• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

Failure to use effective methods of reduction, fixation and immobilization may lead to osteomyelitis with the exposed necrotic bone, as the overzealous use of transosseous wires & plates that devascularizes bone segments in the compound comminuted fractures of mandible. Once osteomyelitis secondary to fractures has become established, intermaxillary fixation should be instituted as early as possible. Fixation enhances patient comfort and hinders ingress of microorganisms and debris by movement of bone fragments. Teeth and foreign materials that are in the line of fracture should be removed and initial debridement performed at the earliest possible time. Grossly necrotic bone should be excised as early as possible ; no attempt should be made to create soft tissue flaps to achieve closure over exposed bone. The key to treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible is adequate and prolonged soft tissue drainage. If good soft tissue drainage is provided over a long period, sequestration of infected bone followed by regeneration or fibrous tissue replacement will occur so that appearance and function are not seriously altered. Localization and sequestration of infected mandible are far better performed by natural mechanism of homeostasis than by cutting across involved bone with a cosmetic or functional defect. As natural host defenses and conservative therapy begin to be effective, the process may become chronic, inflammation regresses, granulation tissue is formed, and new blood vessels cause lysis of bone, thus separating fragments of necrotic bone(sequestra) from viable bone. The sequestra may be isolated by a bed of granulation tissue, encased in a sheath of new bone(involucrum), and removed easily with pincettes. This is a case report of the long-term conservative drainage care in osteomyelitis associated with mandibular fractures.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2001

According to the change of stream power/resisting power relationship due to the crustal movement or the climatic change, most channel landforms which reflect the equilibrium state of fluvial system are eroded and a part of them is remained as a river terrace. In many rivers in Korea are extensively distributed the relatively younger low river terraces. But their accurate formation mechanism is not known. In this paper, the formation processes and the dating of low river terraces distributed in Nakdong River basin will be investigated. Stream power of the downward erosion was revived because the sea level fell down. So stream power was superior to the resisting power under the cool-wet climatic condition during the last glacial period. Thus the river bed was excavated deeply, so that low river terraces were built up. And many incised meander loops were cut during this period. But, when fluvial system did not have equilibrium over all reaches, the last glacial period ended and the sea level initiated to rise rapidly. The headward erosion from the fall of sea level during the last glacial period had kept up to Hagye Fall because of the cutting of incised meander loops. Deeply excavated valleys and abandoned channel of cut-meander in lower reaches of a stream were filled with sediments. Thus the longitudinal profile of the uppermost reaches reflect the last interglacial, the upper reaches the last glacial, and the middle/1ower reaches recent fluvial system. Therefore low river terraces have been formed since the last glacial period.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Current indoor intrusion detection and location tracking methods have the weakness in seamless operations in tracking the objective because the object must possess a communicating device and the limitation of the single cell size (approximate $100cm{\times}100cm$) exits. Also, the utilization of CCTV technologies show the shortcomings in tracking when the object disappear the area where the CCTV is not installed or illumination is not enough for capturing the scene (e.g. where the context-awarded system is not installed or low illumination presents). Therefore, in this paper we present an improved in-door tracking system based on sensor networks. Such system is built on a simulated scenario and enables us to detect and extend the area of surveillance as well as actively responding the emergency situation. Through simulated studies, we have demonstrated that the proposed system is capable of supplementing the shortcomings of signal cutting, and of estimating the location of the moving object. We expect the study will improve the better analysis of the intruder behavior, the more effective prevention and flexible response to various emergency situations.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 1994

When effects of exogenous hormone on hairy root cultures of Raphanus sativs cv. Chungpihongsim examined, the highest anthocyanin synthesis and disorganization were observed when 2, 4-D was supplemented to the culture medium Cytokinins showed early weak induction after transfer and ABA showed inhibitory effect and GA3 showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. Hormones except for 2, 4-D in 1 mg/$\ell$ concentration did not induce disorganization of hairy root and retarded growth of hairy root. Time-course changes in anthocyanin synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and chalcone synthase activity were examined in culture condition contalning 2, 4-D and kinetin. In a medium containing 2, 4-D, anthocyanin synthesis began to increase on the 9th day and reaching maxima on the 18th day after transfer. Maximum peak of PAL activity appeared on the 3-9th day and another minor peak appeared on the 18th day. CHS activity increased from 9th day, reaching maximum on the 18th day and remained at a relatively high level for culture period. In a medium containing kinetin, anthocyanin synthesis increased temporarily on the 6-9th days, early days after transfer and maintained at a low level for remaining culture period. Peak of PAL activity appeared on the 6th day and CHS activity increased from the 6th days, reaching maxima about 18th day and remained at a relatively high level. In particular, addition of kinetin after preculture in hormone free medium for 2 weeks which was thought of wound healing period showed no effects in anthocyanin synthesis. This results showed that stimulation of anthocyanin synthesis by 2, 4-D and kinetin was meaningfully connected with changes of PAL, CHS activity, and then suggested rate-limiting role of CHS on anthocyanin synthesis in that there is close correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and changes of CHS activity in time-course. Besides, it is considered that cytoklnins involving kinetin stimulated anthocyanin synthesis be due to "wound response" by cutting of young roots, and that difference in time-course peak and PAL, CHS activities expressed by 2, 4-D and kinetin result from occurrence of isozyme which have different regulatory mechanism.mechanism.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.2913-2924
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• 1973

This study was to investigate the drying mechanism of stratified soil by investigating 'effects of the upper soil on moisture loss of the lower soil and vice versa' and at the same time by examining how the drying progressed in the stratified soils with bare surface and with vegetated surface respectively. There were six plots of the stratified soils with bare surface($A_1- A_6$ plot) and the same other six plots($B_1- B_5$ plot), with vegetated surface(white clover). These six plots were made by permutating two kinds of soils from three kinds of soils; clay loam(CL). Sandy loam(SL). Sand(s). Each layer was leveled by saturating sufficient water. Depth of each plot was 40cm by making each layer 20cm deep and its area. $90{\times}90(cm^2)$. The cell was put at the point of the central and mid-depth of the each layer in the each plot in order to measure the soil moisture by using OHMMETER. soil moisture tester, and movement of soil water from out sides was cut off by putting the vinyl on the four sides. The results obtained were as follow; 1. Drying progressed from the surface layer to the lower layer regardless of plots. There was a tendency thet drying of the upper soil was faster than that of the lower soil and drying of the plot with vegetated surface was also faster than that of the plot with bare surface. 2. Soil moisture was recovered at approximately the field capacity or moisture equivalent by infiltration in the course of drying, when there was a rainfall. 3. Effects of soil texture of the lower soil on dryness of the upper soil in the stratified soil were explained as follows; a) When the lower soil was S and the upper, CL or SL, dryness of the upper soils overlying the lower soil of S was much faster than that overlying the lower soil of SL or CL, because sandy soil, having the small field capacity value and playing a part of the layer cutting off to some extent capillary water supply. Drying of SL was remarkably faster than that of CL in the upper soil. b) When the lower soil was SL and the upper S or CL, drying of the upper soil was the slowest because of the lower SL, having a comparatively large field capacity value. Drying of CL tended to be faster than that of S in the upper soil. c) When the lower soil was CL and the upper S or SL, drying of the upper soil was relatively fast because of the lower CL, having the largest field capacity value but the slowest capillary conductivity. Drying of SL tended to be faster than that of S in the upper soil. 4. According to a change in soil moisture content of the upper soil and the lower soil during a day there was a tendency that soil moisture contents of CL and SL in the upper soil were decreased to its minimum value but that of S increased to its maximum value, during 3 hours between 12.00 and 15.00. There was another tendency that soil moisture contents of CL, SL and S in the lower soil were all slightly decreased by temperature rising and those in a cloudy day were smaller than those in a clear day. 5. The ratio of the accumulated soil moisture consumption to the accumulated guage evaporation in the plot with vegetated surface was generally larger than that in the plot with bare surface. The ratio tended to decrease in the course of time, and also there was a tendency that it mainly depended on the texture of the upper soil at the first period and the texture of the lower soil at the last period. 6. A change in the ratio of the accumulated soil moisture consumption was larger in the lower soil of SL than in the lower soil of S. when the upper soil was CL and the lower, SL and S. The ratio showed the biggest figure among any other plots, and the ratio in the lower soil plot of CL indicated sligtly bigger than that in the lower soil plot of S, when the upper soil was SL and the lower, CL and S. The ratio showed less figure than that of two cases above mentioned, when the upper soil was S and the lower CL and SL and that in the lower soil plot of CL indicated a less ratio than that in the lower soil plot of SL. As a result of this experiments, the various soil layers wero arranged in the following order with regard to the ratio of the accumulated soil moisture consumption: SL/CL>SL/S>CL/SL>CL/S$\fallingdotseq$S/SL>S/CL.