• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

Confinement is one of the major concepts for bond of reinforcing steel to concrete. Cover distance, and lateral reinforcement are the key factors for current provisions for development and splices of reinforcement. However, the current provisions still being complicated to calculate major variables need to be developed in the process of design. In this study, an experimental work was performed to examine the behavior of bond using beam end specimens. The test results and previous available data are analyzed to isolate the effects of confinement on bond strength. From this reevaluation, new provisions for development and splice of reinforcement are proposed. The provisions also propose some limits for confinement index. The new provisions will help engineers to decide easily the simple but conservative way for manual calculations or the exact approach for computerized design.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.175-175
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• 1987

Business reengineering (BR) is an emerging idea that attempts to restructure inefficient, current business processes through redesigning jobs and exploiting new information technology (IT), and helps achieving significant improvements in white-collar productivity and returns of IT investment. This research analyzed order-taking and purchasing processes of a company (a coil distributor) using BR concepts, models and principles. We also made proposals for reengineering the present business processes. For this, BR literatures were reviewed to derive BR models and principles to be used for analyses. We applied these ideas to six(6) types of order-taking and purchasing processes of Company T. For each type, current processes, BR analyses, and proposals for BR were described. Finally, findings were summarized and discussed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.55-65
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• 1989

Nevertheless the serious environmental pollution in Korea has been discussed in concern with health effect, the significant effect are not determined easily. Toxicological method has been used to establish safe levels of exposure for environmental pollutants to have threshold health effect below which significant effects are unlikely to occur. However the conventional method cannot to establish safe levels of exposure for non-threshold pollutants have been used to express comprehensive pollution degree, not in detailed toxic effects. Acceptable exposure or risk levels are decides by policymakers who consider descriptions and estimates of risks together with social and economic benefits. This paper focuses on the concept development of risk assessment and describes some risks of environmental pollution based on the surveyed date in Korea. The current concepts of risk assessment in policy descisions can be explored and areas for possible improvement, given current scientific knowledge are identified. The experience of foreign countries can provide a realistic basis for evaluating the existing data of environmental pollutants. To improve the environmental quality, risk regulation should be managed as soon as possible in Korea.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.175-195
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• 1995

Business reengineering (BR) is an emerging idea that attempts to restructure inefficient, current business processes through redesigning jobs and exploiting new information technology (IT), and helps achieving significant improvements in white-collar productivity and returns of IT investment. This research analyzed order-taking and purchasing processes of a company (a coil distributor) using BR concepts, models and principles. We also made proposals for reengineering the present business processes. For this, BR literatures were reviewed to derive BR models and principles to be used for analyses. We applied these ideas to six(6) types of order-taking and purchasing processes of Company T. For each type, current processes, BR analyses, and proposals for BR were described. Finally, findings were summarized and discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Purpose - This paper examines product design management, the current design focus of which has shifted to the need to produce innovation applications that can effectively respond to the market's consumption changes in a timely manner. Research design, data, methodology - This study discusses several methodologies that are widely used in experimental processes, such as fuzzy theory, multi-criteria decision-making theory, and managing decision making. The designers will better understand their customers by applying these methodologies. This study examines how the current trend in product innovation design observes customer needs, controls innovation, and stimulates design ability. Results - This paper takes innovative telephone design as an experimental case to investigate how to create a product using market-oriented and customized management concepts and creative design abilities. Conclusions - If accompanied by an innovative product value chain, a product can further the development of enterprise management, now the main element of every developed country's social and economic development.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.781-788
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• 2010

An often overlooked issue in the field of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy is its limited capacity for effective systemic delivery. Although primary tumors can be treated effectively with intralesional injection of conventional Ad vectors, systemic metastasis is difficult to cure. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, non-specific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed for the purpose of maximizing Ad anti-tumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Integration of viral and non-viral nanomaterials will substantially advance both fields, creating new concepts in gene therapeutics. This review focuses on current advances in the development of smart Ad hybrid nanocomplexes based on various design-based strategies for optimal Ad systemic administration.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-46
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• 2011

Recently, performance auditing system of governmen is carried out as most promising framework of government audit. Performance audit by the Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea involves assessing the causes and effects of government policies, programs, and Institutions with the criteria of economy, efficiency, effectiveness. Performance auditing will contribute to strengthening the values of objective assessments of whether public resources are responsibly and effectively managed to achieve intended results. Nevertheless, there seems to be a problems appears in implementation of audit. That is the problems of tendency return to legitimacy audit which is result from the lack of strong approach and methodology. So, this study purpose to developing stronger audit concepts and methods that add to the process and framework of traditional performance auditing system. First, this study evaluates the limitation of current performance auditing system with the perspective of systems thinking. Second, this study analyzes the process and method of current system and develop the conceptual model of the Dynamics Audit System using the system dynamics methodology, which focused on the appropriate auditing process and framework.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 1998

Finite element analysis is very important in the design and analysis of mechanical engineering. The process of FEA encompasses shape modeling, mesh generation, matrix solving and post-processing. Some of these processes can be tightly integrated with the current software architectures and data sharing mode. However, complete integration of all the FEA process itself and the integration to the manufacturing processes is almost impossible in the current practice. The barriers to this problem are inconsistent data format and the enterprise-wise software integration technology. In this research, the information model based on STEP AP209 was chosen for handling finite element analysis data. The international standard for the FEA data can bridge the gap between design, analysis and manufacturing processes. The STEP-based FEA system can be further tightly integrated to the distributed software and database environment using CORBA technology. The prototype FEA system DICESS is implemented to verify the proposed concepts.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-91
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• 2002

Method of management of the spine injury should be determined, based on the status of neurological injury as well as on the presence of traumatic instability. At the thoracic and lumbar spine, patterns of neurological injury are different from the cervical spine due to their neuro-anatomical characteristics. Especially, at the thoracolumbar junction, neurological injury patterns with their respective prognosis vary from the complete cord injury or conus medullaris syndrome to the cauda equina syndrome according to the injury level. The concept of Holdsworth's instability based on the posterior ligament complex theory has evolved into the current 3-column theory of Denis. Flexion-rotation injury and fracture-dislocation are well known to be unstable that surgical fixation is frequently needed for these injuries. However, there have been some controversies for the stability of burst fractures and their treatment, such as indirect or direct decompression and anterior or posterior approach. In this article, current concepts and management of traumatic instabilities at the thoracic and lumbar spine have been reviewed and summarized.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

In most multi-stage forging processes, the die spotting process or alignment of punch and die depends on the manual operation. It results a very tedious and inefficient procedure, thus the proper measurement system is needed to improve productivity and accuracy. This paper proposes a measurement system for alignment of die and punch which has a cylindrical holder, and describes the system concepts using 3 eddy-current displacement transducers and precise measurement jig. In order to apply this measurement system to real situations, the measuring procedures and system calibration method, etc. are proposed. Finally, the accuracy and productivity of this measurement system are investigated in this paper.