• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-244
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• 2017

This study was initiated based on the notion that the logic regarding case selection and a perspective for case analysis has never been discussed in previous studies on immigration policy despite its significance. Given the idea, this study investigated levels of integration of immigrants which were operationalized as 1) differences in general conditions of economic, labor, social, and political life between native born and foreign born and 2) level of quality of economic, labor, social life for immigrants. For that purpose, this study analyzed the secondary data set which was a combination of several secondary data sets. Results showed that the countries that belong to traditional immigration regime including Australia, Canada, and US showed higher levels of immigrant integration at various sub categories of integration. Countries that belong to new immigration regime such as Ireland revealed relatively high levels of immigrant integration. The findings from this study implied that integration of immigrants needs to be analyzed with consideration on characteristics of social security policy of each country along with immigration policy and cultural diversity of each country.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.185-219
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• 2009

This article aims to illuminate the comic characters and their humor in Dickens's novel David Copperfield in Bakhtinian point, and to clarify what the humorous characteristics are, and how they contribute to his reinforcement of socially critical messages in this novel. So far this novel has been called the only one of Dickens's comic novels, even though it includes lots of social critical meanings. But it is true that Dickensian critics couldn't make sure of the clear reasons why it is both very interesting and critical. Furthermore, it is also true that this novel has been criticized as a clumsy one in the realistic, psycho-analytic, dramatic angle. This approach to Dickensian comic characters through Bakhtinian fool, clown, and rogue concepts here could make up for or correct such criticisms, and reevaluate Dickens's humor and social criticisms in the context of general public culture. Bakhtin believes oppression by social ideologies prevent us from having good mutual relationships and divides our society. He thinks laughter liberates us from such oppression and restores our good relationships. As he applied his concepts based on the laughter of Middle Ages to Rabelais's novels, and examined what the authentically liberating power in Rabelais's laughter is, this article could clarify the liberating power of laughter by Dickens's comic characters, such as Mr and Mrs Micawber, Dick, Miss Betsey Trotwood and Miss Mowcher. In this novel, they often lead comic happenings, and such happenings are very similar to carnival-amusements including burning the dummy of the czar who has oppressed his or her citizenry. Especially, Dickens's comic characters's social criticisms, in the case of this novel, contain many complaints of social marginers, even though he has been labelled as being conservative politically. They always criticize the ideological absurdities in their society through the humorous words and behaviors in their comic happenings, like those of a carnival fool or clown in his or her amusements. This shows Dickens achieves both laughter and social criticism in David Copperfield by using Rabelaisian characterization-devices based on his general public culture. Like Bakhtin and Rabelais, Dickens seems to have believed that when we all truly liberate ourselves from the oppression of social ideologies, we can have desirable relationships between ourselves, and also solve social problems positively.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.597-618
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• 2009

Leslie Marmon Silko, in her novel Gardens in the Dunes, primarily focuses on revealing the white colonialists' plan to exterminate and destroy American Indians and their culture. In this regard, this novel is clearly an Indian counter narrative to interrogate and abrogate the authority of the oppressive and destructive discourse of the whites who are full of colonialist impulses to sterilize Indians and their culture. However, it should be noted that Silko is very careful not to insist on cultural exclusivism and reverse ethnocentrism, since these only mean a return to the violent colonialists' discourse based on dualism and cultural authenticity which, she believes, has led to the marginalization and eventual deterioration of Indians and their culture. White values and culture are something to recognize and tolerate as long as they are not the products of witchery, also known as the destroyer or evil for Silko, which promotes disruption and antagonism between races and classes. As she reveals in her interview, her major concern in the novel is to dismantle political and/or racial distinctions like Native Americans versus EuroAmericans and thus to enhance the idea of the reconciliation and coexistence of whites and Indians. Silko's Gardens in the Dunes can be regarded as an experiment in the possibility of the universal and homogeneous (at least in its roots) global culture which tolerates all forms of culture. Global culture does not mean a uniform totalitarian culture but a vision of a harmonious world characterized by hybridity and heterogeneity, in which different cultures associate freely without the notion of inferiority or superiority of any one culture. Silko's belief in syncretism emphasizes the spirit of tolerance and exchange between different cultures, dismantling the authority of exclusive ethnocentrism. The ultimate message implied in Gardens in the Dunes is that the syncretic spirit is not only an effective means to correct the white colonialists' hegemonic desire aimed at the extermination of Indians and their culture but also a source of energy for the life and prosperity of modern Indians and their societies.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

The aim on this paper is to explain the present state and circumstance in the course of arranging historic classical books in China. In order to approach its purpose, it should make it clear to define the word of "The present"(當代). Furthermore, we need to take a deep notice on the arrangements itself of historic classical books, its influences and contributions, reflecting this process carefully with those historical, cultual and social points of view due to the meaning of "The present" in China. Starting from this considerate view, first of all, I would like to determine the accurate time of "The present" to be the period of time from October, 1949 to December, 2003. It can be described very suitably well as "bamboo sprouts grow fast after a rainfall"(雨後春荀). This tremendous works in the arrangements of Classics have gone through sweets and bitters of times during 50 and several years. However, this work in process has overcome so much troubles and exclude obstacles in doing so, gradually begun to bear tasteful fruit of many publications, about 10,000 works so far. Although it has gone far with very little amount of works in comparison with the remains that would be put in order in the incoming future, it succeed effectively to the spirit and soul in Chinese culture and people. Illuminating the development in its historical steps and analyzing elaborately flows in cultural and ideal elements, it is known that this work of arrangements not only give a very firm basis for excellent Chinese cultural tradition, but also extend high level of idea and thoughts in their thoughts so that build up the spirit in socialism on the solid foundation. This paper will give a explanation and analysis on this works and its contributions. At the same time, it examine and give a good, careful, and close look on the arrangement of historic classical books in China by various means of classifying into various types and style, searching for many methods, and showing indication and directions that might be right in "the present".

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.77-100
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• 2014

Many researchers have analyzed the relationship between the financial success patterns of a motion picture and many other factors, such as the production cost, marketing, stars, awards, reviews, genre, and rating. Through these studies, many researchers and investors concluded that big budgets to make a blockbuster movie can serve as an insurance policy to meet their ROI; thus the box office is dominated by blockbuster movies. High-budget blockbuster movies are more likely to receive attention because these movies are more recognizable given their high expenses for production and casting. Therefore, audiences choose blockbusters in an effort to reduce the searching cost and to mitigate the possibility of a regrettable choice. This behavior of consumers, in turn, causes distributors to allocate screens for blockbusters, resulting in "concentration of blockbuster consumption." As such, low-budget films cannot easily become popular due to the lack of distribution. Indeed, low-budget films released on a small number of screens often end up becoming dismal failures. However, there are exceptional examples which are contrary to the general idea in the movie industry that a big budget and showings on a large number of screens can guarantee the success of a movie. Although researchers have attempted to analyze the performances of movies with small budgets, such movies are likely to be regarded as outliers and then be entirely discarded, as they are far from the 'three-sigma' range, especially given that previous research methodologies could not explain the financial success of such unique examples. This study attempts to explain the financial success at the box office of low-budget movies by applying the concept of the tunnel effect in quantum mechanics, as the phenomenon found in the movie industry is similar to a particle's movement in quantum physics. The tunneling effect is a phenomenon by which a particle without enough energy to pass over a potential barrier tunnels through it. Adopting the analogy, this study draws a tunneling probability function and cultural constant to forecast other outliers using the Schrödinger equation. Moreover, the study finds that word-of-mouth creates in the movie industry this phenomenon of finding outliers.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.255-284
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• 2013

There are many discourses about 'religion and women,' but it is no exaggeration to say that there is none about 'religion and men.' This is because the existing religions have been male-centric and have produced legions of male-dominated cultures. In Catholic Church, even today, only men can become the Pope, and women are not allowed to enter priesthood. Meanwhile, in the Islamic cultural areas, the reality is that women are being victimized by men who do not recognize the bad habits such as honor killings, or honor crimes. It is certain that gender discrimination in religious and cultural areas cannot be overlooked. This study focuses on the understanding of women in the thought of Daesoonjinrihoe(大巡眞理會), that is, the Daesoon Thought, which claims to advocate world peace. Daesoonjinrihoe is understood as a thought which tries to overcome gender discrimination prevalent in the existing religions and presents the vision of a new religion which aims to realize a new world of peace by drawing a distinction between the Former Heaven and the Latter Heaven. This study examines the understanding of women by looking at the tenet of Daesoonjinrihoe that consists of 'YeumYangHapDeok(陰陽合德), SinInJoHwa(神人調化), HaeWon-SangSaeng(解冤相生), DoTongJinGyeong(道通眞境).' The tenet is thought of as the basis of creed on which the understanding of women by the Daesoon Thought can be grasped as it basically contains the essence of teaching of the order. In the Daesoon Thought, women have the same status as men; women can become holy and dignified beings by engaging in independent, active, and autonomous spiritual exercises, and serve as a driving force for the realization of the ideal world. This understanding of women by the Daesoon Thought contains the idea of peace which can turn 'the culture of discrimination' into 'the culture of equality,' and 'the culture of life destruction' into 'the culture of life care.'

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-80
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• 2024

Guided by the prism of cultural studies, this paper takes a look at the Manila Korea Town in Malate, Manila. The location, Manila Korea Town, figures as the paper's object of study by exploring, theorizing, and reflecting on its presence and location within the horizon of the signifying powers of Korea-Philippine relations in the contemporary period. With the subject position of this essay, the paper theorizes by responding to the following questions: How does the meaning-making of South Korea fare with other Koreatowns in the world from the scale of Koreatown in Manila? Subsequently, what happens to a place when a global cultural phenomenon evolves into a form of placemaking in a different nation and territory? As Koreatown finally grounds itself in the anarchic lifeworld of Manila, what does this historical development in our urban lives reveal about our contemporary times? Responding to this set of questions led this paper to foreground the idea of a modular imagined community within a four-part discussion. The body of the essay begins by theorizing on the concept that this paper proposes, modular imagined community, and such a concept work draws from the theories of nationalism by Benedict Anderson and Partha Chatterjee. Subsequently, the antinomy between Anderson and Chatterjee is pursued by looking at the history of such a place, and through this step, the paper unravels the character of the place of Manila Korea Town, which explains the conditions of possibility of such social and communitarian formation. Yet as the public is caught by the presence of such development especially at the heart of Manila, the paper expands the scale and viewpoint by shining light on the globality of South Korea in relation to the Philippines. Lastly, this paper closes with a discussion on the food culture facilitated by this recent development, which also pushes us to imagine its potential, especially in light of the critique raised against South Korea and the popular culture associated with this phenomenon.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.38
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• pp.201-238
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• 2018

As a way of enhancing the intercultural ability needed for diverse cultural eras, this study focuses on the "narration" of the Italian education scholar Maddalena De Carlo in order to determine the "diverse values" created by the "symbolic representation" based on the folktales narrated by immigrants living in Korea. Through this, it specifically presents educational elements and contents that can raise relative sensitivity. The authors of this paper have connected, empathized, and communicated with people of various cultures in order to go beyond Carlo's discussion. The paper discusses the expansion of cultural sensitivity as an element of education through narrative topics using the folktales of immigrant narrators in Korea. It also recognizes the limitations of a desire for a homogeneous union within an intercultural society and thus formulates educational contents for creating a relationship with heterogeneous ideas through the elimination of communication barriers through heterogeneity and a consideration of the surface and the back. This is systemized in six steps. Step 1: Listening to oral folktales of immigrants, Step 2: Finding heterogeneous motifs imprinted in the immigrants' memories, Step 3: Understanding the meaning of the opposing qualities symbolized by heterogeneous motifs, Step 4: Creating narrative topics containing the key motifs, Step 5: Generating the value of symbolic representation as a narrative topic, and Step 6: Expanding the value of life into a cultural symbol. In Chapter 3, this study focuses on educational contents using immigrants' folktales by applying these six steps. The class contents include the recognition of the limitations of desire for a homogeneous union within an intercultural society and the consideration of how to create a relationship with heterogeneous ideas through the elimination of communication barriers through heterogeneity and consideration of the surface and the back. This paper then compares the Indonesian folktale, The Inverted Ship Mountain and the Mom's Mountain, with the world-famous Oedipus myth, to determine what the symbolic representation of these heterogeneous motifs is. In Step 6, when the symbolic system is culturally extended, the incestuous desire that appears in the "inverted ship" is interpreted as a fixation that was created when the character sought to unite with homogenous idea. The Cambodian folktale, The Girl and the Tiger, is a story that is reminiscent of the Korean folktale, The Old Man with a Lump. Through the motif in "Tiger," this paper generates a narrative topic that will enhance the students' intercultural abilities by culturally expanding their skills in how to relate with a heterogeneous being that is usually represented as an animal. The Vietnamese folktale, The Coconut Bowl, similar to the Korean folktale, GureongDeongDeong SinSeonBi, is a story that draws a variety of considerations about the surface and theback, and it shows readers how to build a relationship with a heterogeneous idea and how to develop and grow with such a relationship. Thus, if a narrative topic is generated and readers are able to empathize using an opposing feature formed by the core motif of the folktale, it becomes possible, through immigrant folklore, to construct a possibility of a new life through the formation of a relationship with an unfamiliar and heterogeneous culture.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.390-406
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• 2012

Recently, stone walls in Jeju Island have gained more attention as their importance in cultural value and tourism source got recognized. In addition, there are several projects to restore the walls underway at local governments' level. This study was conducted with the idea that it is also necessary to find out the background to build stone walls and its implication. The study mainly investigated the height of 'Uldam' or a stone wall surrounding the property including the house by using wind maps, geological maps and interview with local residents. The study found out that stone walls are more likely to be higher than others when they were built to protect the property against wind and stood against maximum wind and easily catched stone surround house.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.227-266
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• 1999

The idea of identification have become a subject of discussion ever since the time man started to contemplate on the meaning and value of his being. However, the concept of identity defined by theorists such as sociologists or cultural historians influence the consumption pattern of the major consumer group, in conjunction with the advent of the mass consuming age. The conflict and mutual realization among variable generations and residential areas of different. consumer levels profoundly affect the formation of the identity of the new generation and the role and experience of women. This series of transit is progressing more rapidly due to the characteristic situation of the expiration of a millenium. Advertising strives to control our interests and ideas on the products we choose to use and affects our identity by manipulating images of successful people. People tend to be influenced more significantly by the mass-culture than by people around them, such as family or friends, in rendering their self?identity; in which process, adopting the identity produced by mass-media and advertising. Such identity is conducted partly of the product identity and the stereotyped image suggested by mass-media. This study bears significance in the attempt to provide actual data and expand the realm of ideas and planning in future advertising through demonstrative analysis of self-identity creative in Korean TV advertising.