with or without bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 463 patients underwent diagnostic cystoscopy in D$\ddot{u}$zce University Faculty of Medicine between 1 June 2008 and 1 June 2013. Female patients who presented with persistent microscopic or macroscopic haematuria and underwent standard evaluation for haematuria including urinalysis, urine culture, urine cytology, urinary tract imaging with excretory urography or computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were tobacco use and high risk occupations for bladder cancer such as textile, dry cleaning, painting and etc. Forteen women had hematuria due to benign conditions, and 18 due to bladder cancer. Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of Duzce University Hospital. Results: Patients with haematuria due to benign reasons did not significantly differ from patients who were found to have bladder cancer in terms of age (p=0.28), menopausal status (p=0.29), mean parity (p=0.38), being nulliparous (p=0.57), parity ${\geq}3$ (p=0.22), age ${\leq}18$ years at first delivery (p=1.00), age ${\geq}30$ years at last delivery (p=0.26), age ${\geq}35$ years at last delivery (p=0.23) and percentage of the patients with advanced age (${\geq}65$ years) (p=0.18). Conclusions: It is difficult to predict a high risk for developing bladder cancer in women with haematuria based solely on reproductive factors.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.57-59
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• 2010

A 59-year-old Korean man complained of a painless scrotal hard nodule and weak urine stream. The ultrasound scan revealed a 2.2-cm sized round heteroechogenic nodule located in the extratesticular area. Microscopic hematuria was detected in routine laboratory examinations. On scrotal exploration, multiple spargana were incidentally found in the mass and along the left spermatic cord. On cystoscopy, a 10-mm sized mucosal elevation was found in the right side of the bladder dome. After transurethral resection of the covered mucosa, larval tapeworms were removed from inside of the nodule by forceps. Plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei was confirmed morphologically and also by PCR-sequencing analysis from the extracted tissue of the urinary bladder. So far as the literature is concerned, this is the first worm (PCR)-proven case of sparganosis in the urinary bladder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2871-2877
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• 2015

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a malignant neoplasm that most commonly occurs in the urinary bladder. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features, recurrence and progression in patients with bladder urothelial cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with UC in the state pathology laboratory between January 2006 and July 2014 were retrospectively included. Carcinomas were categorized according to age, gender, histologic grade, tumor configuration, pathologic staging, recurrence status, and progression. Results: A total of 125 (113 men, 12 women) patients were examined. The mean age was 65.9 years and the male-to-female urothelial cancer incidence ratio was 9.4:1. Low-grade UCs were observed in 85 (68%) and high-grade in 40 (32%). A papillary tumor pattern was observed in 67.2% of the UCs. Cases were classified with the following pathological grades: 34 (27.2%) cases of pTa, 70 (56%) of pT1, and 21 (16.8%) of pT2. Recurrence occurred in 27 (21.6%) patients. Ten progressed to a higher stage (pT1 to pT2), and three cases to higher grade (low to high). We also analyzed the results separately for 70 (56%) patients 65 years of age and older. Conclusions: With early detection and diagnosis of precursor lesions in older patients, by methods such as standard urologic evaluation, urinary cytology, ultrasound scanning and contrast urography, and cystoscopy, in addition to coordinated efforts between pathologists and urologists, early diagnosis may reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with urothelial carcinoma.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2007

The authors applied anterior sagittal transrectal apporach (ASTRA) for the repair of urethrovaginal fistula which developed after total repair of persistent cloaca. The patient had been diagnosed to have persistent cloaca, double uterus and double vagina, and received PSARP, excision of right-side uterus and vagina, and left vaginal switch operation at 22 months old. After operation, the patient admitted several times due to frequent urinary tract infection and ectopic stone formation in bladder and neovagina. Urethro-neovaginal fistula was confirmed by cystoscopy and corrected with ASTRA. Postoperative voiding cystourethrogram showed no fistula tract. ASTRA showed improved surgical field, minimized ureterocystic damage, and preserved perirectal nerve due to limited incision of rectum.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 1995

Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional ceil carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology un the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis, The overall incidence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.