• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

Background: The natural ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) stable isotopes can be varied in some specific living organisms owing to various isotopic fractionation processes in nature. Therefore, the analysis of C, N, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng can provide a feasible method for determining ginseng authenticity depending on the cultivation land and type of fertilizer. Methods: C, N, and S stable isotope composition in 6-yr-old ginseng roots (Jagyeongjong variety) was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results: The type of cultivation land and organic fertilizers affected the C, N, and S stable isotope ratio in ginseng (p < 0.05). The ${\delta}^{15}N_{AIR}$ and ${\delta}^{34}S_{VCDT}$ values in ginseng roots more significantly discriminated the cultivation land and type of organic fertilizers in ginseng cultivation than the ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}$ value. The combination of ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}$, ${\delta}^{15}N_{AIR}$, or ${\delta}^{34}S_{VCDT}$ in ginseng, except the combination ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}-^{34}S_{VCDT}$, showed a better discrimination depending on soil type or fertilizer type. Conclusion: This case study provides preliminary results about the variation of C, N, and S isotope composition in ginseng according to the cultivation soil type and organic fertilizer type. Hence, our findings are potentially applicable to evaluate ginseng authenticity depending on cultivation conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.237-242
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• 1998

Salt accumulation is frequently experienced in soils under protected cultivation. Since protected cultivation does not have rainfall and resulting infiltration, salt accumulation in the soils is inevitable. In this study, analyzed were chemical charecteristics of soils under protected cultivation to investigate the factors which may contribute the salt accumulation. Soil samples were collected from 99 protected cultivation facilities around An-sung Gun, Gyungki-Do and analyzed for electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter con-tents. The results showed that there was no significant trend of changes in electrical conductivity and pH along cultivation years. the only factor influencing salt accumulation was irrigation type. Soils in facilities using drip irrigation showed higher electrical conductivity than those using diversion-hose type irrigation.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1998

Salt accumulation is frequently experienced in soils under protected cultivation. Since protected cultivation does not bave rainfall and resulting infiltration, salt accumulation in the soils is inevitable. In this study, analyzed were chemical characteristics of soils under protected cultivation to investigate the factors which may contribute the salt accumulation. Soil samples were collected from 99 protected cultivation facilities around Ansung-Gun, Gyungki-Do and analyzed for electrical conductivity, PH, organic matter contents. The results showed that there was no significant trend of changes in electrical conductivity and pH along cultivation years. The only factor influencing salt acculmuation was irrigation type. Soils in facilities using drip irrigation showed higher electrical conductivity than these using diversion-hose type irrigation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

We investigated the correlation between density of air and the infection rate of airborne microorganisms in mushroom cultivation facilities and found that the correlation was low in places where the infection rate during cultivation was less than 1%. The farms with an infection rate of 2~5% showed a high infection rate in the inoculation room in spring and summer seasons, and in the incubation room in autumn, and the farms with an infection rate of more than 6% showed infection in all the rooms regardless of the season. The farms where the Trichoderma sp. was investigated at the time of the mushroom cultivation showed the highest infection rates of 3.17%, 2.74%, and 2.64% in summer, spring, and autumn, respectively. The farms infected with Neurospora tetrasperma showed a lesser rate of infection than the ones infected with Trichoderma sp., and the highest infection rate of 0.56% was observed in summer. Based on these results, the type of infection could be classified into five groups, where type I was farms where the infection rate is less than 1% in all seasons. Three farms belonged to this type, and the infection rate in this type was lower than that in the other types.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2018

This present study was conducted to develop the domestic cultivation kit using water celery(Oenanthe Stolonifera DC.) seed. As the result of germination rates in 3 type inbred lines, the IT 232354 had the highest initial germination rate and final germination rate, and was selected as the inbred line to be used in the cultivation kit. The development of the domestic cultivation kit was carried out using the IT 232354 seeds. It was possible to cultivate up to 3 times harvest using the same root in this cultivation kit, though the growth decreased rapidly in the $4^{th}$ cultivation. As a result of investigating the effects of the type of nutrient solution on growth of water celery, the overall growth was the lowest in the nutrient solution for Oenanthe Stolonifera DC.(N.S.D.). The shoot growth was similar to that of nutrient solution for leaves and stem vegetables (N.S.L.S.) and amino acid fermentation by-product liquid (A.F.B.L.), however in the root growth, the N.S.L.S. was more effective than A.F.B.L. When it was harvested 4 times consecutively after 1 time of planting, the last survival ratio of A.F.B.L. was 100% while their ratios were 96.4% and 49.8% each for N.S.L.S. and N.S.D. For the growth by cultivation kit type, the hole type cultivation kit increased slightly compared to the 3 hole type cultivation kit in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ harvest, but there was no difference in the $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ harvest. Total yield of one cultivation kits showed the 3 hole type cultivation kit is much higher than the 2 hole type cultivation kit. According to the results of this experiment, it is possible to harvest three times by planting one times if it was cultivated using N.S.L.S. and A.F.B.L. in the 3 hole type cultivation kit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2003

In this study effect of different mulching materials on yield and crude saponin contents in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The rhizome yield of seed propagation type in transparent PE mulching cultivation was of which increased 16.7% more than those of non-mulching cultivation. The rhizome yield of young-plant propagation type in green PE mulching and transparent PE mulching cultivations were of which increased 29.4% and 26.5%, respectively more than those of non-mulching cultivation. The contents of methanal extract of seed propagation type in transparent PE mulching and black PE mulching cultivations were of increased each 31.0%, 15.4% more than those of non-mulching cultivation. Crude saponin contents of seed propagation type in transparent PE mulching cultivation was increased up to 30.3% compared to those of non-mulching cultivation. However, the crude saponin contents of seed propagation type in green PE mulching and black & white PE mulching cultivations were not affected by the non-mulching cultivation. Crude saponin contents of young-plant propagation type in transparent PE mulching cultivation was increased 24.0% and 15.4% more than those of green PE mulching and black PE mulching cultivations.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.41-44
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to discriminate the geographical origin and cultivation years of ginseng based on the near-infrared(NIR) reflectance spectroscopic analysis. Korea and China ginseng samples were prepared for discrimination of geographical origin. 4, 5 and 6 years-old ginseng samples from Korea were prepared for discrimination of cultivation years. Used spectrometer were InfraAlyzer 500, InfraAlyzer 400 and Fiber optic. Sample type of ginseng was 3, whole ginseng radix, slide section and powder type. The accuracy was affected by sample types and instruments. The accuracy for discrimination geographical origin was 97% in calibration model using IA 500 and ginseng powder. For discrimination of cultivation years, the model with slide selection using IA500 were relative accurate. The accuracy was 96.7% for 4-year, 91.3% for 5-year and 89.3% for 6-year old ginseng. The study shows that NIR spectroscopic analysis can be used to discriminate the geographical origin and cultivation years of ginseng with acceptable accuracy.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2022

The edible paddy straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex F.) Singer has high nutritional and medicinal values. They are grown on a wide variety of agricultural by-products using different several methods. The result of this present study showed that type of bed and cultivation condition (outdoor/indoor) had effects on the yield of paddy straw mushrooms grown on the spent oyster mushroom sawdust. The treatment of circular compact bed under indoor cultivation condition (CYIC) had the best yield and biological efficiency (B.E.) with 2,119.2 g/bed and 14.5%, respectively, followed by the treatment of conventional bed under outdoor cultivation condition (COOC) with the yield and B.E. of 1,935.5 g/bed and 13.2%, respectively, but the lowest yield and B.E. were observed in the treatment of conventional bed under indoor cultivation condition (COIC) with 1,226.1 g/bed and 8.4%, respectively. Paddy straw mushrooms cultivated on spent oyster mushroom sawdust should be proper in both outdoor and indoor conditions by conventional and circular compact methods as well. However, in indoor conditions, paddy straw mushrooms should be grown in a circular compact bed to ensure the temperature of the bed is suitable for the mushroom growth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

This study carried out farmland suitability analysis for southern-type garlic cultivation considering soil and temperature as well as water deficit conditions. The spatial extent was limited within the area derived by Kim et al. (2012) using just soil and temperature constraints. Daily soil moisture was simulated using a one-layer soil water balance model at a $100{\times}100m$ grid unit, and then annual water deficit was calculated from 2000 to 2010. The farmland suitability was classified as four steps: best suitable, suitable, possible, and low productive. As a result, total area of best suitable or suitable farmland was about 375,900 ha, and Gimje-si and Haenam-gun were appeared as the largest favorable area for southern-type garlic cultivation. The best suitable or suitable area at Haenam-gun, Goheung-gun, Shinan-gun, Namhae-gun, and Muan-gun, major production regions of southern-type garlic, were extracted as 20,187 ha, 13,018 ha, 4,715 ha, 1,319 ha, and 349 ha, respectively. On the other hand, the result showed that the adoption of sprinkler irrigation systems might be critical in cultivating the southern-type garlic at some regions having poor water balance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1969

The goal for the improvement of rice culture in our country is to increase the rice yield per unit area, and that thoroughly, to equalize the rice yield per unit are highly by adaptation of high technique, while on the side of the efficiency, to increase the productivity of the labour through the cooperative work. And then, the theory for execution of the cooperative rice culture which is the productive system embodying the goal above and the expected effects as well as the future prospect for the development of the cooperative rice culture must be studied and defined. The results studied up to now are summarized as follows: 1. The cooperative rice culture is one of the most effective ways to execute highly efficient farm management and to supply the technical details on the cultivation for equalized high yield per unit area in the rice cultivating districts. 2. For the most effective accomplishment of the cooperative rice culture, the water control, and soil and variety of rice must be investigated in advance an then the basic technical details for the rice culture must be defined. 3. The rice cultivation calender is drawn up with the main technical details of rice culture by the mutual agreement of all farmers belong to the cooperative farm. All technical details for the rice cultivation in the cooperative farm are standardized by the rice cultivation calendar and the main technical operations should be worked together and the other operations executed individually. 4. The technique for rice cultivation, which was difficult to be introduced in the individual farm management, could be introduced easily to the cooperative rice culture, and the rice yield of the cooperative farm was increased 23.3% compared to that of common farm in 1968. 5. At present, the type of the cooperative rice culture is a primary type of the agreement for farm management, rarely including the associated operation type and the contracted operation type for a part of operation, However, for stabilized high yield through the mechanization of the cultivation system, the cooperative farm must be developed for a course promoting the associated operation type including the technique trust type and the contracted operation type according to the condition of location.