• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat types of prickly lettuce, Lactuca scariola of Europe origin for supplying the basic data of management plan. It showed fairly nation-wide distribution although excessive growth was rather limited in the wild. Its habitat types were divided into four types like open fields, roadsides, seashores and riversides. Species diversity examined by species rank-dominance curve tended to increase over riverside > seashores > open fields > roadsides. As a result of analyzing life form, therophytes were more than 50%, means that the habitats of L. scariola were disturbed by human activities etc. Urbanization Index was analyzed 9.1% in roadsides, 7.4% in seashores, 5.8% in open fields and riversides. It has high spread potential with a large number of wind-flying seed per plant. It was evaluated that prickly lettuce was mainly spread along the newly constructed road, expressway and invaded the original ecosystem in the cultivated land as weeds. But it has played a role as a pioneer species in open fields. It is recommended to remove where it has considerable impact on the native plant species of conservation value.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1027-1032
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• 2012

Two types of very small multiplying gears and arrays have been developed for new dental hand-pieces, and the increased speed ratios, modules, number of teeth, gear diameters, and gear types were calculated based on the dynamics of the machinery. The contacting and bending strengths were evaluated for gear teeth with two design concepts using AGMA equations and finite element analyses, and the contacting stresses on teeth with and without DLC (diamond-like-carbon) coating layers were calculated. Fatigue and tension tests were performed to obtain an S-N curve, the Young's modulus, and the strength of the gear material, and these were utilized in the analyses. Slightly larger stresses were found for 2-axis-type gears than for other types of gears, and the S-N curves showed that a gear lifetime of 109 cycles was satisfied. The contacting stresses in gears coated with DLC were reduced by 30%. A new prototype model of a hand-piece with small gears was successfully fabricated and tested.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2020

It were found that the heavyweight waste glass can be used as a construction materials including concrete from previous experimental studies. In this study, in order to evaluate the structural behavior of RC members using heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate, a flexural behavior test was performed. And then, its results were compared with those obtained from non-linear finite element model analysis. From the results, when the heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate in RC member, the area of compressive crushing and the number of cracks increased, however, the mean of cracking spacing decreased. Also it had reduced the ductility at high loading stage. For this reason, the same analysis method about the RC member using natural sand as fine aggregate did not predict the initial stiffness, yield load and maximum load on the flexural behavior of the RC members using heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate. On the other hand, when it is analytically implemented the reduction of neutral axis depth due to developed compression crushing, the results of non-linear finite element analysis could be predicted the experimental results, relatively well.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2019

This study derived the Flood-Inducing-Rainfall (FIR) and the Flood-Inducing-Runoff (FIRO) from the radar-gage composite data to be used as the basis of the flood warning initiation for the urban area of Seoul. For this, we derived the rainfall depth-duration relationship for the 261 flood events at 239 watersheds during the years 2010 and 2011 based on the 10-minute 1km-1km radar-gauge composite rainfall field. The relationship was further refined by the discrete ranges of the proportion of the flooded area in the watershed (FP) and the coefficient variation of the rainfall time series (CV). Then, the slope of the straight line that contains all data points in the depth-duration relationship plot was determined as the FIR for the specified range of the FP and the CV. Similar methodology was applied to derive the FIRO, which used the runoff depths that were estimated using the NRCS Curve Number method. We found that FIR and FIRO vary at the range of 37mm/hr-63mm/hr and the range of 10mm/hr-42mm/hr, respectively. The large variability was well explained by the FP and the CV: As the FP increases, FIR and FIRO increased too, suggesting that the greater rainfall causes larger flooded area; as the rainfall CV increases, FIR and FIRO decreased, which suggests that the temporally concentrated rainfall requires less total of rainfall to cause the flood in the area. We verified our result against the 21 flood events that occurred for the period of 2012 through 2015 for the same study area. When the 5 percent of the flooded area was tolerated, the ratio of hit-and-miss of the warning system based on the rainfall was 44.2 percent and 9.5 percent, respectively. The ratio of hit-and-miss of the warning system based on the runoff was 67 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively. Lastly, we showed the importance of considering the radar-gauge composite rainfall data as well as rainfall and runoff temporal variability in flood warning system by comparing our results to the ones based on the gauge-only or radar-only rainfall data and to the one that does not account for the temporal variability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.315-315
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• 2018

L-THIA ACN-WQ 2016 모형 개선 연구에서는 침투량 산정, 다중 기상지점 등 유역 규모 확대를 목적으로 엔진 개선과 모형의 최적 매개변수 선정을 위해 최적화 알고리즘을 활용한 자동보정 모듈을 개발하였다. 개선된 침투량 초기손실 산정 계수를 적용한 침투량 산정 방법을 Green-Ampt 모형의 침투량 산정 결과와 비교한 결과 편차는 매우 작았으며, Green-Ampt 모형을 통해 산정된 침투량 범위 내에 분포되어 개선된 침투량 산정 방법의 결과가 유효한 값을 의미하는 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 도출된 초기손실 산정 계수를 관계식으로 개발하여 L-THIA ACN-WQ 2018 모형 내에서 CN에 따른 초기손실량이 산정되도록 하였고, 이를 기반으로 침투량 및 기저유출량이 산정된다. 유역 규모 확대를 위해 다중 기상지점이 적용되도록 엔진 코드를 개선하였으며, 평창A와 고부A 유역을 대상으로 단일 기상지점과 다중 기상지점 적용에 따른 유출 해석을 유량지속곡선을 통해 비교 한 결과 다중 기상지점 적용에 따라서 평창A와 고부A 유역 모두 유황구간이 크게 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 고부A 유역은 우황 변동 특성이 크게 나타났는데, 지역적 강우 특성이 뚜렷한 유역에서는 유출해석에 매우 중요한 영향인자로 작용되는 것으로 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 L-THIA ACN-WQ 2018모형을 이용함에 있어 유역 특성에 알맞은 최적 매개변수 산정을 위해 유량 및 TN, TP 자동보정 툴을 개발하였다. 자동보정툴은 2개의 보정방안으로 개발하였다. 첫 번째는 유역 전체에 대해 하나의 최적매개변수를 도출하는 것이며, 두번째는 유역 내 다중 보정 지점을 통해 소유역별 최적매개변수를 도출하는 것이다. 이를 통해 사용자는 모형의 활용 목적 및 가용 가능한 보정 자료 등을 고려하여 모형의 최적 매개변수를 도출할 수 있다. 이렇게 개선된 L-THIA ACN-WQ 2018 모형을 총량단위유역 한강 평창A와 금강 고부A에 적용한 결과 유량은 NSE 0.76, 0.85로 매우 높게 나타났으며, TN, TP의 NSE는 0.64 ~ 0.86 로 매우 높은 적용성 결과가 도출되었다. Ryu(2016)의 연구 결과와 비교해보면 평창A는 NSE와 $R^2$ 수치로는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 유량 모의에서 일별 예측값 변화 폭에 큰 변화가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기존 L-THIA ACN-WQ 2016모형 결과에서는 일별 유량의 변동성이 매우 크지만, L-THIA ACN-WQ 2018 모형에서는 일별 유량 변동폭이 크게 감소하여, 유량 모의에 큰 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2005

LV transition curves for poly(ethylene-co-15.3 mol% octene) ($PEO_{15}$) and poly(ethylene- co-17.0 mol% octene) ($PEO_{17}$) were measured in cyclo-pentane and cyclo-hexane. Between $40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, the LV curve for ($PEO_{15}$ + cyclo pentane) located $1.1{\sim}2.7$ bar higher than that for ($PEO_{17}$+ cyclo-pentane). In cyclo-hexane, similar behavior was observed for $PEO_{15}$ and $PEO_{17}$ solution except the pressure difference reduced to $0.9{\sim}l.6$ bar. If the backbone structure of $PEO_{15}$ were identical to that of $PEO_{17}$, the LV line for $PEO_{17}$ would locate at high pressures than that for $PEO_{15}$, since the number average molecular weight of $PEO_{17}$ (Ave. Mn=153,040) is 1.9 times higher 4han that of $PEO_{15}$ (Ave. Mn=82,200). The difference in the octene comonomer content between $PEO_{15}$ and $PEO_{17}$ is only 1.7 mole%, nevertheless this small difference in the backbone structure of the PEO greatly affected the location of the L-V curves in the mixtures comprised of PEO and cyclo-alkane.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1261-1271
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• 2018

This study evaluates the applicability of the classification rule of hydrological soil group proposed by Lee et al. (2018) with its application to three river basins (Jungmuncheon, Cheonmicheon, and Hancheon) in Jeju Island. The CN values are estimated as results of this application to these three basins, which is then compared with those estimated by applying the conventional three methods. Additionally, previous studies related with the classification of soil groups of Jesu Island, such as the infiltration and rainfall-runoff analysis, are reviewed to evaluate how the resulting hydrological soil groups vary depending on the adopted classification method.. Summarizing the results is as follows. (1) Comparison result of the hydrological soil groups of Jeju Island with respect to the classification method shows that the soil group B is dominant in the application of Lee et al. (2018). However, it is hydrological soil groups C and D in the application of Hu and Jung (1987), hydrological soil groups A and C in the application of Jung et al. (1995), and hydrological soil group D in the application of RDA (2007). (2) In all the applications of Lee et al. (2018) to three selected river basins in Jeju Island, the CN valuse are found to be smaller than those by other conventional three methods.. Lastly, (3) The evaluation results of previous studies related with the classification of hydrological soil groups analysis in Jeju Island shows that the CN value in the Jeju Island may be smaller than those estimated by conventional three methods, also the initial loss higher than 0.2S.

• Journal of The Korean Society For Urban Railway
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-350
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• 2018

The rail wear measurements in urban underground railway have been analyzed to predict the particulate matter emission caused by rail wear which is one of the major sources of particulate matter emission for underground railway systems. From the rail profile variations measured in the interval of one and half year by dedicated rail wear measuring instrument over the commercial urban underground railway line, 'line-s' which is about 45km long, the characteristics as well as the amount of rail wear have been analyzed after dividing the whole line into about 170 section with radius of curve(R). It has been concluded that the vertical wear parameter V0 and corner wear parameter C0 have been selected to represent the wear amount of straight and curved rail respectively. The amount of rail wear as well as the particulate matter emission by rail wear over the whole line normalized by the rail length as well as the number of train has also been deduced from the relationship between the rail wear parameters and the amount of rail cross-section area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.500-506
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• 2019

In this study, we present a decision function of optimal smoothing parameter for baseline correction using Asymmetrically reweighted penalized least squares (arPLS). Baseline correction is very important due to influence on performance of spectral analysis in application of spectroscopy. Baseline is often estimated by parameter selection using visual inspection on analyte spectrum. It is a highly subjective procedure and can be tedious work especially with a large number of data. For these reasons, an objective procedure is necessary to determine optimal parameter value for baseline correction. The proposed function is defined by modeling the median value of possible parameter range as the length and order of the background signal. The median value increases as the length of the signal increases and decreases as the degree of the signal increases. The simulated data produced a total of 112 signals combined for the 7 lengths of the signal, adding analytic signals and linear and quadratic, cubic and 4th order curve baseline respectively. According to the experimental results using simulated data with linear, quadratic, cubic and 4th order curved baseline, and real Raman spectra, we confirmed that the proposed function can be effectively applied to optimal parameter selection for baseline correction using arPLS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.