• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.407-409
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• 2000

Outer envelope membrane proteins of chloroplasts encoded by the nuclear genome are transported without the N-terminal transit peptide. Here, we investigated the targeting mechanism of AtOEP7, an Arabidopsis homolog of small outer envelope membrane proteins in vivo. AtOEP7 was expressed transiently in protoplasts or stably in transgenic plants as fusion proteins with GFP. In both cases AtOEP7:GFP was targeted to the outer envelope membrane when assayed under a fluorescent microscope or by Western blot analysis. Except the transmembrane domain, deletions of the N- or C-terminal regions of AtOEP7 did not affect targeting although a region closed to the C-terminal side of the transmembrane domain affected the targeting efficiency. Targeting experiments with various hybrid transmembrane mutants revealed that the amino acid sequence of the transmembrane domain determines the targeting specificity The targeting mechanism was further studied using a fusion protein, AtOEP7：NLS：GFP, that had a nuclear localization signal. AtOEP7：NLS：GFP was efficiently targeted to the chloroplast envelope despite the presence of the nuclear localization signal. Taken together, these results suggest that the transmembrane domain of AtOEP7 functions as the sole determinant of targeting specificity and that AtOEP7 may be associated with a cytosolic component during translocation to the chloroplast envelope membrane.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2009

Vibrio parahaemolyticus possessing urease-positive property is relatively rare, but such strains consistently exhibit the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) gene. In this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity expression, using the TH3996 and AQ4673 strains where the enzyme activity is known to be temperature-dependent and -independent, respectively. In the TH3996 strain, $\beta$-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after $30^{\circ}C$ cultivation than after $37^{\circ}C$ in a ureR-lacZ fusion strain, but temperature dependency was not found in ureD- or nikA-lacZ fusion strains. However, ureR-, ureD-, and nikA-lacZ fusions of the AQ4673 strain was not influenced by incubation temperature. We compared the promoter sequences of ureR between the above two strains. Intriguingly, we detected mismatches of two nucleotides between the two strains located at positions -66 and -108 upstream of the methionine initiation codon for UreR. Additionally, urease activity was not affected by culture temperature at either $30^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ by allelic introduction of the AQ4673 ureR gene into the TH3996 ureR deletion mutant. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the transcriptional factor UreR is involved in the temperature dependency of urease activity, and two nucleotides within the ureR promoter region are of particular importance for the urease activity dependency of V. parahaemolyticus.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The present study compared the developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in the bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from different age and cell cycle of female donor nucleus. In experiment 1, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was slightly increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts compared to those with adult fibroblasts, but there was no significantly (p<0.05) differences. Telomerase activity was also similar in blastocysts cloned with fetal and adult fibroblasts. Up-regulated RPS4X and down-regulated MeCP2, XIAP, and XIST transcript level were observed in blastocysts cloned with adult fibroblasts, compared to those with fetal fibroblasts. In experiment 2, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was significantly (p<0.05) increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase of the cell cycle, compared to those of fetal fibroblasts at late G1 phase. DNMT1 transcript was observed to significantly (p<0.05) increased in the fetal fibroblasts at 3 hrs after trypsin treatment of confluent culture. Further, level of telomerase activity and transcribed X-linked genes was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the early G1 SCNT blastocysts than those of late G1. The results imply that fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase induces the enhanced developmental potential and up-regulated telomerase activity and X-linked gene, but aberrant transcript pattern of X-linked genes may be displayed in the SCNT embryos.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.116-120
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• 2004

The medicinal properties of Ganoderma lucidum have been recognized in China for many centuries. Active pharmaceutical components include triterpenes. To elucidate the molecular regulation of triterpene biosynthesis in this mushroom, a 57-base pair DNA fragment encoding the fourth conserved domain SQ-4 (SMGLFLQKTNIIRDYNEDL) of squalene synthase was synthesized and cloned into the expression vector pET-32a(＋). The recombinant fusion protein induced by IPTG (isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactopyranoside) was overexpressed in the Escherichia coli. Using the purified recombinant fusion protein of 20.9 kDa, a specific polyclonal antibody was obtained from immunized rabbit. Expression of squalene synthase at different development stages of Ganoderma lucidum was analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.158-170
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• 2016

This study analyzes historical drama costumes as a domain of popular culture through an examination of the changing process, factors, and design characteristics of historical drama costumes according to trend changes in historical dramas after the 2000s. Public interest in Korean traditional clothing has grown due to the historical drama fever. Research results are as follows. First, historical dramas are divided into: authentic historical dramas, popular dramas, and fusion dramas. Historical drama costumes show characters' status and roles to help viewers become absorbed in dramas and increase understanding the historical periods and knowledge. Second, the characteristics of TV historical drama costumes (according to changes of the historical dramas according to 2000) brought diversification as they are diversified by period, genre, and character and costumes which are suitable for them additionally resurfaced. Third, as for the design characteristics by type in TV historical costume after 2000s, authentic historical dramas' design was done by comparatively in-depth historical research based on historical materials to help public understand the past. Popular historical drama costumes are based on history, but the forms of costumes were emphasized (or exaggerated); in addition, colors, subjects, and patterns were modified to emphasize image beauty, dramas' atmosphere, and characters by reflecting intention. The fusion of historical dramas' costumes attracted the attention of the public about Korean designs that harmonized tradition with modernity to actively reflect current trends in past periods and show new types of creative design.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.160-173
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• 2011

Increased internet use under a ubiquitous environment may be called as a great human information space revolution followed by Industrial Revolution. This revolution is exerting its significant influence over all the industry as a whole with speed faster than that of any other times. Along with this trend, if furniture design field that leads living culture should fail to jump on this main stream without noticing it, it may be reduced to a unpopular field some day without any sign of recovery. Under this background, this study is intended to recognize a goal aiming at understanding our rapidly changing living environment and leading our way positively. Currently, our surrounding living environment is immersed in computers here and there and Mark Weiser once defined a system that moves in advance before an action as ubiquitous computing and in this respect, I am going to observe a detailed transformation process of space. First nature of the space may be defined as atoms, a physical space equivalent to a spatial element and Bits space that is untouchable is usually called as 2nd space and a combination of atoms and Bits is an intelligent space - 3rd space - that can be intelligible without touching it and finally, this space is called as a ubiquitous space. This spatial transformation is developed by several changes of living environment and we may call it as living trend or interior design trend. Transformation in terms of social perspective, space structural perspective and digital technique perspective may be enumerated. These transformations were surveyed based on its contents being implemented at a future housing exhibition hosted by 5 construction companies along with fusion of information furniture and furniture depending on each housing space. In conclusion, it could be realized that most of the companies were decorating future space by implementing ubiquitous environment as a success factor of future housing market. It may be meaningful to note once again that under an interior environment, a fusion of furniture and information furniture is required considering interior trend elements.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2005

This study was conducted to test whether the transgenic cattle pass the transgene to their progeny through germ cells, and whether the transgene is expressed in the mammary gland of ransgenic cows. Two male ransgenic calves were born from IVF-derived embryos injected with bovine $\beta-casein/human$ lactoferrin fusion gene and then grew up to be reproducible. Semen was collected from a transgenic bull after 18 mon of age and then frozen. Bovine oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized with spermatozoa of the transgenic bull and cultured in $50\;{\mu}L$ drops of CRlaa medium supplemented with 3 mg/mL BSA. After 48 h of culture, cleaved embryos were determined for the presence of transgenes by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportion of transgene positives among bovine embryos fertilized with sperm of the transgenic bull was $20.9\%$ (28/134). One of transgenic bulls did not produce transgenic sperm. Out of 34 calves produced from recipient heifers inseminated with semen of the other bull, 3 $(8.8\%)$ were transgenic animals (2 females and 1 male). Thus, one transgenic bull showed a low transmission frequency below Mendelian levels in both the IVF-derived embryos and his progeny. It was demonstrated by Southern blot that copy numbers of the transgene in the transgenic progeny enhanced about 1.8 times as compared to those of the founder bull The results demonstrate that the transgenic bull carrying human lactoferrin gene could pass his transgene to the progeny through germ cells, although he is a germ-line mosaic.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.357-372
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• 2011

Enhancing individual competitiveness as well as national competitiveness by fostering creative human resources are one of the important visions of the nation. Thus, fostering creative human resources should be important mission of the nation. The purpose of this study is to identify what type of creative human resources is possible, based on Korean culture and background. Qualitative research experts was given to six experts of academics, institutes, and industries in science, humanities, social science, and art. The result indicated that key words for fostering creative human resources in Korea are 'fusion' and 'integration', and the definition and factors of creative human resources as well as educational strategy to foster it depend upon them. How to foster creative human resources in life-long learning also discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Recently 'convergence' and 'communication' have been keywords in many areas. Artists and engineers have begun to communicate each other through collaboration based on new technologies. One of the exemplary technologies of this era of convergence is a technology of fusing five senses used by both Internet Art and industrial technologies such as car navigation systems and the iPhone. Sommerer and Mignonneau's Internet Art $\ll$Riding the Net$\gg$,$\ll$The Living Room$\gg$, and $\ll$The Living Web$\gg$ implement the Internet and the five-sense fusion technology to translate not only sound into visual images but also tactile senses into tempo-spatial representations. Likewise, industrial technologies such as car navigation systems and the iPhone employ the five-sense fusion technology of speech recognition, which leads to the expansion of the realm of senses in technology as seen in Internet Art. As examined in this study, the development of art and technology through their convergence will open up a new dimension of digital art and culture technology industry.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.281-288
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• 2001

It shows 21st century as a networking society that is moving up the concept of global town and being industrialized with regional and personal connections. Individual's original idea and variety of 21th century may be respected by such environmental change, and age (Literary, human axis, technology axis, nature axis, kaining farming axis are central keyword) of culture that cultural capacity of individual becomes important fetters that create added value is forecasted to become. The moaning for space that is unemployment enemy by change of conceptional environment about cultural life and agreeable quality of life by development of Information-Communication technology may be required newly. As it does interaction along with development of science technique and Information-Communication technology, the future environment of various that complex! Is predicted to form network environment (existence space, cyberspace) newly. Human central interest is risen in technology balance hereupon, and these characteristic escaped in physical system that do with functional special quality and require human central and sensitive interaction. First, if examine about phenomenon by Digitize and chance aspect that is risen in 21th century, Digitize is time that action occurs fusion Tuesday that is various and Blur phenomenon of city·space, and the period to collapse the border between several individual. Second, importance more than man-centered and sensitive aspect of functional physical system is risen by digital age with development of technology medium, and as the five digital senses showed up, it suggests a sensual of the times and therefore the interest and direction get set up for the sensual sides of consumers. Third, special quality is, medium enemy by that digital space connotes meaning disk floret, variability, transparency, space red of extensity etc.. to burn and is digitalised, can be risen by symbolic, original individualities and emotional communication's the importance is required sensitivity enemy who is sympathy horn by fusion anger of individual. Technology of new media may open direction of new communication through interface that did not enjoy so far is going to supply new means that can express own to human