• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Flax seed(Linseed, Linum usitatissimum L.) and its oil, a richest source of alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)(${\omega}-3$), contain saturated fatty acids, neurotoxic cyanogen glycosides and immuno-suppressive cyclic-nonapeptides. Present paper describes the development of two chemical processes, Process-A and -B, to remove saturated fatty acids and to destroy cyclic nonapeptides and cyanogen glycosides from flax seed oil. Process-A consists of three major steps, i.e., extraction of fatty acid mixture by alkaline saponification, removal of saturated fatty acid by urea-complexation, and triglyceride reconstruction of unsaturated fatty acid via fatty acyl-chloride activation using oxalyl chloride. Process-B consists of preparation of fatty acid ethyl ester by transesterification, elimination of saturated fatty acid ester by urea-complexation, and reconstruction of triglyceride by interesterification with glycerol-triacetate (triacetin). The destruction of lipophilic cyclic nonapeptide during saponification or transesterification processes could be demonstrated indirectly by the disappearance of antibacterial activity of bacitracin, an analogous cyclic-decapeptide. The cyanogen glycosides were found only in the dregs after hexane extraction, but not in the flax seed oil. The reconstructed triglyceride of flax seed oil, obtained by these two different pathways after elimination of saturated fatty acid and toxic components, showed agreeable properties as edible oil in terms of taste, acid value, iodine and peroxide value, glycerine content, and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.829-834
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• 2015

A simple and sensitive hydrogel-based detecting gel has been presented for the qualitative determination of cyanogen chloride(CK) using Konig reaction. To optimize Konig reaction conditions, the effects of pyridine and barbituric acid concentration were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, CK gas concentration was directly related with absorbance change at 567 nm. Based on aqueous solution test results, we finally prepared CK detecting hydrogel by absorbing pyridine and barbituric acid solution. Color change of the prepared CK detecting hydrogel was clearly observed when the detecting gel was exposed to 10 ppm CK gas.

• Carbon letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.280-284
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• 2007

Samples of active carbon of $1150\;m^2/g$ surface area were impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper, chromium and silver, with and without triethylenediamine. The samples of impregnated carbon were aged at $50^{\circ}C$, with and without 90% RH (relative humidity), for a little more than one year and chemically evaluated periodically. Initially copper (II) and chromium (VI) reduced very fast in the samples in humid atmosphere to the extent of 30% and 60% respectively in four months. These values were found to be unaffected by the presence of triethylenediamine (TEDA) indicating that the chemical did not retard the reduction process of chromium (VI) and copper (II). However, in the absence of humidity the reduction of the impregnants was significantly less (10-12%, w/w) in four months. It was quite evident; therefore, that the moisture was mainly responsible for the reduction of chromium (VI) and copper (II) species in impregnated carbons. The prolonged ageing of the samples with and without triethylenediamme after four months with and without humid atmosphere showed that the extent of reduction of chromium (VI) was very low, i.e. 5-10% and of copper (II) was 2-25%. Silver is not reduced due to carbon, as it remained unchanged in concentration on storage. The impregnated carbon samples (100 g) without triethylenediamine, which were aged at room temperature for 5 years in absence of humidity and unaged when evaluated against cyanogen chloride (CNCl) at a concentration of 4 mg/L and airflow rate of 30 lpm showed a high degree of protection (80- 110 minutes).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 1981

A flew spectroscopic method was developed to determine microquantities of nicotine with cyanogen chloride and pyrazolon. Absorption maximum of tile derivative solution appeared at 520nm. The color formed in the proposed method was stable for at least 30 min. at pH 7.5, and followed the Lambert-Beer's law between tile limits of 1 and 5 micrograms of nicotine. The relative errors in burley and flue-cured tobacco leaves were $\pm5%$ in comparison with the Griffith method.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.343-347
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• 2012

The decomposition behaviors of gaseous cyanides in non-thermal plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor have been investigated with the variation of discharge power, influent concentration of cyanide, humidity of air carrier and packed materials in the reactor. Destruction of cyanides by plasma only process was very difficult compared to that of trichloroethylene. But the destruction efficiencies of cyanides were dramatically improved through packing alumina or Pt/alumina bead in the plasma discharge region. From the results, it could be assumed that thermal catalytic effect is involved simultaneously with plasma in the reaction of cyanides destruction on the alumina or Pt/alumina packed plasma reactor.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.429-435
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• 1998

Lectins and its A- and B-chains from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) were isolated by affinity chromatography on the Sepharose 4B modified by lactose-BSA conjugate synthesized by reductive amination of ligand (lactose) to .epsilon.-amino groups of lysine residues of spacer (BSA) after reduction by $NaCNBH_3$. The lactose-BSA conjugate was coupled to Sepharose 4B activated by cyanogen bromide. The molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE were a 31 kD of A-chain and a 35kD of B-chain. Amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequencing were performed. The effects of pH, temperature and guanidine chloride on the conformation of the lectin were investigated by measuring its intrinsic fluorescence and compared with its hemagglutinating activities. Blue shift was detected on the acidic pH and there was a close relationship between activities and conformation of the lectin. Under denaturing conditions, the tryptophan emission profile of lectin showed typical denaturaiional red shift which also correspond to the conformations and activity of lectin.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

Special chemical warfare agents are lethal gases that attack the human respiratory system. One of such gases are blood agents that react with the irons present in the electron transfer system of the human body. This reaction stops internal respiration and eventually causes death. The molecular sizes of these agents are smaller than the pores of an activated carbon, making chemical adsorption the only alternative method for removing them. In this study, we carried out a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation by passing a blood agent: cyanogen chloride gas through an SG-1 gas mask canister developed by SG Safety Corporation. The adsorption bed consisted of a Silver-Zinc-Molybdenum-Triethylenediamine activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, zinc and molybdenum ions. The kinetic analysis of the chemical adsorption was performed in accordance with the test procedure for the gas mask canister and was validated by the kinetic data obtained from experimental results. We predicted the dynamic behaviors of the main variables such as the pressure drop inside the canister and the amount of gas adsorbed by chemisorption. By using a granular packed bed instead of the Ergun equation that is used to model porous materials in Computational Fluid Dynamics, applicable results of the activated carbon were obtained. Dynamic simulations and flow analyses of the chemical adsorption with varying gas flow rates were also executed.