• 고문화
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• 69호
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• pp.63-89
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• 2007

본고는 지금까지 조사된 강원지역의 점토대토기 출토 유적의 양상을 바탕으로 그 상한연대 및 전개과정과 성격을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 그동안 발굴조사된 유적을 중심으로 입지와 분포, 유구의 규모와 구조, 그리고 출토 유물의 양상을 분석하였다. 강원지역 점토대토기 출토 유적의 양상을 살펴보면 영서지역과 영동지역 간에는 입지 및 유구의 규모와 구조는 차이가 없으나, 점토대토기의 형태 등 출토 유물의 양상에 다소 차이가 있다. 필자는 유구와 유물의 양상에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 강원지역의 점토대토기문화는 영서에서 영동지역으로의 단선적인 전파가 아니라 여러 전파경로를 통해 유입되었을 가능성을 제시하였다. 그리고 유적의 탄소 연대 측정결과를 검토해 보았을 때, 점토대토기문화의 상한연대를 기원전 4세기 후반에서 2세기 전반으로 보고 있는 기존의 연구 결과보다 시기가 앞서고 있으며, 지석묘의 하부구조에서 확인되는 사례도 있어 강원지역의 점토대토기문화는 이전의 지석묘를 축조하던 무문토기문화와 일정 기간동안 병존하였던 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

본 연구는 환자안전문화 인식에 따른 안전사고 발생을 알아보고 환자안전문화의 관계를 파악하여 환자안전문화 프로그램개발에 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 대상자는 강원도에 소재하고 있는 종합병원의 간호사 129명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 2011년 11월 10일부터 11월 15일 까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지를 이용한 설문조사에 의하였다. 간호사의 환자안전문화 인식은 평균 3.46점이었고, 세 가지 영역에서는, 병동의 환자안전문화 점수와 병원조직의 환자안전문화 점수 및 병동의 안전의식 수준의 점수는 각각 $3.59{\pm}0.3$점, $3.41{\pm}0.5$점, $3.41{\pm}0.4$점 이었다. 환자안전사고 발생은 간호사의 안전교육 경험과 병원근무 만족도에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 환자안전문화 인식점수는 간호사의 결혼상태, 안전교육, 직무 만족도, 건강상태에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 환자안전사고 발생은 간호사의 안전교육경험과 근무만족도에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 환자의 안전사고발생은 간호사의 안전교육과 병동의 환자안전문화, 병원조직의 환자안전문화, 병동의 안전의식수과의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로는, 환자안전사고 발생을 예방하고 병원 간호사의 환자안전문화를 구축하기 위해서는 교육프로그램이 필요하며, 간호사의 안전교육과 직업만족도를 증가시키고, 간호사의 건강상태를 개선시킬 필요가 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1989

사초용유채의 품종선별선급실험과 유채용유채와 사초용유채품종들 간에 있어서 생산성과 영양가치를 비교한 실험에서 사초용유채 도인품종중 우리나라 남부지역의 특성에 적합한 품종으로 Velox가 사초생산성 및 영양가치면에서 가장 유망하다고 생각되었다. 따라서 Velox를 공시하여 고립적배와 실행群落培 사이에 생산성과 영양가치에 있어서 어떤 차이가 있는가를 비교하였으며 또한 생육과정중의 영양가치의 변화를 조사하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수당 생산성에 있어서 생체중과 건물중의 개체간 변이가 매우 컸으나 고립적배가 군락적배보다 1%수준의 유의차로 우수하였다. 孤립적배에 있어서 생체중과 건물중의 구성은 분지에 크게 의존되었으며 군락적배에 있어서는 분치와 주경이 비슷한 영향을 주었다. 건물율은 고리적배와 군락적배사이에 큰 차이가 없었으며 부위별로는 주경이 가장 높았다. 2. 粗蛋白質含量은 生育期間이 經過됨에 따라 점차 저하되었으며, 播種後 90일부터 120일까지에는 孤立적배가 群落적배보다 높은 반면 180일以後 개화기까지는 군락적배가 고립적배보다 높았다. NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin등의 鐵維含量은 生育초기에는 낮은 水준이었으며 생育期間이 經過됨에 따라 점차 높아지면서 생育後期에는 孤立적배가 군락적배보다 높게 變化되었다. 3. In vitro 乾物소화率은 줄기나 잎 모두 生育기간이 경과됨에 따라 점차 저하되었으며, 줄기는 군락적배가 고립적배보다 높았으나 잎은 고립적배와 군락적배간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.383-400
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• 2014

Synonym means that the conceptual meaning of the word is the same or similar while other meanings or function of language difference may exist. That is two or more identified names correspond with one sense and have the words with minor difference. Words with synonym relation are a set of same meaning but conceptual area or emotional color, language function can be identified. Therefore, the core research of synonym is the difference analysis and in general difference analysis is progress in the three aspects of Meaning, Pragmatic, and Semantic. However, the difference analysis is the most important. In this paper, the set of meaning item of synonym word 'Attack' is 'zheng', 'fa', 'tao', 'qin', 'xi'. We compare the meaning of five verbs and analyze the difference and characteristics.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the results of culture test at the time of removal of metal devices used for management of ankle fractures and for analysis of contributing factors. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 132 patients with lower tibia and ankle fracture who had their metal devices removed during the period from January 2010 to February 2014. Patients with clinical signs of infection were excluded. Culture test was performed by taking the granulation tissue around the metal device at the time of removal. We divided the subjects into two groups, culture positive and negative. We then performed a retrospective review of each medical record of multiple factors that might contribute to the culture results, including laboratory results, medical history, material and size of metal device, indwelling period, and whether or not it was open injury. Results: Among 132 cases, six were culture positive. Enterococcus was detected in two cases and the others were Staphylococcus. No significant difference in medical history of patients and laboratory results, including C-reactive protein level, was observed between the culture positive and negative group. Culture positive rate was 5.4% in titanium and 3.9% in stainless steel. In terms of metal size, culture positive rate was 5.1% in small plates, 6.7% in large plates, and culture negative in intramedullary nails. The average indwelling period of metal device was 61.5 weeks in the culture positive group, and 68.6 weeks in the negative group. Nine cases were open fractures and all were in the culture negative group. Conclusion: Whether or not the culture result was positive, there were no meaningful contributing factors. Presence of bacterium on the metal device could not be screened by any laboratory results or other factors.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2009

The productivity of ultra-small rotifer, Synchaeta kitina was investigated at the exchange rate of culture water (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and initial inoculation densities (250, 600 and 900 inds. per mL) in semi-continuous culture. Also, the possibility of mass culture was investigated in a 100 L culture tank. Tetraselmis suecica was used as the feed for S. kitina in all experiments. The production of S. kitina increased with an increase in exchange rate of culture water. The highest production ($82.0{\times}10^5$ inds.) was achieved at 40% exchange rate of culture water. The production of S. kitina increased with an increase of initial inoculation density during the first week and the highest total production ($17.4{\times}10^6$ inds.) was achieved at 900 inds. per mL of initial inoculation density. However, on the second week, all treatments were not significantly different in total production (P>0.05). During the two weeks, total production of S. kitina at 900 inds. per mL of initial inoculation density was higher than at 600 inds. of initial inoculation density, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In the 100 L culture tank, density of S. kitina was kept from 516 to 890 inds. per mL and S. kitina was daily harvested $15.5{\times}10^6$ to $26.7{\times}10^6$ during the experimental period. The production cost for 100 million rotifers in semi-continuous culture was 63,656 won. The results from this study indicate that the optimal exchange rate of culture water and initial inoculation density for the semi-continuous culture of ultra-small rotifer, S. kitina are 40% and 600 inds. per mL, respectively.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1989

These experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of a co-culture with granulosa cells on in vitro maturation, fertilization and development of bovine follicular oocytes. The bovine ovaries were obtained at a slaughter house and the follicular oocytes were recovered by aspirating the follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 2-6mm. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24-26 hr and then fertilized in vitro using epididymal spermatozoa capacitated by preincubation for 2-3hr in BO solution containing BSA(5mg/ml) and caffein(25mM). Eight hours after insemination, the oocytes were cultured in a co-culture system with granulosa cells. The rates of maturation of the follicular oocytes cultured in a co-culture system with granulosa cells were 83.1%, the rate of fertilization of the follicular oocytes culture in a co-culture in a co-culture system with granulosa cells were 76.9%, respectively. No significant difference are observed between control and treatment in maturation and fertilization rates. The rates of embryos developed to 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-cell and monula stages after co-cultured with granulosa cells were 65.8, 57.9, 39.5, 34.2 and 34.2%, respectively. The value for 16-and morula stages were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the embryos cultured in the basic medium.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2005

In vitro maturation of porcine immature cumulus-enclosed oocytes can be enhanced by co-incubation with spermatozoa even before fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium can stimulate the meiosis resumption of porcine cumulus-enclosed oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle (GV). Cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) were collected from follicles of 3 to 5mm diameter. Porcine CEOs were cultured in tissue culture medium containing various meiosis inhibitors and spermatozoa. Oocytes were examined for evidence of GV and GV breakdown after 24 h culture. After 24 h culture $43.8\%$ of oocytes cultured in only TCM 199 remained at GV stage whereas $56.2\%$ of oocytes were able to resume meiosis. When porcine CEOs were cultured in the medium with meiosis inhibitor such as, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and forskolin (Fo), more than $90\%$ of oocytes were not able to resume meiosis. However, co-culture of porcine CEOs with spermatozoa was able to overcome the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP and Fo. Irrespective of the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), no difference was observed in the proportion of oocyte reached germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). The present study suggests that dbcAMP and Fo prevent the spontaneous maturation of competent oocyte in culture after isolation from follicles and that mammalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves meiosis resumption in vitro of porcine cumulus-enclosed oocytes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2010

Growing interest in the nasal route as a drug delivery system calls for a reliable in vitro model which is crucial for efficiently evaluating drug transport through the nasal cells. Various in vitro cell culture systems has thus been developed to displace the ex vivo excised nasal tissue and in vivo animal models. Due to species difference, results from animal studies are not sufficient for estimating the drug absorption kinetics in humans. However, the difficulty in obtaining reliable human tissue source limits the use of primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells. This shortage of human nasal tissue has therefore prompted studies on the "passage" culture of nasal epithelial cells. A serially passaged primary human nasal epithelial cell monolayer system developed by the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture is known to promote the differentiation of cilia and mucin gene and maintain high TEER values. Recent studies on the in vitro nasal cell culture systems for drug transport studies are reviewed in this article.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Neurokinin B (NKB) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of reproductive endocrine system of vertebrate animals, including fish. However, the pathway of NKB action in fish has not been clearly elucidated. In order to clarify the effect of NKB and NKF (neurokinin F) on gonadotropic hormone (GTH) gene expression in the pituitary, we studied the changes of LHβ and FSHβ gene expressions by using two different pituitary culture methods (whole pituitary culture or dispersed pituitary cell culture). Pituitaries were removed from mature female and male Nile tilapia. Changes of LHβ and FSHβ gene expressions were measured and compared after the treatment with NKB or NKF peptides at concentrations 0 to 1,000 nM. Expression of GTH genes in the whole pituitary cultures treated with NKB or NKF peptides did not show significant difference except in female at one concentration when treated with NKF. On the contrary, there were significant changes of GTH gene expressions in the dispersed pituitary cell cultures when treated with NKB and NKF peptides. These results suggest that dispersed pituitary cell culture is more relevant than whole pituitary culture in studying the function of pituitary, and that NKB and NKF could act directly on the pituitary to regulate the expression of GTH genes.