• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

To develop environmentally friendly bio-materials for animal feed, the potential of using mushroom was studied. Adding Flammulina velutipes cultivation media wastes (FCMW) has shown beneficial effects on broiler meat quality and production cost because of the $10{\sim}20%$ saving in feeds for broiler chicken. However, differences proximate composition between FCMW and commercial broiler chicken feed were observed. FCMW had higher contents of crude fat (6.2%) and crude fiber (13.7%) than the commercial broiler feed which had crude fat and crude fiber of 4.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. But FCMW crude protein contents were lower (12.2%) than those in commercial broiler (19.0%). Adding $5{\sim}10%$ of FCMW to broiler chicken feed increased amino acid concentration upto $33{\sim}38%$ in the meat, but adding more than 20% decreased amino acid concentration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to enhance nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and increase mixture levels of broiler excreta by adding of corn meal. Treatments were included non mixture(control), adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and corn meal as a fresh matter basis, respectively. One liter laboratory silos were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The crude fiber, NDF and ADF contents were high in whole crop corn(P(O.Ol), crude protein and crude ash contents were high in the broiler excreta(P<0.05), and NFE content was high in corn meal (P< 0.05). 2. Crude protein content of silage was increased(I'$NH_3$-N contents of silage were markedly increased with increasing levels of broiler excreta and corn meal, and was the highest in the 30% broiler excreta treatment(P$meal$ <0.05), and Flieg's value gains "very good" by showing organic acids. 5. Numbers of total bacteria and lactobacilli were $10^5$ to $10^7$ and $10^5$ to $10^6$ , respectively, and were similar in all treatment. Colliform was all but annihilated in the treatment with mixture of broiler excreta and corn rneal.orn rneal.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to provide the basic information on the cookies made with barley and oatmeal powder and to establish an optimum formula for the development of cookies with high content of fiber. Cookie samples were prepared with barley and oatmeal at various mixing ratios (2:0, 1:1, 2:1, 0:2), and the chemical properties, textural characteristics, and sensory properties of them were evaluated. The contents of carbohydrate and moisture of barley cookies were higher than oatmeal cookies, but the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and total fiber of oatmeal were higher than those of barley. The moisture content was the highest in the cookies of oatmeal and the lowest in barley-used ones. The cookie volume was increased by the addition of barley and oatmeal. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the cookies containing barley and oatmeal (2:1) was significantly more preferable in overall acceptability than the others. Hunter color test showed that the lightness was the highest in control, but the redness and yellowness were increased in the cookies with barley and oatmeal compared with the control.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.453-456
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• 2007

This report described an outbreak of blindness caused by hypovitaminosis A in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) in Gyeongsangbukdo province, Korea. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, analysis of diet, and concentration of vitamin A and carotene in serum and/or feedstuff. Thirty eight of 48 cows were found to be affected. The causative diet contained higher levels of crude protein, net energy and crude fat and lower level of total fiber and crude fiber. Surprisingly, vitamin A was not detected in the causative diet. Treatment of vitamin A to Hanwoo that had blindness did not induce further progress of the symptom. Furthermore, there were no additional diseases detected. Based on the observations described above, this case was diagnosed as hypovitiminosis A.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1985

Chemical composition, dry matter and cellulose digestibilities and fermentation rates of alfalfa and orchard grass cut at different time were estimated in vitro method and the results summurized as follows: 1. Crude protein, crude fiber cwc and cellulose content of Alfalfa were decreassed as advancing cutting time. Crude protein, crude fiber and cwc content of Orchard grass were decreased as advancing cutting time up to 3 cutting, but crude protein was slightly increased at 4th cutting, crude fiber and cellulose content were higher at 2nd cutting, but decreased thereafter. 2. DM digestibility of Alfalfa was 51.80, 51.86, 52.92 and 59.52% at 1, 2, 3 and 4th cutting time, respectibly, thus slightly increased as advancing cutting time, and cellulose digestibility of Alfalfa was not much different with different cutting time. DM digestibility of Orchard grass was 62.21, 66.10, 60.95 and 66.32% at 1, 2, 3 and 4th cutting time, respectibly, and cellulose digestibility of Orchard grass was slightly increased at 3rd cutting time and then increased at 4th cutting time. 3. Fermentation rate of DM of alfalfa was the highest 1st cutting time (0.83%/hr.) and was not different at 3 and 4th cutting time. Cellulose fermentation rate of Alfalfa was the highest at 1st cutting time (1.29%/hr.), decreased at 2 and 3th and then increased at 4th cutting time. Fermentation rate of DM of Orchard grass was 1.42, 1.58, 1.60 and 1.57%/hr. and of cellulose was the highest at 2nd cutting time (1.77%/hr.)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2008

The contents of starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of different varieties of various crops such as brown rice, barley, corn, sweet potato were analyzed. The average starch contents of brown rice, barley, corn, and sweet potato were $70.1{\pm}0.4\;{\sim}\;72.2{\pm}2.1$, $68.7{\pm}0.2\;{\sim}\;71.4{\pm}1.2$, $67.6{\pm}0.8\;{\sim}\;69.4{\pm}1.8$, and $21.7{\pm}0.9\;{\sim}\;28.3{\pm}0.5%$, respectively. The ground powder of each starchy substrate was suspended in distilled water, and then liquefied, saccharified, and fermented by dried active yeast at 32 for 4 days. By statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the contents of the different components such as starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of the crops on the ethanol production were examined. The results showed that the starch content positively affected the ethanol production in all the tested cereals and sweet potato. In brown rice, ash content affected negatively the ethanol production. In barley, protein content affected negatively the ethanol production, while fiber content affected positively the ethanol production. The sweet potato containing higher content of moisture produced less amount of ethanol.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

We examined the forage quality to provide the basic information for the utilization of blackberry by-products (leaf and stem) among thirty-five mutant lines derived from gamma-ray. The leaves had higher crude protein (CP) contents than stems. In addition, the leaves showed broad ranges of variation in crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash. The overall forage quality of the stems were similar to those of the original variety. The mean of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of leaves and stems in mutant lines were 25.88% and 58.98%, respectively. Also, the mean of acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of leaves and stems in mutant lines were 15.43% and 49.27%, respectively. Forage quality grades of all blackberry leaf were special quality class. However, the blackberry stem ranked $1^{st}$ to $5^{th}$ in quality class. The stem diameter was negatively ($P{\leq}0.05$) correlated with the moisture and crude protein. Also, the fruit length was highly negatively ($P{\leq}0.01$) correlated with the RFV (relative feed value) in blackberry leaf. The one hundred fruit weight was highly negatively ($P{\leq}0.01$) correlated with the crude ash. Based on these results, the by-products of blackberry could provide high quality forage for feeding of live stock.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to clarify the plant growth promoting effect of compost supplemented with cultured solution of photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus) before sowing on the early growth of plug seedling of tomato and to evaluate the optimum concentration of bacterialization. Bacterializing concentrations(v/w) to the compost were 2%, 3.3%, 10%, 20% and 50%, respectively. Plant growth in terms of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total fresh and dry weight were promoted by the bacterialization of photosynthetic bacteria. Especially, in the plots supplemented with 10 to 20% the early growth was promoted markedly over 2 times. Compositions of photosynthetic bacteria consisted of crude protein 60.7%, soluble carbohydrates 20.1%, crude fat 7.6%, crude fiber 3.2% and crude ash 4.8, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.277-283
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• 2011

The goal of this study was to make more efficient use of Ligularia fischeri which has both medical and cooking applications after freezing and drying. We manufactured Sulgidduk containing 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% of Ligularia fischeri powder. Chemical analysis showed that Ligularia fischeri powder contained, 5.77% water, 19.97% crude protein, 1.89% crude fat, 13.12% crude ash, and 9.73% crude fiber. The water content of Sulgidduk to which Ligularia fischeri was added ranged from 37.72~40.20%. As more Ligularia fischeri was added, the L value and 'a' value increased, while the 'b' value did not significantly change. Optimal preference was for a 4% content of added Ligularia fischeri powder. Based on the results of this experiment, Sulgidduk manufactured with added Ligularia fischeri powder showed less hardness than the control group throughout a period of storage, and adequate addition of Ligularia fischeri powder can effectively enhance the storability of Sulgidduk containing Ligularia fischeri.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1994

To examine the productivity, growth characteristics, and nutritive value of forage rye at the southern region of Korea, fourteen varieties of rye were sown at Nov. 13, 1992 at the plot of experiment farm of Crop Experiment Station, Mokpo Branch, and over winter survival rate, heading date, yield, yield components and nutritional values were measured. All the varieties used in this experiment showed 100% over winter survival rate at the sowing date of Nov. 13. Heading dates of all the varieties ranges from Apr. 25 to May 10, which seems to be early enough to get high yield. The varieties, Paldal-hod, and Danko introduced from Japan appear to be the most recommended ones in the southem region of Korea. They showed early heading date of Apr. 25, large plant height, greater number of leaves, high yield, low content of crude fiber and crude fat, high crude protein, NFE, and crude a5h.