• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-57
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• 2019

Most banks in Korea have provided Internet banking services based on PKI(Public Key Infrastructure) certificates since the early 2000s when Internet banking began in Korea. To support PKI Internet banking, the Korean government backed the electronic signature law and supported the rapid spread of PKI-based Internet banking by regulating the application of PKI certificates to be compulsory in Internet banking until 2015. PKI Internet Banking in Korea has been developed as a pioneer in this field through many challenges and responses until its present success. Korea's PKI banking, which started with soft-token-based closed banking, has responded to various types of cyber attack attempts and promoted the transition to open banking by accepting various criticisms due to lack of compatibility with international standards. In order to improve the convenience and security of PKI Internet banking, various attempts have been made, such as biometric-integrated smartphone-based PKI authentication. In this paper, we primarily aim to share the experience and lessons of PKI banking by analyzing the evolution process of PKI Internet banking in Korea. It also has the purpose of presenting the challenges of Korea's PKI Internet banking and sharing its development vision.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-921
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• 2024

Industry 5.0 puts forward higher requirements for smart cities, including low-carbon, sustainable, and people-oriented, which pose challenges to the design of smart cities. In response to the above challenges, this study introduces the cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) and parallel system theory into the design of smart cities, and constructs a smart city framework based on parallel system theory. On this basis, in order to enhance the security of smart cities, a sustainable patrol subsystem for smart cities has been established. The intelligent patrol system uses a drone platform, and the trajectory planning of the drone is a key problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, a mathematical model was established that considers various objectives, including minimizing carbon emissions, minimizing noise impact, and maximizing coverage area, while also taking into account the flight performance constraints of drones. In addition, an improved metaheuristic algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was designed for trajectory planning of patrol drones. Finally, a digital environmental map was established based on real urban scenes and simulation experiments were conducted. The results show that compared with the other three metaheuristic algorithms, the algorithm designed in this study has the best performance.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.603-611
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• 2022

As the era of metaverse approaches, there are challenges that need to be solved. Among them, 'cyber motion sickness' is a representative problem from 2016;when VR technology began to attract attention. According to the theory of sensory conflict, motion sickness is caused when the perceived direction of motion information and the expected value are not the same. The paper was written to theoretically explore the relationship between brain cognition and cyber motion sickness, and to prove the effect of user immersion on motion sickness symptoms based on this. Through the SSQ experiment, it was found that the rotation value of the camera aggravates the symptoms of cyber motion sickness and can alleviate cyber motion sickness by increasing the immersion of the game by giving the viewer visual and shift missions to solve. This study was conducted to solve the problem of cyber motion sickness during the process of developing the VR rhythm game "beatale", and it is expected to be the basis for improving cyber motion sickness not only in the development of the project but also in the production of VR contents in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.417-430
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• 2024

As modern technology advances and the proliferation of the internet continues, cyber threats are also on the rise. To effectively counter these threats, the importance of utilizing Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is becoming increasingly prominent. CTI provides information on new threats based on data from past cyber incidents, but the complexity of data and changing attack patterns present significant analytical challenges. To address these issues, this study aims to utilize graph data that can comprehensively represent multidimensional relationships. Specifically, the study constructs a heterogeneous graph based on malware data, and uses the metapath2vec node embedding technique to more effectively identify cyber attack groups. By analyzing the impact of incorporating topology information into traditional malware data, this research suggests new practical applications in the field of cyber security and contributes to overcoming the limitations of CTI analysis.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.975-990
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• 2020

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) network, is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous connectivity between different advanced applications such as smart cities, smart homes, smart grids, and many others. The emerging network of smart devices and objects enables people to make smart decisions through machine to machine (M2M) communication. Most real-world security and IoT-related challenges are vulnerable to various attacks that pose numerous security and privacy challenges. Therefore, IoT offers efficient and effective solutions. intrusion detection system (IDS) is a solution to address security and privacy challenges with detecting different IoT attacks. To develop an attack detection and a stable network, this paper's main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing intrusion detections system for IoT environment, cyber-security threats challenges, and transparent problems and concerns are analyzed and discussed. In this paper, we propose software-defined IDS based distributed cloud architecture, that provides a secure IoT environment. Experimental evaluation of proposed architecture shows that it has better detection and accuracy than traditional methods.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

The emergence of a hyper-connected-super-intelligence society, called the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, brought about a new change in the security environment. With ICT (Information Communication Technology) convergence and high-tech technologies introduced across the board, the person-centered driving force that moved the real space is replaced by the code-oriented cyberspace, and its dependency is constantly increasing. Paradoxically, however, these technological changes serve as another security vulnerability that threatens our society, and have brought about the justification for building a cyber defense system while simultaneously facing the opportunities and challenges brought by technology. In this study, the theory of self-defense was put forward on the basis of the theoretical basis for actively responding to the increasingly intelligent and mass-evolving cyberattacks, and firstly, the need to enact a cybersecurity law, secondly, and thirdly, the need to develop a response cooperation system with the U.S. and other cyber powers.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) integrate sensors, actuators, and software to improve patient safety and quality of healthcare. These systems introduce major challenges to safety analysis because the patient's physiology is complex, nonlinear, unobservable, and uncertain. To cope with the challenge that unidentified physiological parameters may exhibit short-term variances in certain clinical scenarios, we propose a novel run-time predictive safety monitoring technique that leverages a maximal model coupled with online training of a computational virtual subject (CVS) set. The proposed monitor predicts safety-critical events at run-time using only clinically available measurements. We apply the technique to a surgical glucose control case study. Evaluation on retrospective real clinical data shows that the algorithm achieves 96% sensitivity with a low average false alarm rate of 0.5 false alarm per surgery.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

The inclusion of software and wireless communication devices in vehicles has raised concerns regarding automobile security. In its response, UNECE WP.29 implemented the first-ever international standard for automotive cyber security in June 2020. Yet, the existing disparity between national standards for automotive certification systems and 「UN Regulation No. 155」 has caused confusion among auto makers. This discrepancy not only jeopardizes the security of domestic vehicles but also poses challenges to the seamless import and export of automobiles. Hence, there is a need to enhance the automotive cyber security certification system; however, there is a dearth of scholarly discourse on this topic. Consequently, this study presents a proposal for enhancing the domestic automotive cyber security certification system. In view of this, existing legal frameworks such as the 「Motor Vehicle Management Act」 and the 「Self-Driving Vehicle Act」 were reviewed, along with domestic and international automotive certification systems. The recommendations for improvement, derived from the findings, encompass institutional, legal, and operational aspects. This study is highly significant as it examines both domestic and international automotive certification systems in an area where there is a lack of academic discussion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.598-599
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• 2016

Today, embedded, mobile, and cyber-physical systems are ubiquitous and used in many applications, from industrial control systems, modern vehicles, to critical infrastructure. Current trends and initiatives, such as "Industry 4.0" and Internet of Things (IoT), promise innovative business models and novel user experiences through strong connectivity and effective use of next generation of embedded devices. We survey an introduction to Industrial IoT systems, the related security and privacy challenges, and an outlook on possible solutions towards a holistic security framework for Industrial IoT systems in this paper.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-46
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• 2011

International virtual teamwork offers new opportunities for the professional development of teachers. In this paper, we examine the initial experiences in an ongoing international virtual benchmarking project coordinated by the Finnish Online University of Applied Sciences. What challenges does an international context present for project construction and collaboration? Data from five countries, in the form of participant reflections and researchers' observations, were analysed according to four types of barriers: language, time, technical and mental barriers. Initial data indicates that trust is an essential starting point, as there is neither time nor possibilities to build mutual trust by traditional means. Organisational confidentiality issues, however, can complicate the situation. The project introduces 'collision' as a method of professional development, in which physical and organisational borders are crossed and the skills and competencies needed in global learning environments are acquired.