• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2003

Various soil samples were collected from twenty-four areas of ten different poultry farms in Korea and screened for prevalence of keratinolytic fungi. Fourteen species of feather-associated fungi belonging to ten genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Monascus, Mucor, Penicillum, and Verticillium isolated from poultry soils were grown on keratin medium. Especially, Aspergillus spp. populations associated with the soil sample is $1{\times}10^5$ cfu/g. A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. nidulans, and A. terreus could utilize keratin of chicken feather and degrade it, producing sulphydryl-containing compounds detected as keratinase, cysteine and total proteins. Keratinolytic activities of five Aspergillus species also changed the pH of the medium more alkaline than those that were less keratinolytic.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.69-71
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• 2007

1-Corydalmine, an alkaloid isolated from roots of Corydalis ehaerophylla inhibited spore germination of some plant pathogenic as well as saprophytic fungi e.g. Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicieola, A. solani, Curvularia lunata, C. maculans, C. sp., C. pallseens, Erysiphe pisi, Fusarium udum, Helminthosporium species, H. penniseti and a Heterosporium species. 1-Corydalmine significantly inhibited spore germination of all the fungi at 100 to 1500 ppm. It was effective against all the fungi at 1500 ppm. C. lunata was highly sensitive to this chemical even at 250 ppm.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1998

The incidence of total molds, Fusarium species, and the estrogenic mycotoxin,zearalenone, in Korean grain samples were investigated . The majority of molds infecting grain were identified as belonging to the genus Alternaria , with an average infection rate of kernels of 43% and 32% in rice and baley, respectively. Fusarium speciens were less common, with average infection rates of 13% and 19% in reice and barley, respectively. A number of field fungi including Curvularia and Dactylaria were also observed. Among the Fusarium speices, 71 of 94 Fusarium isolates were identified as F.semitectum. A few F. moniliforme and F. equiseti were observed linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). In addition, deoxynivalenol was not deteted by ELISA . However, thepresence of molds, including Fusarium species, may pose possbile health hazards to persons consuming those grains.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.537-549
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• 1998

실험대상 병원내 27개소의 공기중에서 30분 동안 낙하균을 여름과 겨울에 채취하여, 총 세균 수와 포도상 구균속 및 진균의 수를 비교하고, 각각의 균을 동정하고, 분리된 주요 세균에 대한 항생물질 감수성 검사를 실시하였다. 분리된 총 세균 수, 포도구균속의 수, 진균의 수는 여름에 각각 26개, 17개, 2개였으며, 겨울에는 각각 19개, 8개, 2개로 여름이 더 많았다. 분리 동정된 세균 종은 Staphylococcus dpidermidis가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음이 Staphylococcus aureus, Aerococcus spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Micrococcus spp., Bacilluc spp. 등의 순이 었다. 병원내 공기중에서 분리된 진균은 Aspergillus spp., Cephalosporium spp., Curvularia spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp. 등의 순으로 많이 분리되었다. 분리된 109주의 Staphylococcus epidermidis는 tetracycline에 45.0%, methicillin에 40.4%, erythromycin에 31.2%, kanamycin에 24.8%, gentamy-cin에 16.5%가 저항성 균주이었다. 분리된 76주의 Staph-ylococcus aureus는 erythromycin에 71.1%, methicillin에 63.2%, kanamycin에 44.7%, tetracycline에 39.5%, ampicillin에 32.9%가 저항성 균주이었다. 분리된 67주의 Aerococcus spp.는 erythromycin에 26.9%, methicillin에 25.4%, tetracycline에 22.4%, kanamycin에 20.9%가 저항성 균주이었으나, vancomycin에는 저항성 균이 없었다. 분리된 48주의micrococcus spp.는 tetracycline에 27.0%, erythomycin과 methicillin에 각각 22.9%, kanamycin에 20.8%가 저항성 균주이었다. 분리된 37주의 Staphylococcus saprophyticus는 cephalothin에 35.4%, methicillin과 ampicillin에 32.4%, erythromycin과 kanamycin에 각각 27.0%, tetracycline에 21.6%가 저항성 균주이었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

벼 이삭마름병에 관여하는 진균의 종류로 일미벼에서는 Altemaria alternate($10.2\%$), A. padwickii($5.2\%$), Bipolaris oryzae($10.3\%$), Nigrospora oryzae($5.2\%$), Phoma sorghina ($6.3\%$) 등이 우점 하였으며,총 23종의 진균이 검출되었다. 대산벼에서는 A. alternate($9.6\%$), Cladosporium sp. ($7.5\%$), Curvularia lunate($2.2\%$), N. oryzae($15.1\%$) 등이 우점 하였으며, 총 13종의 진균이 검출되었다. 또한 이삭마름병으로 벼알이 심하게 오염된 경우에는 일미벼 현미에서도 B. oryzae($15.5\%$), A. alternate($5.5\%$), Fusarium graminearum($8.0\%$), N. oryzae($5.2\%$), P. sorghina($4.5\%$) 등이 높은 비율로 감염되어 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2019

벼의 깨씨무늬병과 잎집썩음병의 원인균인 Cochliobolus miyabeanus와 Sarocladium oryzae에 의해 발병되며, 깨씨무늬병이 이삭에 발생할 경우Curvularia lunata에 의해 이삭마름병이 추가로 발병하게 되고 한국인의 주식인 쌀의 수확량 감소 및 쌀의 품질 저하와 같은 손실을 초래하여 세계적으로 벼 재배 국가에서는 큰 문제로 장기적으로는 심각한 문제를 초래한다. 따라서, 이러한 식물 병원성 곰팡이의 생물학적 방제를 위해 순창군 논 토양에서 세포외 효소 활성이 우수하고 siderophore를 생산하는 유용미생물 5종을 선별하였다. 5종의 선별 미생물은 벼의 식물 병원성 곰팡이 3종에 대하여 우수한 항진균 활성을 갖고 있었으며, 특히 JSRB 177균주는 가장 우수한 활성을 지녀 최종 균주로 선별되었다. 최종 선별된 JSRB 177균주는 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통하여 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었으며, 최종적으로 JSRB 177의 당 이용성 및 효소 생산에 대한 분석을 통하여 생리학적 특성을 확인하였다. 향후 포트 시험 및 생산 공정 확립 등 산업화에 연관된 추가 연구가 필요하지만 앞선 결과를 토대로 JSRB 177 균주는 벼 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 생물학적 방제를 위한 소재로 높은 활용이 기대된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.147-149
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• 2005

The investigation was undertaken to enhance the decomposition process by pre-treatment of rice stubble, having higher concentration of lignin. Air-dried rice stubble was treated with 1.8 liter of 1% NaOH and autoclaved. Six cellulolytic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata were grown in basal synthetic medium along with delignified rice-residue as carbon source for production of soluble crude protein. Though the loss of cellulose has been observed by all of them but having a considerable status in the presence of T. harzianum and T. harzianum yielded highest percentage of crude protein (27.99%) with biomass of 375 mg, whereas the lowest protein value (17.91%) was recorded in case of A. niger with biomass of 422 mg. Among the imperfect fungi, T. harzianum was the most potent. Effects of incubation period and nitrogen sources on soluble crude protein production by T. harzianum were also undertaken in this study. Fifth day of incubation period and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source among other nitrogen sources was found most appropriate for soluble crude protein production by the mentioned organism.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.206-209
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• 2005

Narceine methyl ester and narceine are potent alkaloids which were isolated from Corydalis longipes were found effective in vitro at very low concentration, i.e., $100{\sim}500\;ppm$ against spore germination of some test plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani, A. tagetica, Cercospora abelmoschi, Curvularia maculans, Erysiphe cichoracearum, E. pisi, Fusarium udum, Helminthosporium oryzae, H. penniseti, Ustilago cynodontis). Among the test, phytopathogens the spores of F. udum, C. maculans and H. penniseti were highly sensitive at 200 ppm. However, spores of E. pisi, A. solani and A. tagetica were less sensitive at low concentration followed by other test fungi. Most of the fungi showed zero or nearly zero percent spore germination at 400 and 500 ppm.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.378-381
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• 2014

Zoysiagrass는 대표적인 난지형 잔디로 Curvularia leaf spot, Large patch, Rhizoctonia blight, Spring dead spot, 그리고 Dollar spot 등의 다양한 병에 직면해 있으며 최근에는 많은 병원균들의 복합 감염에 의한 잔디병 양상을 보이고 있다. 최근에 패취형태의 병반을 가진 zoysiagrass 엽조직으로 부터 Rhizoctonia 속과 유사한 곰팡이를 분리하였다. 리보소옴 DNA의 염기서열을 분석하여 Waitea circinata 균주들과 98% 이상의 상동성을 보였고, Koch's 법칙에 따라 zoysiagrass에서 병원성을 확인하여 이 병의 주 원인균은 Waitea circinata로 판명되었다. 따라서 본 병은 zoysiagrass에서 Waitea circinata에 의해 최초로 국내에서 발생한 병으로 사료되며, 기본 병명과 동일하게 Waitea ring patch로 사용하기를 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2018

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum and Helminthosporium oryzae). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The highest dry weight reduction (%) values of C. lunata, H. oryzae and F. semitectum were 92.7%, 75.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. Analysis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the lipopeptides were iturin A with a C14 side chain (C14 iturinic acid), and a C15 side chain (C15 iturinic acid), which were produced by BAS23 when it was cultured in nutrient broth (NB) for 72 h at $30^{\circ}C$. BAS23, the efficient antagonistic bacterium, also possessed in vitro multiple traits for plant growth promotion and improved rice seedling growth. The results indicated that BAS23 represents a useful option either for biocontrol or as a plant growth-promoting agent.