• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2017

In order to study the content variation of Quercetin and Kaempferol associated with Varieties (with thorn, without thorn), Cultivating Locations, Collecting Seasons, Leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata (carrier) Bureau containing higher content of pharmaceutical components than the other parts were tested after collecting 6 varieties including w or w/o thorn from 4 locations such as Cheongsong, Milyang, Goesan and Gochang at 3 seasons, spring, summer and fall in 2015 and 2016. As a result, Kaempferol content associated with Varieties between with thorn and without thorn, collecting Locations and Years have no difference statistically in their mean values but the differences associated with Seasons were statistically significant. The content was higher at spring and then gradually declined at summer and fall. The content variation in Year 2015 which was higher at spring and lower at summer and then recovered at fall abnormally, shows similar pattern of sunshine variation of the year. The content variation of Quercetin and Kaempferol seems to be come from climate fluctuation specially in Sunshine hours rather than Varieties, Locations. The variation associated with drying methods for utilizing leaves are statically significant. Natural Dry was shown the least variation because heat input while drying makes degradation of the content.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

This study examined the immunomodulatory effects of milk fermented with based on the synbiotic interaction between Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) and Lactobacillus gasseri 505. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with milk (Control), milk supplemented with 0.2% CT (CT-milk), or CT-milk fermented with L. gasseri 505 (FCT). FCT-treated cells showed higher NO production than the other groups. ELISA revealed that FCT produced the highest enhancement of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-10. Furthermore, FCT also increased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results indicate that the synbiotic interaction between CT and L. gasseri 505 might enhance their immunomodulatory effects of fermented milk.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2012

Mast cells play an important role in early and late phase allergic reactions through allergen and IgE-dependent release of histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, and several multifunctional cytokines. In this study, we investigated whether Cudrania tricuspidata extract (CTE) suppresses IgE-mediated allergic responses in mast cells, an allergic animal model, and its mechanism of action in mast cells. We found that CTE inhibited IgE-mediated degranulation and cytokine production in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC), as well as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice. With regard to its mechanism of action, CTE suppressed the activating phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a key enzyme in mast cell signaling processes and that of LAT, a downstream adaptor molecule of Syk in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signal pathways. CTE also suppressed the activating phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Akt. The present results strongly suggest that the anti-allergic activity of CTE is mediated through inhibiting degranulation and allergic cytokine secretion by inhibition of Syk kinase in mast cells. Therefore, CTE may be useful for the treatment of allergic diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2010

Two new benzylated flavonoids, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-p-hydroxybenzylflavanone (1) and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-di-p-hydroxybenzylflavanone (2) together with six known flavonoids, kaempferol (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), cudraflavone D (6), gericudranin E (7), and leachianone G (8) have been isolated from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata. The structures of 1 and 2 were characterized based on spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO). Among them, kaempferol (3), artocarpesin (4), and cudraflavone D (6) showed moderate inhibitory effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 82.3, 30.8, and $71.8\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1324-1327
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• 2005

A methylene chloride soluble fraction of the fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata significantly inhibited the mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO). Three known prenylated isoflavones were isolated and identified by activity-guided fractionation. Gancaonin A (1), 4'-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (2), and alpinumisoflavone (3) inhibited MAO activity in a concentration-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ values of 19.4, 23.9, and 25.8 $\mu$M, respectively. Of these, gancaonin A (1) showed a selective and potent inhibitory effect against MAO-B ($IC_{50}$ 0.8 $\mu$M) than MAO-A ($IC_{50}$ >800 $\mu$M). The kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that gancaonin A (1) competitively inhibited MAO-B.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

We evaluated total phenolics and antioxidative activities of water extracts from different parts of Cudrania tricuspidata (specifically, the leaves, stems, roots, and fruits). The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using five methods, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, reducing power, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and $\beta$-carotene/linoleic acid system. The water extract of leaves exhibited the higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and FRAP than water extract of stem, roots, and fruits. Inhibition values on linoleic oxidation of water extracts from leaves, stems, roots, and fruits were calculated as 45.98%, 33.03%, 39.73%, and 25.48% at 10 mg/mL, respectively. The water extract of C. tricuspidata leaves had the highest amount of toal phenolics (73.60$\pm$0.28 mg/g). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that quercetin is the predominant phenolic compound in water extract of leaves. Thus, our study verified that the water extract of leaves has strong antioxidant activities which are correlated with its high level of phenolic compounds, particularly quercetin. This water extract of C. tricuspidata leaves can be used as an effective and safe source of antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.547-551
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• 2001

The comparative activities of acetone, ethanol, and aqueous fractions extracted from fruit powder of Cudrania tricuspidata by different temperature were tested by in vitro experimental models; peroxidation of linoleic acid and autooxidation of rat hepatic and renal microsomes by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for assay of free malondialdehyde production, and scavenging activities of free radicals by DPPH (α, α'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl). In DPPH method, acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ showed the highest free radical scavenging activities and acetone fractions extracted at 30℃ and 60℃ and ethanol fraction extracted at 30℃ showed stronger than BHT (butylated hydroxitoluene) although used ten-fold lower concentrations. In thiocyanate method used linoleic acid an inhibitory effects of all fractions showed higher than control treatment. TBA method used linoleic acid showed the highest antioxidative activity in acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ and 60℃. an inhibition activity against lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes of rats showed the highest at acetone faction extracted at acetone fraction among extracted fractions was shown to be the most potent antioxidative properties and this action was more potent in fractions extracted at 30℃ than those extracted at 60℃.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2001

To produce novel bioactive flavonoids, Gericudranin A and Gericudranin B, a cell culture system of Cudrania tricuspidata including callus induction and optimization of culture conditions was established. Friable calli were efficiently induced from the hypocotyl segments of seedlings on B5 medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L kinetin and 3% sucrose. Several factors were optimized for the Gericudranin production and the cell growth in suspension cultures. Low level of basal salt medium (1/8 MS), 1.0 mg/L IAA and 0.1 mg/L zeatin, and high level of sucrose (5%) were effective for the production of Gericudranins, whereas WPM with 1.0 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L zeatin, and 5% sucrose were more effective for the cell growth. When cells were cultured on MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA, about 2200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry wt of Gericudranin A could be produced. The level might be about 10 times of the native inner bark. About 2350 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry wt of Gericudranin B was also produced on MS liquid medium with 5% sucrose, 1.0 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The content was estimated about 3 times of the level of native inner bark.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.766-773
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of diets with mulberry leaf and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf supplements on blood glucose-related biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups and fed several diets. Group A was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves. Group B was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves and an additional 10% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group C was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves and an additional 30% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group D was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group E was the DM control. All diets were based on AIN-93G diet and they all lasted 6 weeks. The blood glucose levels of groups B and C stayed similar to initial levels (reference blood glucose) for the experimental period, which was significantly lower than levels in groups A, D, and E at the 6th week (p<0.05). And the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) was also significantly lower in groups B and C than in groups D and E (p<0.05). The fasting blood glucose level after the experiment was significantly lower in groups B and C (p<0.05), and the C-peptide content of group C was as high as 50 pmol/L on average. The HbA1c content was also significantly lower in groups A and B than in group E (p<0.05). The serum TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly decreased in groups A, B, and D than in group E (p<0.05). From the findings, it is shown that a diet of 1:1 mulberry and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf supplements could improve blood glucose-related biomarkers.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2020

Euchrestaflavanone B (EFB) is a flavonoid that can be found in root bark, particularly in Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata). The extract of C. tricuspidata is widespread throughout Asia and used in traditional medicine. In a previous study, we found anti-platelet effects of substances isolated from C. tricuspidata on collagen-induced human platelets. However, the C. tricuspidata still contains numerous substances, thus, we have searched new candidate, EFB isolated from C. tricuspidata for anti-platelet effect. Our results showed that EFA inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β3)-mediated signaling events, including platelet adhesion, granule secretion, thromboxane A2 production and clot retraction. These results suggest that EFA has inhibitory effects on human platelet activities and thrombus formation and has potential value as a natural substance for preventing platelet-induced thrombosis.