• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 1997

One hundred twenty healthy college students and housewives from urban middle income household were investigated in terms of food consumption patterns, nutrient intake and dietary fiber intake. Total food intake was slightly lower in college students(1059.9g/d) than in housewives(1160.g/d) . However, the ration of animal food to total food was considerably higher in college students(23.7%) than in housewives(16.8%). College students tended to consume more dairly products, meat & products, and cereals & grain products but less vegetables , fruits, fish and shellfish than housewives. Although nutrient intake was not much different (except for total calories, fats, and ascorbic acid), dietary fiber intake was slightly and significantly lower in college students(14.9g/d, 8.3g/1000kcal) than in housewives(16.9g/d, 103g/1000kcal) . That is partially due to college students irregular food habits and the change in their meal patterns from traditional to western diets. There was a significantly positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and crude fiber intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1508-1513
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• 2000

The aim of this trial was to study the response of laboratory animals including omnivores (rats) and herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters) to the same level of dietary fiber on their digestive enzymes and hindgut fermentation. Ten weanling animals of each of four species, rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and Syrian hamster, were fed a basal diet of 18% crude protein and 10% crude fiber for six weeks. The digesta and tissue of each intestinal segment were collected to measure the activity of digestive enzymes. Rabbits contained the highest secreted pepsin activity in the stomach, whereas rats contained the highest protease and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity in the small intestine, and lower fibrous hydrolases in the hindgut than rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. The total VFA productions in the caecum and colon were highest in rats, followed by hamsters and rabbits, while the guinea pigs contained the lowest VFA and a different pattern of VFA molar ratio from the other laboratory animals. The degree of hindgut fermentation in these laboratory animals was in reverse to the trend for their fiber digestion.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1998

The chemical copositions in rice hulls of twenty six varieties which are one of the largest agricultural by-products in Korea were analyzed. The chemical compositions were 8.56~9.70% moisture, 10.01~17.16% ash, 44.02~55.50% crude fiber, 0.26~2.90% crude protein, 9.20~14.50% starch, and 0.28~0.69% lipid. There were no significantly difference in chemical compositions among twenty six varities. The mineral contents(mg/100g) were 14.3~392.4mg K, 59.4~389.1mg Ca, 31.78~377.8mg Zn, 19.4~104.4mg Na, 12.9~47.6mg Mg, 12.8~37.0mg Si, 8.3~30.5mg Fe, 7.9~26.1mg Al, 7.6~23.5mg Mn, and 6.3~40.3mg P. The contents of IDF (insoluble detergent fiber), SDF(soluble detergent were 70%, 1~2%, 67~73%, 51~60%, 11~17% and 0.3~2%, respectively. The lignin content was higher in Hwa-Young and Mankum than in others. The amounts of ethanol extracts of rice hulls were 1.01~1.52%. In conclusion, the chemical compositions were not significantly difference among twenty six rice hulls varieties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

Different fractions of maize plant and whole mixed fodder were analysed for their chemical composition and dry matter digestibility (DMD). Highest crude protein (CP) values were found in leaves as compared to the other portions. Younger plants contained more CP as compared to the matured ones. The crude fiber (CF) content of various fractions of the plant ranged between 19.12 to 35.60% with maximum values in the bottom portion of the stem. Matured plants contained more CF. The analysis of cell wall constituents indicated that the maximum values for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were found in the bottom portion and in the whole mixed plant. The highest levels of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were observed in bottom fraction followed by whole mixed plant, whereas the other plant fractions did not show any differences. Variation in acid detergent lignin (ADL) values existed in different fractions of the plant and the lowest were in the top portion of the stem. Although there existed a variation in the mineral composition of different fractions of the plants, the results were non significant. Maximum DMD was found in leaves followed by the whole mixed plant, middle and bottom portion of the stem. The values of DMD were higher in younger plants as compared to the matured ones. It may be concluded that younger plants and the upper portion of the plants have a higher nutritive value as compared to the matured plants and lower portion of the plants.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1996

배추김치 재료 및 김치의 총 식이 섬유(수용성 및 불용성) 함량 측정과 조섬유 함량을 측정하여 김치의 실제 이용 식이섬유 함량을 섬유소로 알려진 조섬유 함량과 비교확인하였다. 김치재료 중 $마늘(22.3\pm1.3%)이$ 수용성 식이섬유 함량이 가장 높았고 $고춧가루(31.7\pm0.1)는$ 불용성 식이섬유 함량이 가장 많았다. 김치 재료의 총 식이섬유 함량은 건조물단 19.1~39.1%로 $고춧가로(39.1\pm0.6%)가$ 가장 높았다. 김치는 불용성 식이섬유 함량이 수용성 식이섬유 보다 2배 정도 많았고 생김치와 $5^{\circ}C에서$ 3주 발효한 김치의 총 식이섬유 함량은 각각 $20.7\pm0.1%와$ $24.0\pm0.1%로$ 적당히 익은 김치의 식이섬유 함량이 높았다. 김치재료의 조섬유 함량은 총 식이섬유 함량과 크게 차이가 있었는데 마늘은 $1.3\pm0.1%로$ 가장 낮았고 고춧가루는 $20.5\pm0.7%를$ 나타내었다. 김치의 조섬유 함량은 식품성분표에서의 함량과 비숫하여 신선물당 생김치는 $0.7\pm01%,$ 3주 김치는 $0.9\pm0.1%였으나$ 건조물당은 생김치 $8.2\pm0.5%,$ 3주 김치는 $9.3\pm0.2%로$ 총 식이섬유 함량의 1/2~1/3 정도이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1993

Browse from Quercus aliena Blume, Quercus mongolica Fisch.. Quercus serrata Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Quercus variabilies Blume, and Quercus dentata Thunb. were analyzed for crude protein (CP). crude fiber(CF). neutral detergent fiber(NDF). acid detergent fiber(ADF). cellulose. lignin, in vitro dry matter digestibility(DMD), and tannin acid equivalents(TAE). According to the chemical composition and DMD. the total digestible nutrients(TDN). digestible energy(DE), and metabolizable energy(ME) were estimated. Oak browse samples were collected from May through October from 1990 to 1992 in Mt. Kyeryong. Browse from Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, and Quercus serrata contained higher levels of CP, DMD. TDN, DE. and ME. but lower levels of CF, NDF. ADF, and TAE as compared with other oak browse. Differences among seasons and years in the concentration of CP. NDF, and organic matter digestibility(0MD) were significantly appeared in all oak browse(P<0.05). The order of preference ratings of oak browse were Quercus aliena ) Quercus acutissima ) Quercus serrata ) Quercus mongollca ) Quercus variabilies ) Quercus dentata. As the results of this study, it could be considered that Quercus aliena and Quercus acutisslma were more valuable browse source than others.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1996

Bacterial transformation of bile acids is possibly involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. n several epidemiological studies, the fecal bile acid dietary fiber are related to the indicence of colonic cancer. This study investigated the influence of age, dietary fiber intake on fecal bile acid profiles in healthy subject. The dietary fiber were assessed by mean of 24 hour dietary recall method, the subjects consist of 238 members aged 20 to 64 years old and feces are collected from the subjects. Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography. Mean dily crude fiber intake level was 7.7$\pm$1.4g(dietary fiber : 16.7$\pm$3.5g), dietary fiber intake range being 6.5-36.8g. The dietary fiber intake in elederly subject was significantly lower than in the other younger groups. Dietary fiber intakes was negatively correlated with the total bil acid concentation in feces. Probably, a decrease in dietary fiber intake results in higher fecal bile acid concentrations. The secondary bile acid concentration is related to the colon cancer, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were significantly higher in elderly subjects. Concentration of fecal total bile acid, deoxycholic acid, coprostanol, coprostanone were higher in low dietary fiber intake group. These results suggest that the risk factor for colon cancer might be reduced, when dietary fibers are consummed more.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1994

A study was conducted to develop a new analytical method to quantitate chicken dietary fiber (CDF). Four types of grain diets and 2 types of forages were used. Three broiler chicks at eight weeks of age were used in the Latin square design to estirnate the in vivo digestibility. Six quantitative analytical methods (Southgate method, total dietary fiber or TDF, acid detergent fiber or ADF, neutral detergent fiber or NDF, crude fiber or CF) including CDF were compared in this study. ADF, NDF and CF contained the lowest amount of the unavailable carbohydrate(UC). The value of TDF was higher than the values of ADF, NDF and CF and lower than CDF and the Southgate method. The value of NDF showed the lower values than the CDF, Southgate fiber and TDF. The recovery rate of the fiber in the feces was high in the TDF, ADF, NDF and CF, while CDF and Southgate fiber showed lower recovery rates. TDF, NDF, ADF, or CF can replace chromium in the digestibility test, while the CDF and Southgate fiber can not replace chrorniurn. The digestibility of TDF, NDF, ADF and CF in the chicken showed negative values or values close to zero depending on the types of feed but the digestibility of CDF and Southgate fiber showed relatively high positive values.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.220-220
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• 2017

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) is a very outstanding material crop with high protein and oil contents. We conducted this study to evaluate forage value and usability of soybean varieties as livestock forage. Three soybeans cultivars, OT93-26, Geomjeongsaeol, and Pungwon, were evaluated for forage use in this study, and Kwangpyeongok and Yeongwoo were used as check forage corn and rice, respectively. The whole soybean plants were harvested at the R5 (beginning seed development)- and R6 (full seed)-reproductive stages for analyzing forage usability and quality. Days to harvesting of the R5 stage-OT93-26 was the shortest among the tested crops while that of Yeongwoo was 122 days. The fresh and dry matter yields of all 3 soybeans were greater at R6 stage than at R5. Crude protein of the soybean cultivars harvested had a higher compared to the rice and corn regardless of the harvesting stage. Contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of Yeongwoo had the lowest whereas Pungwon harvested at R5 were the highest. Among the soybeans, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake, and relative feed value of R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol and Pungwon were high more compared to those at the R5-harvested, but in case of OT93-26 those at R6 stage were inversely measured rather than those at R5 stage. In conclusion, soybean can be used as s forage with high nutritive value for livestock. Moreover, Geomjeongsaeol can be applied to develop new forage soybean varieties with high nutritive value, and R6 stage is the optimum harvesting stage in yield and quality of the tested soybeans more than R5.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.989-1001
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• 2023

The study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber and energy levels administered during two growing periods (d 0-28 and d 29-56) for pigs exposed to a high temperature. A total of 96 growing pigs were used in six treatments as: Two treatments in thermoneutral temperature (21℃-24℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, two treatments in heat stress (30℃-34℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, and two treatments in heat stress with dietary energy of 3,450 and the inclusion of high or low fiber. Among standard energy level treatments, heat-stressed pigs showed lower average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fiber in phases 1 and 2. Moreover, higher concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in feces were shown in pigs fed high fiber diets. There was a negative interaction between dietary fiber and energy for the fecal concentration of isobutyrate in phase 1 and valerate in phase 2. Pigs in heat stress treatments showed a higher rectal temperature, respiratory rate, hair cortisol, plasma zonulin, and fecal lipocalin-2. Among heat stress treatments, the overall ADG was increased in pigs fed high fiber. Pigs fed high dietary fiber showed a greater concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA. High fiber treatments decreased plasma zonulin. In conclusion, the inclusion of beet pulp, soluble fiber, at the level of 4% looks necessary in pigs diet during heat stress.