• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.778-784
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a sensorless speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on an adaptive sliding mode observer (SMO) for electric propulsion system of small ships. An adaptive observer gain is proposed based on the Lyapunov's stability criterion to reduce the chattering problem at any speed operation instead of the constant gain observer. Furthermore, a cascade low-pass filter with variable cut-off frequency is suggested to strengthen the filtering capability of the observer. The experimental results from a 1.5 kW PMSM drive are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive SMO. The result shows that the proposed method gives good speed control performances even when the PMSM operates at 0.5% from its rated speed value.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제26권8호
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 2012

This paper was carried out to survey fire hazard and improvement at the drain pump in air-conditioners. Based on the results of analysis, the proposal of electrical accidents prevention and a construction improvement are as follows. A power connection of the drain pump has two types, an electrical outlet type and direct connection type at control board of air-conditioner. The electrical outlet types need a bulletin sign or education as malfunction of the drain pump include an additional accidents, current leakage and overflowing with water on the floor from breaker trip by exterior cause and breaker off by mistake of worker. On the other hand, the direct connection types prevent a power interruption as exterior cause, but it has some trouble, cut of ground cable and without protection device. Usually it doesn't work by electrician when air-conditioner and the drain pump power work. Therefore an education or countermeasures are recommended for not electrician. Generally malfunction of the drain pump causes accumulated materials into the tank. Even though the accumulated materials lead to an overheating and burning as failure of detector occur an idling, periodic inspection of the air-conditioner filter and the drain pump tank prevent the trouble.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1228-1241
• /
• 2010

This study aims to help understanding on design of basic pattern of shirt collars and to suggest schemes to raise completeness of shape by reviewing problems shown in finished products after sewing. From March 2009 to August 2009, 12 patterns for education and firms were collected centering on basic shirt collar form respectively. There are four problems generally raised from a completed shirt collar. In case of overlapping shirt collar on front neck point, the sewing point of shirt collar should be drawn at front neck point of collar band at a distance of about 0.2~0.3cm, and the center front of band and one of bodice should be arranged in a straight line. In case of the problem about right and left length difference of shirt collar, it is raised by closing so the problem was solved by prolonging about 0.2 cm of the center front of left collar. It was evaluated that adjusting notch point when sewing would be more rational solution than solving something on patterns for distance difference problem of shirt collar between right and left part at center front. And a problem about getting loose of front garment between collar band below and the first button was also raised. It was designed 0.2cm cut of collar band. Around basic shirt collar form, above mentioned solutions are applied to the patterns for education and manufacture experimental clothing. So as a result of sensory evaluation, generally good ratings on all items were received.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제18권34호
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 1995

For the relationship between conformance cost and the individual elements of non-conformance, an analysis was made of the relationship between inspection cost and training cost and scrap cost. As a result it was explained that there was all a positive correlation between training cost and scrap cost, and between inspection cost and scrap cost. Like this, training and inspection cost and scrap cost have a positive correlation. Judging from the fact that the coefficient of inspection cost is lower than that of training cost in the comparison of the coefficient of each cost, it can be analyzed that the change in scrap cost is influenced by the change in training cost more greatly than the change in inspection cost. If doing so, it can be interpreted that scrap cost and rework cost do not still decrease in spite of increasing in education and training cost and prevention cost. This result may represent the problem as to whether education and training cost is effectively expended for prevention activity. Accordingly, to cope with this situation, it is thought that scrap cost should be cut by establishing the effective prevention measure for causing the increase of scrap cost.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the sexual attitude in college students in order to provide baseline data for the development of sex education program. Method: For this study, the questionnaires were given to 161 students in the college students and collected during the period from 19th to 31th May, 2003. Data were analyzed by SPSS WINS. Result: The level of sexual attitude was low level of liberal. Sixty seven percent of college students in the study percepted liberal sexual attitude based on the cut-point suggested by Hudson et al.(1983). There were significant difference between general characteristics and sexual attitude in the age. Conclusion: In conclusions, the sexual attitude of college students change liberal, and then it is required to specific and practicable sex education programs.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 1999

Based on the analysis of commonalities and differences in the views of science achievement in major reform documents in the United States and Korea, an aggregated view of science achievement is presented in this paper Science achievement is conceived of in terms of science content and science process. The components of science content include: (a) concepts and theories I n physical, life, and earth and space science;(b) science, mathematics, and technology;(c) science in personal and social perspectives;(d)history and nature of science;and (e) unifying themes. The components of science process include: (a) scientific understanding;(b) scientific investigation;(c) scientific communication; and (d) scientific habits of mind. The components of science process.cut across and intersect with the components of science content. The components of science achievement overlap and are related to one another. Despite such an overlap, understanding the rot e that each component plays provides insight into its unique contributions as well as its interactions with other components. A definition of science achievement and identification of its components based on major reform documents provides a guideline for science assessment as well a s science teaching and learning.

• 대한물리치료사협회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 1992

Depression in Spinal Cord Injury Patients Kang, Soon Hee, M.Ed., R.P.T. Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center Depressions have the potential to affect adversely the rehabilitation of patients with spi-nal cord iniury. The present study examined depression, functional independence, and demographic and medical characteristics for 49 spinal cord injury(SCI) patients. This investigation involved the administration of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Modified Barthel Index, and aquestionnaire consisted of 14 items, The results were as follows .1. Compared to normal subjects, SCI patients had significantly higher BDI scores.2. When the cut-off point of HDI scores was assumed 21, 26.1% of normal subjeets and 75.5% of SCI patients appeared to be depressed. Depression in SCT patients were not related with age, sex, marital status, injury evel, severity, duration, pain, functional independence and medical charge. Depression in SCI patients were related with education level, economic level, age at injury, motivation. Depression in normal subjects were related with age, education level, economic level, but not related with sex, marital status. There were significant differences at 30 items of BDI between normal subjects and SCI patients. The items were as fellows . 1 sadness, 2 pessimism, 3 failure, 4 dissat-isfaction, 5 guilt, 6 punishment. 7 self-dislike 9 suicidal, 10 crying, 11 irritability, 12withdrawl, 13 indecisive, 14 self-image, IS work inhibition, 16 insomnia, 17 fatigue,18 anorexia, 19 weight loss, 20 hypochondria, 21 libido loss.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.163-182
• /
• 2013

최근 몇 년간 국가수준에서 학생들의 기초학력 향상을 위한 다양한 정책이 수행되었다. 2011년 초등학교 3학년 기초학습 진단평가는 학생들의 학습부진을 조기에 확인하고 그에 따른 보정 교육을 실시할 목적으로 실시되었다. 본 연구에서는 초등학교 3학년 기초학습 진단평가 기초수학의 평가 결과를 토대로 초등학교 3학년 학생들의 성취수준을 분석하였고, 성취수준별 학생들의 학업성취도를 분석하였으며, 3) 학생들의 반응이 특이한 문항 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2012

Culm cutting is very effective and convenient method for asexual propagation and even much less destructive than the other ways such as excavation of rhizomes. Despite that culm cutting is such a useful method, only few investigations for raising its efficiency have been carried out. We tried to examine the effect of different geographical populations and cutting sections on the shoot emergence, biomass production and its allocation in terms of cutting efficiency. Culms were sampled from three environmentally distinct wetlands : riparian marsh, salt marsh and montane fen and then they were cut separately into four sections from the bottom to the top part. Both factors of different population and section affected the shoot emergence together. Middle parts on the culm always showed more shoot emergence irrespective of different population. On the other hand, first section from salt marsh and fourth section from the montane fen did not exhibit any shoot emergence. Significant difference in increase of shoot emergence between different sections during investigation period was confirmed only from salt marsh population. Not only different population but also appropriate cutting section should be considered together for better efficiency in cutting of reed culms.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study was aimed at finding out the current smoking situation of workers in the field of railroad electricity and vehicles and changes of their smoking behaviors after the raise of price of tobacco in 2015. Methods: With a self-administered questionnaire conducted from February 9 to March 6 2015, one-way ANOVA and crosstabs(PASW Statistics Ver. 18.0) were conducted on the data of 626 people. Results: As the result, the smoking rate was 39.1% and 90.5% of the smoking experienced group showed some changes including cutting down on smoking due to raise of price of tobacco. Factors related to smoking included stress, the number of times of drinking, awareness of harmfulness of smoking, the number of days with hard exercise per week and the marital status. Conclusion: Therefore, it is assumed that there is necessity of top-down intervention using these factors to cut down the smoking rate.