• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2018

A status of air traffic controller is a government officer and air traffic controllers who work at airport are divided by duty rating and work experience. Abiding by law, rules and regulation, air traffic controllers are working together based on mutual trust. This paper's theoretical background is based on cultural bias theory. The theory divide people group into four groups according to cultural bias such as fatalism, hierarchy, individualism and egalitarianism. A research model was designed how such four cultural bias could affect air traffic controller's risk response in case of emergency or abnormal situation during their work. Depend on empirical research, it was found that air traffic controllers perceived they had been more biased to fatalism than hierarchy. The characteristics of fatalism group are as follows: first of all, they follow rigid rules and regulation. However, they have less self-efficacy compared to other government officers. According to structural equation model, air traffic controller's fatalism had a significant negative effect on organizational royalty. Their royalty, however, had a very significant positive effect on planning response and immediate response.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2003

자기고양 편파와 심리적 적응의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 두 가지 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 자기고양 편파를 측정할 수 있는 객관적인 척도를 제작한 후, 한국 대학생들의 자기고양 편파 경향과 심리적 적응의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 한국 대학생들에게서 자기고양 편파와 심리적 적응은 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구 대상에 노동자를 포함시켜 개인주의 문화권인 독일과 비교한 연구 2에서도 한국인의 자기고양 경향과 심리적 적응의 상관은 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 집단주의 문화권에서는 자기고양 편파 경향이 나타나지 않으며, 심리적 적응과도 관련이 없다는 기존의 연구 결과와 상반된 것으로서 매우 흥미로운 현상이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 자기고양 편파 경향의 문화적 차이를 좀더 심도 있게 파악하기 위해서는 더욱 세련된 측정 방식과 다양한 비교문화 연구가 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

While text-to-image models have made remarkable progress in image synthesis, certain models, particularly generative diffusion models, have exhibited a noticeable bias to- wards generating images related to the culture of some developing countries. This paper introduces an empirical investigation aimed at mitigating the bias of image generative model. We achieve this by incorporating symbols representing Saudi culture into a stable diffusion model using the Dreambooth technique. CLIP score metric is used to assess the outcomes in this study. This paper also explores the impact of varying parameters for instance the quantity of training images and the learning rate. The findings reveal a substantial reduction in bias-related concerns and propose an innovative metric for evaluating cultural relevance.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors (biological, psychological, interpersonal, and contextual factors) associated with the weight bias internalization of the Korean girls in early adolescence. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 233 girls aged 12~14 years with a self-reported questionnaire. With multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with the weight bias internalization of the girls in early adolescence were analyzed. Results: Of psychosocial factors, fear to fat (anti-fat attitude) (β=.43, p<.001) was associated with the weight bias internalization of the girls in early adolescence. In addition, attachment with teachers (β=-.11, p=.029) of an interpersonal factor and perceived socio-cultural pressure regarding weight control (β=.34, p<.001) of a contextual factor were associated with the weight bias internalization of the girls in early adolescence. Conclusion: For releasing the weight bias internalization of the girls in early adolescence, decreasing anti-fat attitude and socio-cultural pressure regarding weight control should be primarily required through social efforts including community and school based interventions.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. To accomplish this goal, we examined the following research questions: (1) What is the level of ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? (2) Does the level of ethnic socialization vary by demographic and ethnocultural factors? (3) To what extent do demographic and ethnocultural factors influence the enactment of ethnic socialization by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? The sample consisted of 243 Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. For data analysis, T-test, correlation, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses were used. Also, we performed separate analyses for two subtypes of ethnic socialization in particular, namely cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Ethnocultural factors examined in this study were the level of discrimination experience, Japanese ethnic identity, and husbands' ethnic orientation in childrearing. The main results of this study were as follows. First, results showed that Japanese marriage migrant women enacted moderate levels of cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Second, Japanese marriage migrant women's cultural socialization and preparation for bias were both positively related to the levels of women's discrimination experience and Japanese ethnic identity. Also, the younger the age of the firstborn child, the more preparation for bias these women performed. In addition, women whose Korean husbands wanted to raise their children more biculturally performed more cultural socialization compared to those with Korean husbands who wanted to raise their children as Korean. Third, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that women's discrimination experience and ethnic identity positively predicted both types of ethnic socialization. Also, Korean husband's bicultural orientation towards childrearing predicted a higher level of cultural socialization by Japanese marriage migrant women. Results of this study provide basic information about ethnic socialization among multicultural families in Korea, which can be useful for promoting positive self-identity among multicultural children. Furthermore, the results suggest that husbands' support and cooperation in ethnic socialization can be crucial for marriage migrant women to socialize their children utilizing their cultural and experiential resources.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relationship between optimistic bias about health crisis and health behavior of Korean adults in a crisis of health, and to prepare baseline data for developing a health education and promotion program. Methods: Study subjects were 595 aged from 19 to 64 who live in Korea. Data were collected through questionnaires administered by one interviewer. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated using the SPSS program. Results: The average score for optimistic bias about health crisis was 2.69, and that for health behavior was 107.05. The optimistic bias about health crisis showed a significantly positive correlation with health behavior (r=.187, p=.000). Conclusion: To make our results more useful, it is necessary to identity the causal relationship between health attitudes as an explanatory variable and optimistic bias as an outcome variable. In addition, a relatively low score in optimistic bias from this research compared to other studies must be explained through further studies considering unique Korean cultural background. Moreover, research of the relationship between optimistic bias about health crisis and health behavior looking at people who don't have good health behaviors is needed.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2009

The current study reported on the continuing relevance of the schema theory for reading as it relates to the field of teaching and SLA, whilst highlighting the inherent limitations affecting individual learners. A relevant study was conducted for this article focusing on the extent to which university teacher trainees of English Education are exposed to second language readings with an adherence towards utilizing prior knowledge and drawing upon schemata to support their comprehension. Results from quantitative and qualitative data measured and collected from two groups of university students respectively, indicated certain advantages to this strategy use in respect of increased understanding, familiarity, and comfort level in SL reading. However, those same results identified existing limitations associated with cultural bias, stereotyping and a tendency to focus on wrong information when activating said schemata. As such, the purpose of this study is to promote awareness of the schema theory as an effective strategy option whilst reinforcing a need to pay heed to the concerns associated with strict reliance upon such theory to aid reading skills. Further discussion of these issues and pedagogical implications has been provided along with both suggested considerations regarding teaching for EFL teachers and evaluators.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2006

Purpose. The purposes of this methodologic paper are to (1) describe theoretical background in conducting research across different cultures; (2) address measurement issues related to instrument administration; and (3) provide strategies to deal with measurement issues. Methods. A thorough review of the literature was conducted. A theoretical background is provided, and examples of administering instrument in studies are described. Results. When applying an instrument to different cultures, both equivalence and bias need to be established. Three levels of equivalence, i.e., construct equivalence, measurement unit equivalence, and full score comparability, need to be explained to maintain the same concept being measured. In this paper, sources of bias in construct, method, and item are discussed. Issues related to instrument administration in a cross-cultural study are described. Conclusion. Researchers need to acknowledge various group differences in concept and/or language that include a specific set of symbols and norms. There is a need to question the philosophical and conceptual appropriateness of an assessment measure that has been conceptualized and operationalized in a different culture. Additionally, testing different response formats such as narrowing response range can be considered to reduce bias.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to estimate the attractiveness value according to the preference level on architectural aesthetic. This research starts from the concept that aesthetic is phenomenon and from the viewpoint of 'attraction value' which affects goods. Interactive internet surveys were conducted for 500 citizens of Seoul metropolitan city who are potential users of the Nodle Islet Cultural Center. Based on the scenarios and questionnaires with fuzzy models, we have examined the evaluation of architectural aesthetic and monetary willing-to-payment, and estimated the economic value by preference level of architectural aesthetic through linear regression analysis. The main results of the study are as follows: First, the economic value of the Nodle Islet Cultural Center was estimated at ?15,683.43/person. Residents of Seoul metropolitan city were willing to accept the increase in the above-mentioned amount of the facility fares when their preferred works (average 86.81 points) were constructed. (P <0/05) Second, it is confirmed that the economic value increases dramatically as the preference level of architectural aesthetic increases. Third, it is presumed that the infinite valuation of architectural aesthetic and the problem of free riding coexist in the estimation of economic valuation of architectural aesthetic for public buildings. Fourth, by mixing the fuzzy logic with contingent valuation method, starting point bias and no response biases that happened in contingent valuation could be disappeared. bias elimination must be considered seriously because another bias could be happened in full process of the research. The results of this study will serve as a basis for spreading architectural aesthetic value-oriented research from the vague and obscure aesthetic-centered discussion on the existing architectural aesthetic. In addition, it will be an opportunity to draw institutional application and utilization strategy of architectural aesthetic through architectural aesthetic value research.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2003

본 연구는 북한이탈주민들의 자기고양 편파가 성격, 사회적 관계, 문화적 측면 중 어느 것에 의해 더 많이 영향을 받는가를 확인하고, 이 자기고양 편파가 우울감과 생활만족감이라는 심리적 적응 지표에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 확인하기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 먼저 북한이탈주민들과 남한 주민들이 자기고양 편파와 문화적 측면에서 얼마나 유사한 수준을 보이는지를 확인할 필요가 있어서 북한이탈주민 대학생과 남한 대학생들을 대상으로 자기고양 편파 수준과 사회적 바람직성을 비교하였는데, 유의미한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 북한이탈주민 121명을 대상으로 자기고양 편파에 영향을 미치는 3가지 측면의 영향력 비중을 확인하기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시하였는데, 지각된 사회적 지지와 낙관성의 순서대로 높은 설명력을 보였다. 지각된 차별감과 사회적 바람직성은 자기고양 편파와 유의미한 상관을 보였지만, 회귀분석에서는 설명량이 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 북한이탈주민의 자기고양 편파는 우울감과 생활만족도 모두에게 부적인 유의미한 설명력을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 주로 남자 북한이탈주민들이 보인 경향성을 반영하는 것으로서 주목을 끄는 것이다. 반면에 여자 북한이탈주민들이 보인 경향성은 기존의 연구 결과와 유사한 것이었다.