• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1998

Animal cells in culture typically convert most of the glucose they consume into lactate. The accumulation of lactate, however, is commonly cited as one of the factors that inhibit cell growth and limit the maximum cell concentration that can be achieved in culture. The specific production of lactate and the amount of glucose converted to lactate can be reduced when cells are grown in a fed-batch culture in which the residual glucose concentration is maintained at low levels. Such a fed-batch culture was used to grow and adapt hybridoma cells into a low-lactate-producing state before changing into continuous culture. The cells reached and maintained a high viable cell concentration at steady state. In a similar manner, cells that were initially grown in batch culture and a glucose-rich environment reached a steady state with a cell concentration that is much lower. The feed composition and dilution rates for both cultures were similar, suggesting steady state multiplicity. From a processing perspective the desired steady state among those is the one with the least metabolite production. At such seady state nutrient concentration in the feed can be further increased to increase cell and product concentrations without causing the metabolite inhibitory effect typically seen in a cell culture. Controlling cell metabolism in a continuous culture to reduce or eliminate waste metabolite production may significantly improve the productivity of mammalian cell culture processes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

Comtemporary popular culture fosters information exchanges through the development of digital products. Digital products may lead, or may be led, by outline popular culture. However, popular culture is possible off-line as well. There are certainly diverse classes of people who use digital products; however, the major users are those who mainly use the networks. These users have ample access to information and thereby lead popular culture and also are led by it. Surely, it is not only the popular culture that digital products take into consideration. In modern times, personal computers and the Internet are changing into privately owned digital products. Amid the collective tendency of popular culture, the owned products emphasize the fact that it is ′mine only.′It would be goad if ′interesting′materials, something that teenagers like, are added to digital products. Surely, there is a limit to ′interesting′ materials, but the materials of "S or energy," which has a certain sense of humor as well as giving out fresh energy, can be considered in digital product esign. It can be considered a modern pattern, or at least the addition of a new value, and not the old-time pattern of the "Ten Long-Living Animals." More popular and diverse colors are needed in the mix of digital products used by adults who are middle-aged or elderly. If altered colors are applied to the digital products as much as popular culture changes, it can assist the elderly with their weakened physical abilities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.796-811
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• 2010

Research materials of Korean traditional shoes have so far been mainly literary explanations or plane pictures expressed on the basis of the explanations and photographs of incomplete forms of relics excavated and it makes us have difficulty in observing them visually and producing products with them by design application. This project is to establish database of literal data of Korean traditional shoes and visual data using 3D in order to make the foundation of developing culture industry contents using Korean traditional shoes. According to the initial research plan. first. it analyzed and arranged the Korean traditional shoes into period. sex and function as the research goals of the first year. categorized the form. composition. materials. patterns. and colors of traditional shoes and then database of the materials was performed with text. Second. visual image materials including forms. composition. materials. patterns. and colors of traditional shoes were established as database with scanner. digital camera and computer 2D. Results of such a database will be able to be used as important materials which can be the foundation of culture industry contents development of traditional shoes and be the materials for developing digital culture contents of traditional shoes and teaching Korean traditional culture.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.253-279
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• 2017

This study aims to examine how the Chinese popular culture, especially music, can contribute to diversification of the ancillary materials for teaching Chinese language, literature and culture, based on the analysis of some songs of Jay Chou. For this purpose, this study analysed 10 songs that have been used in the tests or the text contents in China or Taiwan in terms of rhyme, words relation to the ancient poems, and the Chinese culture. Consequently, the songs of Jay Chou show that they can be used as an ancillary material in the Chinese class from the linguistic, literary, and cultural angles. For use in the Chinese language, literature, culture class in the future, there is a constant need to discover and analyse new materials from the Chinese popular culture.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.271-292
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate what English teachers think about what and how to teach culture, as a way of helping students build relevant background knowledge and enhance their motivation in learning English. A total of 300 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire in four areas: (i) their understanding and liking of English-spoken countries, (ii) their use of materials and tools for teaching culture, (iii) their consciousness of teaching culture, and (iv) their needs for culture learning in the teacher-training program. The results show that (i) they think American culture is dominant in EFL but they are much interested in British culture; (ii) they rely on internet most for their cultural experience while they think students get much of the cultural information from textbooks; (iii) they are very much conscious of the importance of teaching culture for improving students' English proficiency; (iv) they want to learn in the teacher training program more about cultural practice, which can be subsumed under the so called 'small c'. The findings suggest that (i) textbooks need to include contents to promote students' cultural awareness and foster intercultural competence, (ii) teachers should use authentic materials with appropriate adaptation, and (iii) a teacher training program should cover a wide range of contents and skills for teaching culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.277.2-277.2
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• 2013

Petri dishes and glass slides have been widely used as general substrates for in vitro mammalian cell cultures due to their culture viability, optical transparency, experimental convenience, and relatively low cost. Despite the aforementioned benefit, however, the flat two-dimensional substrates exhibit limited capability in terms of realistically mimicking cellular polarization, intercellular interaction, and differentiation in the non-physiological culture environment. Here, we report a protocol of culturing embryonic rat hippocampal neurons on the electro-spun polymeric network and the results from examination of neuronal cell behavior and network formation on this culture platform. A combinatorial method of laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging technique was employed to track axonal outgrowth and synaptic connectivity of the neuronal cells deposited on this model culture environment. The present microfiber-based scaffold supports the prolonged viability of three-dimensionally-formed neuronal networks and their microscopic geometric parameters (i.e., microfiber diameter) strongly influence the axonal outgrowth and synaptic connection pattern. These results implies that electro-spun fiber scaffolds with fine control over surface chemistry and nano/microscopic geometry may be used as an economic and general platform for three-dimensional mammalian culture systems, particularly, neuronal lineage and other network forming cell lines.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.14
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• 2020

Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3+ subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.131-149
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• 2014

Tibetans are one of the ethnic Chinese minorities, and this research examined the characteristics and features of their traditional costumes by investigating their historical, geographical and cultural background. This research also examined the cultural elements according to their characteristics based on Tibet's nature, religion, arts culture such as the Jang-po, Chin-sam, Kam-kjun and belts, which are used to fix the costumes. Based on such studies the traditional Tibetan costumes were set as a motif and were expressed appropriately into a contemporary style. By studying the composition of its costumes and its costume culture, the characteristics of the Tibetan costumes could be classified into four features. First, the 'variability of form' expresses a new type depending on how it is worn. Second, the 'color contrast' shows a strong visual contrast. Third, the 'difference of materials' combines different materials into one. Fourth, the 'symbolic meaning' grants meaning to the wearer. As a result of this study, by using the characteristics of the Tibetan nature culture, religion culture and art culture as a basis, two suits of clothes for each characteristics and six suits of clothes were produced as a fashion design product.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.221-244
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to prepare educational contents and criteria for selecting advertisement materials by exploring the necessity of value system education in Korean culture education. Furthermore, the study aims to suggest advertisements that contain meaningful materials through the criteria among the public and commercial advertisements as of 2017. Advertisements have advantages in three aspects as they focus on current culture, cultural implications and the ease of teaching and learning. These advantages indicate the usefulness of advertisements in value education. Also, the research of Hofstede (2010), Kang (2007), and Kim et al. (2011) provide discussion regarding educational contents. Subsequently, the criteria for selecting advertisements are further developed as the main purpose of this study. The criterion are to consider the objectives of culture education, to take into account the learning situation, to find relevance between the contents of the advertisement and the contents for the value system education, and consider expressive methods of advertisements and extensibility to the activities. Next, advertisements were selected for core educational items and the list of 22 is presented according to the value system, educational contents and the criterion of the advertisements discussed in the above.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.725-750
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• 2018

Uigue(儀軌) is the report of court events, and its contents are very detailed and crucial as it is even called as the flower of written culture. Thus, many research theses about Uigue have been accumulated in academic circles so far, and easy books about Uigue targeting ordinary people have also been published. However, Uigue has not been used actively in educational circles yet. From now on, we should develop and induce ways to use Uigue actively in educational spots in order to let students who will lead our future have pride in our culture and know about the superiority of our court music culture. Especially when court music culture is taught in the sector of Korean traditional music education, it is beneficial to use Uigue. Since most of the court music repertory is slow and magnificent, if court music itself is exposed beforehand, it might give them an impression that it is "unexciting and boring". Therefore, this study gropes for teaching methods to 'show' court music culture first through various visual aids contained in Uigue. In other words, it examines how the instrument images, band images, dance images, or concert stages contained in Uigue can be used as teaching materials. Except for the materials selected in this article, there are plenty of teaching materials for court music culture in Uigue. Furthermore, it would be even better if not just Uigue but Oryeseo (五禮書), Akseo(樂書), Dobyeong(圖屛), and Gwanchan Akbo(樂譜) can be added to widen its range for more multilateral court music culture education. And if at the educational spots, showing classic court music culture is accompanied with listening to court music through various materials of court music and dance, we can expect even better educational effects from it.