• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of customer relationship management (CRM) support policies for facilitating traditional markets, especially with respect to customer acquisition and maintenance, and to investigate the factors affecting CRM. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed the CRM efficiency of traditional markets in 16 cities and provinces in Korea on the basis of DEA analysis and Malmquist productivity analysis. The DEA model calculates a ratio of the weighted mean of various inputs to the weighted mean of various outputs and measures the efficiency of a specific decision making unit (DMU), which is compared to the reference group that has a similar input-output structure. The input variables are coupon, event, parcel service, premiums, while is the number of customers per day. Further, through regression analysis, we analyzed CRM-related factors affecting traditional markets' customer appeal and revenue growth. Results - We obtained the results of the efficiency of traditional markets in 16 provinces. The traditional markets in Seoul, Busan, and Jeju were found to be efficient in a model CCR that used the number of customers per day as an output variable, while Chungbuk, Jeonbuk Province, and According to the results of the DEA analysis and Malmquist productivity analysis, large cities such as Seoul, Busan, and Jeju showed efficiency in CRM-related investment businesses in traditional markets for attracting customers. The Malmquist analysis results confirmed that the productivity of traditional markets increased from 2008 to 2010. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the "customer acquisition/maintenance factor" and the "offering of customer convenience facility factor" were significant to the daily average number of customers, which is a dependent variable. The results of the test with the mediating variable, "number of customers," and the final dependent variable, "sales revenue," were rejected. However, the variable "customer acquisition /maintenance" was found to affect sales revenue positively. Conclusions - It is necessary to enhance the business not only for promotional activities to attract customers, but also to strengthen customer relationships among CRM businesses, such as through the management of key customers. The regression analysis results showed that CRM businesses have yet to produce an increase in sales revenues in traditional markets. Therefore, to help customers who visit traditional markets to keep buying products, it is necessary to prepare various investment methods and provide support to improve "customer loyalty." This study has a limitation in terms of CRM-related statistics. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to conduct a survey of customers who use traditional markets to analyze the markets by type and size as well as the CRM-related factors. Based on the analysis, we will try to perform a variety of statistical analyses, including structural equations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

In the past four decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues have grown substantially due to the increasing demand for transparency and growing expectations that corporations should manage and improve their social, environmental, and economic performance. As a result, most organizations, companies, and governments provide CSR reports, while a large number of companies are still engaged in defining and integrating CSR into several aspects of their business. CSR is an obligation to society (Lee, 2020). The linkage between CSR and consumer-company identification (CCI) is important under company stakeholders. Consumers who care about those issues often change their shopping habits to bring greater value to the community. They will avoid buying environmentally or socially harmful products, and actively seek the products and services of the companies that carry out social responsibility. Companies conducting CSR activities such as charity works or environmental activities will be easy to associate as a responsible organization for always meeting the necessity of society. Therefore, companies must consider CSR a long-term strategy. The strategic approach to CSR plays an increasingly significant part in the business competitiveness - which helps create companies' values while gains trust and respect from the consumers, partners in particular, and the social community in general. This study is conducted to show evidence from project-based organizations about the CSR factors that influence consumer loyalty and the impact level of those factors on customer loyalty.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the effect of brand image and trust of a home meal replacement (HMR) industry on customer satisfaction and repurchase during online shopping. Research design, data, and methodology - With 217 questionnaires, this study was conducted by AMOS 20.0, and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) as statistical method was used for examining the hypotheses in this study. Factors such as brand image and brand trust in customer shopping for HMR products online were tested, and relationships between satisfaction and repurchase were studied. Results - Brand image and brand trust in terms of online shopping for HMR were found to affect satisfaction significantly; in addition, the path where satisfaction leads to repurchase was found to be significant. However, brand image and brand trust for HMR in online shopping differed depending on customer age groups. The path-coefficients from brand image of HMR in online shopping to satisfaction were more significant in the older age group; meanwhile, the path-coefficient from brand trust to satisfaction was significant in the younger age group. Conclusions - Results of the study suggested the importance of the attributes for buying HMR products online and provided meaningful implications of difference between age groups when they choose the products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1137-1148
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in clothing consumption behaviors among female consumer groups in their twenties and to understand the type of consumer group pursuing fast fashion. Questionnaire survey was conducted to 230 female consumers residing in Seoul and Kyung Gi area from June 18 to 29 in 2007, and 178 were used for data analysis. Data analysis were conducted with SPSS 12 program on the reliability test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test. Factors analyses were employed for the attitude toward fashion and shopping, and shopping motives. Four factors were formulated for the attitude toward fashion: interest in fashion, fashion-orientation, fashion leadership and fashion conformity. Six factors for the attitude toward shopping were found: information searching, shopping enjoyment, store patronage, impulse buying, brand-orientation and convenience. Buying motives for fashion goods were classified into 3 factors: for matching & occasion, to-be-in-fashion and for necessity. Four clusters were identified based on the attitude toward fashion: the fashion-interested, the fashion-indifferent, fashion leaders and the individuality-oriented. Among the groups, significant differences were found in information searching, shopping enjoyment and store patronage. Fashion leaders tended to spend more for expensive and up-to-dated fashion items, and for higher quantity than other groups. Consequently fashion leaders showed attractive customer characteristics for the fast fashion companies.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.447-463
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• 2005

The purposes of this study is to investigate the factor structure of web-site characteristics and antecedents factors affected to trust, satisfaction and behavioral intention of web-site. Refined data were consisted of 4 internet shopping mall survey and estimated the perception to visiting web site. Statistical methods are adapted Frequency, Factor Analysis and CFA(Confirmatory Factor Analysis) of LISREL. 8 program. Research findings are as follows. The factors of web characteristics indicated to product information/buying procedure clarification, stability and function of system, usability of web site, security and protection of individual information, design, clarification of enterpriser information, various payment methods and customer service. In regression analysis, dependent variables were trust, satisfaction and behavioral intention. reputation of site were significantly effected variables. External variables consisted of the 4 characteristics of web-site and reputation and trust, satisfaction and behavioral intention were internal factor.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.3 s.68
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• pp.369-382
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to propose the strategy for increasing the merchandising power of the SPA brand to improve the competitiveness of domestic fashion industry. A questionnaire survey was administered to 270 SPA brand customer who live in Seoul Metropolitan area and Gyeongi-do area. 240 data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, crosstabs analysis, and one-way ANOVA using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. The result were as follows: Importance of store attributes were categorized in five factors: store environment, service, product sales promotion, and convenience. A consumer's the importance of store attributes was significantly different depending on that consumer's demographic characteristics(major, grade etc..) and general product purchasing characteristics(purchasing expense). This result should not be interpreted by expanding to the whole group of the consumer in SPA brand, as the sample used in this study is limited to those in Seoul and GyeongGi area.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.317-332
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the purchase behavior and satisfaction levels of wholesale discount store customers. Three hundred and eighty housewives who had buying experiences from wholesale discount stores at Gunpo city, Kyeonggi province were selected. The questionnaire survey method was conducted during August 3 to August 9, 2000. The major findings were as follows ; First, the major customers using wholesale discount store were found to be age over thirties and they bought food, such as vegetables and processed food stuffs. They visited wholesale discount store once or twice a week and spent $10{\sim}50$ thousand won each purchasing. Second, most customers evaluated positively wholesale discount store, on the other hand they experienced compulsive buying or had the desire for it. Third, though they visited wholesale discount store because of lower price than other stores, they didn't agree that they were saving money through using wholesale discount store. Forth, housewife-customers' satisfaction level about whole sale discount store was not so high. Among the factors suggested, they were satisfied comparatively with the comfortable counter atmosphere and parking lot, and were dissatisfied comparatively with the long waiting time at cashier.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

Purpose - Social commerce is a certain way of how people buy some products together with others through the internet sites with mutual interactions among customers with the benefits of SNS when buying some products. At present, China market has some problems due to its rapid growing. However, empirical research or academic approach to social commerce has not been made enough. So, it is important for Chinese social market to develop and enlarge the customers with stability under the reliability and satisfaction. Also it is important for them to have repurchase intention. Nowadays, it is necessary to find the factors on customer satisfaction and trust, whereas consumers' dissatisfaction and unreliability are increasing on social commerce recently. In addition, researches on social commerce have been actively pursued by a variety of domestic and foreign scholars. However, researches on social commerce and Chinese market are short of, and they have some limitations because of the rapid growth of the market even though it is the early stage. The current situation requires researches on consumers' repurchase intention for continuing growth in the future according to the growth of Chinese social commerce. Research design, data, and methodology - The literature and the empirical studies are combined in order to achieve the purpose of the study. Deriving social commerce features and consumer properties as factors affecting the repurchase intention through the literature, and these factors have modeled a series of assumptions about the impact on satisfaction and trust, and have established hypotheses to verify them. The survey which is conducted to test the hypothesis and questionnaires are derived based on the variables discussed in the previous study. Appropriate measures were developed and tested on 227 respondents in China with a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The path relationships of the research model were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0. Results - Research results about social commerce characteristics and factors affecting the repurchase intention are presented to Chinese market companies that adopt business models and consumer characteristics. In addition, this study focuses on the characteristics of social commerce, from two-dimensional characteristics of the consumer satisfaction, trust and the impact on the repurchase. Therefore, social commerce features and consumer properties based on the results of this study may lead the strategic implications that may increase the repurchase intention. Conclusions - The classification reviewing the previous findings related to social commerce and social commerce features affects social commerce repurchase (price discount, interactivity) and consumer characteristics (impulsivity, innovation, collectivism). It affects repurchase on factors and analyzes empirically. The empirical results identify major characteristics (social commerce characteristics, attributes) that affect the repurchase intention, and give the practical implications as well as the business strategies that are able to enhance social commerce repurchase consumers. Social commerce is a certain way of how people buy some products together with others through the internet sites with mutual interactions among customers with the benefits of SNS when buying some products.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.195-204
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• 2020

This research examines four specific objectives: (1) identifying factors that affect Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising, (2) measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) testing the difference of attitudes among groups of consumers with different characteristics in terms of gender, age, income, and academic level, and (4) proposing some managerial implications to have better Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising. The study uses the online survey form via e-mail and Facebook in a convenience sampling method; the subjects surveyed are between the ages of 18 and 35, and all are in urban areas in Vietnam, and are using smartphones and accessing the internet and other phone applications. A sample of 490 respondents were valid and used for processing. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze exploratory factors and linear multiple regression. The results reveal that there are five main factors affecting Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising positively, arranged by reduced importance: entertainment, informativeness, credibility, non-irritation, permission and control. From that, the study offers some managerial suggestions for smartphone advertisers to improve their strategies and tatics to enhance their customer service, so that the smartphone advertising can attract people and help Vietnamese consumer in their buying behavior.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2013

Social commerce is a subset of e-commerce that involves using social media, and user contributions to assist in the online buying and selling of products and services. Given the rapid growth of social commerce sites such as Groupon, Ticketmonster, and Coupang, it has become critical to understand customer purchasing decision-making processes in the social commerce environment. This study developed a theoretical model to examine the role of social commerce site's stickiness in customers' repurchasing decision processes. This study identifies price attribute, variety of selection, shopping enjoyment, and anger as the key factors of social commerce site's stickiness. Data collected from 164 users who had more purchasing experiences with social commerce for more than 7 months were empirically tested against the research model. The analysis results indicate that social commerce site's stickiness plays an important role in enhancing customer's purchasing behavior. Moreover, price attribute and shopping enjoyment significantly influence social commerce site's stickiness, whereas anger does not significantly affect consumer purchasing decision-making processes. However, contrary to our expectation, variety of selection negatively influences social commerce site's stickiness. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are described.