• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the cruise tours between China and U.S.A. through the semantic network analysis of big data by collecting online data with SCTM (Smart crawling & Text mining), a data collecting and processing program. The data analysis period was from January $1^{st}$, 2015 to August $15^{th}$, 2017, meanwhile, "cruise tour, china", "cruise tour, usa" were conducted to be as keywords to collet related data and packaged Netdraw along with UCINET 6.0 were utilized for data analysis. Currently, Chinese cruisers concern on the cruising destinations while American cruisers pay more attention on the onboard experience and cruising expenditure. After performing CONCOR (convergence of iterated correlation) analysis, for Chinese cruise tour, there were three clusters created with domestic destinations, international destinations and hospitality tourism. As for American cruise tour, four groups have been segmented with cruise expenditure, onboard experience, cruise brand and destinations. Since the cruise tourism of America was greatly developed, this study also was supposed to provide significant and social network-oriented suggestions for Chinese cruise tourism.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

This study examines the cruise course network structure in the Asian regions and the centrality of ports using social network analysis (SNA). For network analysis of Asian cruise courses, a data network of cruise courses was constructed using data on courses of cruise ships operating in Asian ports collected from the reports of the Cruise Lines International Associations.There are 249 nodes or ports of ship companies that provide cruise courses to Asia between from October 2015 to June 2016, and these nodes connect 545 ports. Density analysis based on ports where cruise ship companies operated cruise ships showed that, from October 2015 to June 2016, the density was 0.009, which was lower than the average of global port network density (2006 to 2011) and railroad network density. In addition, was calculated to be, which means that connection with all ports was possible through 2,180 steps. In the analysis of the Asian cruise course network centrality, Singapore ranked first in both out-degree and in-degree in connection centrality, followed by Hong Kong, Shanghai, Ho Chi Minh, and Keelung. Singapore also ranked first in the result betweenness centrality analysis, followed by Penang, Dubai, and Hong Kong. From October 2015 to June 2016, the port with the highest Eigenvector centrality was Hong Kong, followed by Ho Chi Minh, Singapore, Shanghai, and Danang. In the case of the domestic ports Incheon, Busan, and Jeju, connection centrality, betweenness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality all ranked lower than their competitor Chinese ports.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2020

The cruise industry in the Mediterranean region increased from 2000-2018, being the second most important region after the Caribbean. The purpose of this study was to analyze the networks and hub ports of the Mediterranean. This paper used the SNA (Social Network Analysis) methodology, which includes Hub and Authority Combined Centrality (HACC) that has been used to analyze cruise port centrality, as well as degree centrality such as In-Degree, Out-Degree, and Betweenness. This empirical study suggests that the top three ports of the Mediterranean ports' network in terms of hub index are Barcelona, Civitavecchia, and Palma de Mallorca. The academic implications are the suggestion for data integration based on real itineraries and numbers of POC (Port of Calls), as well as the selection of the hubs of the targeted areas. The practical implications are suggested such as a clear requirement for cruise industry, as a way to widen the scope for the Mediterranean region and a valuable reference for cruise ship companies to select the best fit home ports.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2017

This study aims to compare Jeju Island, Shanghai, and Yokohama cruise ports and to investigate the relative strengths and weaknesses of Jeju Island. This study conducted comparative evaluation of 8 factors [airport, berth, expenses, distance, access to town, shopping facilities, source market (background market), and tourism] through a cruise network analysis. Comparative evaluation results find that Jeju Island, which secured 2 berths (berthing capacity) by completion of the civil-military complex port, has ascendancy over Shanghai cruise port and will have ascendancy over Yokohama cruise port once construction of the new airport is completed. Therefore, it will qualify as the best cruise port in Northeast Asia in the future. Results obtained from the cruise network analysis provide insights for administrative policy. Study limitations include only eight factors are used for evaluating the cruise-ship harbor area and surrounding hinterlands, and thus cannot sufficiently evaluate the complex conditions of the sites. In the future, it is necessary to reexamine the evaluation factors of the cruise ship harbor in detail. Furthermore, future research will need to consider the economic effects of the cruise ship industry, and its relevance to related industries as a possible fusion or hybrid industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2014

This article aims to explore and discuss research trends in global cruise industry using keyword network analysis. We visualize keyword networks in each of four groups of 1982-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014 based on the top 20 keyword nodes' degree centrality and betweenness centrality which are selected among four centrality measurements, comparing them with frequency order. The article shows that keyword frequency collected from 240 articles published in international journals is subject to Zipf's law and nodes degree distribution also exhibits power law. We try to find out research trends in global cruise industry to change some important keywords diachronically, visualizing several networks focusing on the top two keywords, cruise and tourism, belonging to all the four year groups, with high degree and betweenness centrality values. Interestingly enough, a new node, China, connecting the top most keywords, appears in the most recent period of 2010-2014 when China has emerged as one of the rapid development countries in global cruise industry. Therefore keyword network analysis used in this article will be useful to understand research trends in global cruise industry because of increase and decrease of numbers of network types in different year groups and the visual connection between important nodes in giant components.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to acquire a general and text-based awareness and recognition of cruise food hygiene through big data analytics. For the purpose, this study collected data with conducting the keyword "food hygiene, cruise" on the web pages and news on Google, during October 1st, 2015 to October 1st, 2017 (two years). The data collection was processed by SCTM which is a data collecting and processing program and eventually, 899 kb, approximately 20,000 words were collected. For the data analysis, UCINET 6.0 packaged with visualization tool-Netdraw was utilized. As a result of the data analysis, the words such as jobs, news, showed the high frequency while the results of centrality (Freeman's degree centrality and Eigenvector centrality) and proximity indicated the distinct rank with the frequency. Meanwhile, as for the result of CONCOR analysis, 4 segmentations were created as "food hygiene group", "person group", "location related group" and "brand group". The diagnosis of this study for the food hygiene in cruise industry through big data is expected to provide instrumental implications both for academia research and empirical application.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2024

The Gyeongin Ara Waterway is a regional development project designed to transport cargo by sea and to utilize the surrounding waterfront area to enjoy tourism and leisure. It is being used as a space for demonstration projects for urban air transportation (UAM), which has recently been attracting attention, and various efforts are being made at the local level to strengthen cultural and tourism functions and revitalize local food. This study examined the perception and trends of tourism consumers on the Gyeongin Ara Waterway before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. The research method utilized semantic network analysis based on social network analysis. As a result of the study, first, before the outbreak of COVID-19, key words such as bicycle, Han River, riding, Gimpo, Seoul, hotel, cruise ship, Korea Water Resources Corporation, emotion, West Sea, weekend, and travel showed a high frequency of appearance. After the outbreak of COVID-19, keywords such as cafe, discovery, women, Gimpo, restaurant, bakery, observatory, La Mer, and cruise ship showed a high frequency of appearance. Second, the results of the degree centrality analysis showed that before the outbreak of COVID-19, there was increased interest in accommodations for tourism, such as Marina Bay and hotels. After the outbreak of COVID-19, interest in food such as specific bakeries and cafes such as La Mer was found to be high. Third, due to the CONCOR analysis, five keyword clusters were formed before the outbreak of COVID-19, and the number of keyword clusters increased to eight after the outbreak of COVID-19.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2003

In this paper, a real-time multibody vehicle dynamics and control model has been developed for a virtual reality intelligent vehicle simulator. The simulator consists of low PCs for a virtual reality visualization system, vehicle dynamics and control analysis system a control loading system, and a network monitoring system. Virtual environment is created by 3D Studio Max graphic tool and OpenGVS real-time rendering library. A real-time vehicle dynamics and control model consists of a control module based on the sliding mode control for adaptive cruise control and a real-time multibody vehicle dynamics module based on the subsystem synthesis method. To verify the real-time capability of the model, cut-in, cut-out simulations have been carried out.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2021

This study is to analyze the structure of the networks of tourism marketing on Twitter, identifying the most prominent users, the flow of information about tourism marketing, and the interaction between the users posting tweets. This study employs NodeXL pro as a visualization software package for social network analysis. The number of vertices or nodes is 171, and the number of the unique edges or links is 128, but there are 101 edges with duplicates, so the total links are 229, which means that there are fewer Twitter accounts in the social network on tourism marketing, but they have a few close relationships by sharing information. The research can map the social network of communicators of tourism marketing using Twitter data. The network has a complicated pattern, including one independent network and some connected networks. Some mediators connect each network and can control the information flow of tourism marketing. More communicators are getting the information than the ones providing it, which means that there is likely to be the dependence of information among communicators that can cause an obstacle and distortion of the information flow system, especially in the independent network.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.257-270
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to visualize the semantic network with big data related to food exhibition at convention center. For this, this study collected data containing 'coex food exhibition/bexco food exhibition' keywords from web pages and news on Google during one year from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Data were collected by using TEXTOM, a data collecting and processing program. From those data, degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were analyzed by utilizing packaged NetDraw along with UCINET 6. The result showed that the web visibility of hospitality and destinations was high. In addition, the web visibility was also high for convention center programs, such as festival, exhibition, k-pop and event; hospitality related words, such as tourists, service, hotel, cruise, cuisine, travel. Convergence of iterated correlations showed 4 clustered named "Coex", "Bexco", "Nations" and "Hospitality". It is expected that this diagnosis on food exhibition at convention center according to changes in domestic environment by using these web information will be a foundation of baseline data useful for establishing convention marketing strategies.