• 제목/요약/키워드: Curvilinear relationship

검색결과 41건 처리시간 0.025초

집단간 지식공유의 영향요인에 관한 연구 (An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing among Groups)

  • 박문수;문형구
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2004
  • Knowledge sharing, as well as knowledge creation, is the basis for an organization to maintain its competitive advantage. Organizations trying to use knowledge resources for strategic purposes or pursuing knowledge management are now paying more attention to methods to facilitate knowledge sharing. This study aims to find out the answers to the questions below. (1) Which relational or structural factors influence the intentions to share knowledge among groups? (2) Does the intension to share knowledge among groups really influence the knowledge sharing behavior? (3) What are the roles of accessibility on the relationship between intention to share knowledge and behavior of knowledge sharing? (4) Does the behavior of knowledge sharing really improve the effectiveness of knowledge sharing among groups? Findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, the positive relations of the relational and structural factors with the intention to share knowledge among groups are found. However, crisis intensity was found to have no meaningful influence on the intention to share knowledge among groups. After all we could see through additional analysis that it is in curvilinear relation, not linear relation. Second, we examined relation of the intention to share knowledge with the behavior of knowledge sharing among groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that intention to share knowledge among groups had a statistically significant influence on the behavior of knowledge sharing among groups. Third, the moderating effect of accessibility on the relation between the intention to share knowledge and the behavior of knowledge sharing was found to be statistically significant. Fourth, the relation between behavior of knowledge sharing and the effectiveness among groups was found to be statistically significant, but in a negative direction. The findings imply that the quantity of knowledge sharing does not always lead to the effectiveness of knowledge sharing.

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Nutrient Leaching from Leaf Litter of Cropland Agroforest Tree Species of Bangladesh

  • Hasanuzzaman, Md.;Hossain, Mahmood
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.208-217
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    • 2014
  • Leaf litter is the main and quick source of organic matter and nutrient to the soil compared to other parts of litter. This study focused on the nutrients (N, P and K) leaching from leaf litter of Melia azadirachta, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Swietenia macrophylla, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus jujuba, Litchi chinensis, Albizia saman, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo and Khaya anthotheca as the common cropland agroforest tree species of Bangladesh. About (9 to 35) % of initial mass was lost, while Electric Conductivity (EC) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) of leaching water increased to (573 to 3,247) ${\mu}S/cm$ and (401 to 2,307) mg/l respectively after 192 hours of leaching process. Mass loss (%) of leaf litter, EC and TDS of leaching water showed significant (ANOVA, p<0.05) curvilinear relationship with leaching time. Initial concentration of NH4, PO4 and K in leaching water was found to increase significantly (p<0.05) up to 48/72 hours and then remained almost constant at later stages (48/72 to 192 hours). Mass loss of leaves; EC, TDS, $NH_4$, $PO_4$ and K in leaching water was varied also significantly (ANOVA, p<0.05) among the studied tree species. All the tree species showed similar pattern of nutrients (K>N>P) release during the leaching process. The highest $NH_4$ (4,097 ppm) and potassium (8,904 ppm) concentration was found for M. azadirachta while the highest $PO_4$ (1,331 ppm) concentration was found for E. camaldulensis in the leaching water. Among the studied tree species, M. azadirachta, A. indica, D. sissoo, E. camaldulensis and Z. jujuba was selected as the best tree species with respect to nutrient leaching.

점성토의 시간의존적 응력 - 변형 특성에 관한 연구 (Study on the Time Dependent Stress-Strain Behavior of Clay)

  • 지인택;강우묵
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.134-153
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    • 1988
  • This paper was carried out to investigate the existence of a unique stress- strain behavior by obtaining some factors influencing the time dependent stress- strain behavior of clay. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The relationship between stress ratro and strain in normally consolidated clay was in- dependent on pre-shear consolidation pressure. Therefore, shear strain could be expressed as a function with stress ratio. 2. The constitutive equation of shear strain on Modified Carn Clay Model coincided better with the observed value than Cam Clay Model. 3. The relationships between deviator stress and shear strain, between pore water pressure and shear strain were unified by the mean equivalent pressure. 4. The shear strain contour in norrnally consolidated clay was increased linearly through origin, but that in overconsolidated clay was not in accordance with the result of the former. 5. Because the effective stress path of normally consolidated clay was unified by the mean equivalent pressure, state boundary surface in (e,p,q) space was transformed into two dimensional surface. But it was considered to be suitable that the unified stress- strain in overconsolidated clay be expressed by a function with overconsolidation ratio. 6. The deviator for constant strain was increased linearly with increment of strain rate ($\varepsilon$) on semi-log scale, but pore water pressure was decreased. 7. The behavior of stress relaxation was transformed from linear to curvilinear with inc - rement of strain rate before stress relaxation test, and pore water pressure was increased in total range. 8. The strain of creep was increased linearly with increment of time on semi-log scale. The greater the strain rate before creep test became, the greater the increment of strain of creep became. And the pore water pressure during creep test was increased generally with increment of time on semi-log scale.

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공간지각에 있어 잉여정보의 의미와 분석 - NOX의 공간을 중심으로- (The Concept and Analysis of Redundant Information in Space Perception - Focused on the Works of NOX -)

  • 김주미
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2006
  • According to critics and architects, non-linear structure is not only an organic form of space, but also a form of space detached from modem style. Accordingly, non-linear structure can be accepted as an alternative to what has remained unsolved by deconstructionist. However, they are criticized for not clarifying the interdependent relationship between non-linearity of space and cognitive structure of human being. They ended up remaining the hypothesis just an intuitive and abstract one. This research began on the basis that their hypothesis is hard to be objectified, and it needs further inquiry. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the redundant factors constitute non-linear structures of digital media centered space design. Geometric compositions of space structure were analyzed to define what types of redundant factors are contrived in the process of visual information. This study about the visual form, researching the Information Theory, and then offer a quantitative analysis that makes those more objective. Space structure and geometric composition were analyzed to define what types of redundancy are contrived in the process of visual information. In particular, I put higher theoretical emphasis on what characteristics are ensued in the process of structuring spaces than any other subjects. Followings are the conclusion of analysis. First, as a result of examining, we can assume that NOX' space structure is not a chaotic form, but has an operating the form of its own. Second, in case of curvilinear, the structure was found redundancy on mid deviation ratio and discontinuous circular fabric. Although most of their structures appeared complex with a higher coherent constant, they were found to be stable factors because of the low deviation ratio between systems. The amount of surplus information was stable structure as well.

Application of EFDC and WASP7 in Series for Water Quality Modeling of the Yongdam Lake, Korea

  • Seo, Dong-Il;Kim, Min-Ae
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.439-447
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to test the feasibility of combined use of EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) hydrodynamic model and WASP7.3 (Water Quality Analysis Program) model to improve accuracy of water quality predictions of the Yongdam Lake, Korea. The orthogonal curvilinear grid system was used for EFDC model to represent riverine shape of the study area. Relationship between volume, surface and elevation results were checked to verify if the grid system represents morphology of the lake properly. Monthly average boundary water quality conditions were estimated using the monthly monitored water quality data from Korean Ministry of Environment DB system. Monthly tributary flow rates were back-routed using dam discharge data and allocated in proportion to each basin area as direct measurements were not available. The optimum number of grid system was determined to be 372 horizontal cells and 10 vertical layers of the site for 1 year simulation of hydrodynamics and water quality out of iterative trials. Monthly observed BOD, TN, TP and Chl-a concentrations inside the lake were used for calibration of WASP7.3 model. This study shows that EFDC and WASP can be used in series successfully to improve accuracy in water quality modeling. However, it was observed that the amount of data to develop inflow water quality and flow rate boundary conditions and water quality data inside lake for calibration were not enough for accurate modeling. It is suggested that object-oriented data collection systems would be necessary to ensure accuracy of EFDC-WASP model application and thus for efficient lake water quality management strategy development.

Age-related Changes in Plasma Leptin from Early Growing to Late Finishing Stages of Castrated Holstein Steers: Utilizing Multi-species Leptin RIA

  • Vega, R.A.;Lee, H.G.;Kuwayama, H.;Matsunaga, N.;Hidari, H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.725-731
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    • 2002
  • This experiment was performed to understand the changes in plasma leptin in association with plasma IGF-1, body weight and ADG from early growing to late finishing stages of Holstein steers. Blood collection was performed by arterial vein puncture at selected monthly ages of 1 (54 kg), 2.6 (103 kg), 7.2 (205 kg), 13.5 (314 kg), 16.9 (414 kg), 22.2 (550 kg), 24.9 (626 kg) and 27.4 months (695 kg). The blood was analyzed for leptin using the multi-species leptin RIA with recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) as standard, plasma IGF-1 was also measured using RIA. Against the standard rbleptin, the multi-species Leptin RIA system's sensitivity, cross reactivity, slope and recovery of 41.0 ng/ml rbleptin in plasma were 4.9 ng/ml, 11.22%, -1.396 and 97.8%, respectively. Plasma leptin measured were more than 5.0 ng/ml, which enable multi-species RIA system to investigate plasma leptin in normal growing steers. Body weight resulted to a highly significant second-degree polynomial relationship with plasma leptin (q=0.54, p<0.0001) and plasma IGF-1 (q=0.44, p<0.0001) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. However, the second-degree polynomial curve of plasma leptin and IGF-1 differs showing a concave and convex curvilinear relationship, respectively. ADG was not significantly associated to plasma leptin (r=0.06, p>0.05) and plasma IGF=1 (r=0.06, p>0.05) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. Low coefficient, but significant associated increase of plasma leptin and IGF-1 (r=0.12, p<0.008) from 1 to 27.4 months was observed. The uncoordinated increases of plasma IGF-1 at growing and plasma leptin at fattening period, may indicate (1) indirect involvement of endogenous IGF-1 on leptin secretion, and (2) IGF-1 level may signify lean and bone accretion while plasma leptin may mirror body fatness across the monthly ages of Holstein steers.

두록 정자 운동학적 특성과 Zygote arrest 1 유전자 변이와의 연관성 분석 (Association Study of Zygote Arrest 1 on Semen Kinematic Characteristics in Duroc Boars)

  • 이미진;고준호;김용민;최태정;조규호;김영신;진동일;김남형;조은석
    • 동물자원연구
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.150-157
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    • 2018
  • ZAR1은 척추동물의 초기 배아 발달에 영향을 미치는 유전자로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 두록 수퇘지 112두에서 ZAR1 유전자의 SNP을 발굴하고 ZAR1 유전자의 인트론 Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)과 정액의 운동학적 특성들과의 연관성을 규명하였다. 돼지의 정액 운동학적 특성을 분석하기 위해서 운동성(motility, MOT), 직선운동 속도(straight-line velocity, VSL), 곡선운동 속도(curvilinear velocity, VCL), 평균운동 속도(average path velocity, VAP), 직진성(linearity, LIN), 선형성(straightness, STR), 측두 이동거리(amplitude of lateral head displacement, ALH) 및 머리 진동수(beat cross frequency, BCF)를 측정하였다. SNP을 탐색하기 위해서 돼지의 혈액에서 genomic DNA를 추출하여 PCR(polymerase chain reaction)을 통해 시퀀싱 분석을 하여 유전자형을 분석하였다. 그 결과 ZAR1의 non-coding 영역인 인트론에서 SNP 3개를 확인했으며 각 각 인트론 2 영역에서 g.2435T>C, 인트론3 영역에서 g.2605G>A, g.4633A>C 변이를 보였다. g.2435T>C, g.2605G>A는 각 각 MOT(p<0.01)와 VSL(p< 0.05)에서 높은 연관성을 나타냈고 g.4633A>C는 MOT, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH에서 높은 연관성을 나타냈다(p<0.01). 본 연구에서는 ZAR1 유전자의 SNP이 돼지 정액의 운동학적 특성들에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 ZAR1이 우수한 수퇘지들에서 번식능력이 높은 개체를 선발할 수 있는 후보유전자로 제시하며 다양한 돼지의 품종과 더 많은 두수를 확보하여 검증연구를 통해 우수한 능력의 수퇘지에서 활력이 좋은 개체를 선발하는 분자마커 연구의 기초자료로 사용이 가능하다.

Pythium myriotyrum에 의한 생강뿌리썩음병의 발생상태 (Ecology of Ginger Rhizome Rot Development Caused by Pythium myriotylum)

  • 김충회;양성석;한기돈
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.184-190
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    • 1997
  • 생강뿌리썩음병의 발병진전은 35~40 C에서 가장 빨랐으며 온도가 내려갈수록 병반진전속도도 감소하였다. 생육상 시험에서 초장 22~25 cm의 생강을 고사시키는데 걸리는 시간도 35~40 C의 고온에서는 5일이 소요되어 15 C의 15일에 비하여 1/3에 불과하였다. 상대습도 90% 이상의 고습도, 최대포장용수량의 80%이상의 높은 토양수분, 재식깊이 4 cm 이상의 깊이심기는 뿌리썩음병의 병반진전속도를 증가시키는 요인이었다. P. myriotylum의 토양내 전염원은 균사절편, 팽윤균사편, 유사 난포자, 혹은 유주자의 형태로 존재하였다. P. myriotylum은 생강 주위의 토양표면에 임의로 분포하고 있었으며 표토로부터 10 cm 이내의 토양에서 가장 밀도가 높았고 그 이하 토양에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 한 생강식물의 근면과 근권토양내 P. myriotylum의 밀도는 큰 차이가 없었으나 건전주와 이병주 사이에는 큰 차이가 있어서 이병주에서의 밀도가 건전주에 비하여 수배-수백배 이상 높았다. 토양내 병원균 밀도와 뿌리썩음병의 발병정도와는 정의 곡선적 상관관계가 있었다.

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Computerized Sperm Motility Analyzer를 이용한 Human Sperm의 Hyperactivated Motility의 객관적 관찰에 관한 연구 (Objective Identification of Human Sperm Hyperactivation by Computerized Sperm Motion Analysis)

  • 이희경;이찬;김현숙;김영태;김선행;구병삼
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1994
  • The occurrence and time course of capacitation, acrosomal loss, and hyperactivated motility require quantitative definition in order to characterize fertile human sperm. Recently the method has been developed to estimate the quality of spermatozoa by using kinematic parameters such as curvilinear velocity(VCL), average path velocity(VAP), linearity(LIN), straightness(STR), amplitude of lateral head displacement(ALH), and beat cross frequence(BCF) from Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). In this study, using the Hamilton Thorn motility analyzer HTM 2030(Hamilton Thorn Research, Beverly, MA), we attempted to identify the spermatozoa with hyperactivated motility (HA) objectively and to monitor hyperactivation of human spermatozoa during incubation in capacitating media and after treatment of calcium ionophore as compared with acrosome status. And we examined whether HA are related to the result of SPA. Semen samples obtained from 16 healthy men were prepared by swim up technique and preincubated in a capacitating media(modified BWW medium) for 5 hours and treated with calcium ionophore solution. The acrosome reaction was detected with PSA-FITC labelling of the acrosome and in vitro sperm ferilizing capacity was assessed by the zona free hamster ovum penetration assay (SPA). The incidence of hyperactivated sperm was 2.6% in fresh semen, 14.3% of the swim up population, 13.7% after 5h of incubation. Significant increase of percentage of hyperactivated sperm was observed after the incubation (p<0.05) but after treatment, no significant changes of percentage of hyperactivated sperm(l1.8%) in contrast to significant rise in the percentage of acrosome reacted cells. Correlation analysis failed to show any significant relationship between the percentage of sperm with HA and SPA score. In conclusion, although no direct correlations were found between the results of SPA and HA, hyperactivation of sperm is associated with capacitation and monitoring hyperactivated sperm will be expected as a method of evaluating the functional quality of sperm such as SPA.

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표토(表土)의 점토함량(粘土含量)이 토양화학성(土壤化學性) 및 수도수량(水稻收量)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Changes of Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Relation to Clay Content of Surface Soil)

  • 신원교;임정남;류관식;엄기태
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.301-304
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    • 1983
  • 1979년(年)에 전국적(全國的)으로 수행(遂行)되었던 수도(水稻) 3 요소(要素) 비료시험(肥料試驗) 포장(圃場) 중에서 재배방법(栽培方法)이 동일(同一)한 42개소(個所)를 선정(選定)하여 작토층(作土層)의 점토함량(粘土含量)에 따른 토양화학성(土壤化學性) 및 수량성(收量性)과의 상관관계(相關關係)를 분석(分析)하였다. 점토함량(粘土含量)이 높아질수록 보비능(保肥能)과 양분함량(養分含量)은 증대(增大)되었다. 한편 무비재배하(無肥栽培下)에서 점토함량(粘土含量)과 수량간(收量間)에는 직선함수적(直線函數的) 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으므로 논토양(土壤)의 자연생산력(自然生産力)은 사질토(砂質土)에서 식질토(埴質土)에서 양호(良好)하였다. 반면(反面)에 합리적(合理的) 시비하(施肥下)에서는 점토함량(粘土含量)과 수량(收量)은 곡선함수적(曲線函數的) 상관관계(相關關係)를 보여 최대생산력(最大生産力)은 점토함량(粘土含量)이 26% 부근(附近)인 양토(壤土)에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 점토(粘土)가 14~38% 범위내(範圍內)에서 수량(收量)의 변이(變異)는 매우 크지 않았으므로 점토함량(粘土含量)이 약(約) 15% 이하(以上)의 수준(水準)을 넘으면 논토양(土壤)의 수도생산력(水稻生産力)에는 장해(障害)가 없을 것으로 판단(判斷)된다.

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