• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2009

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) plays an important role in knee extension. Rotational instability due to injured PCL can be restored by various PCL reconstruction methods. In this study, the initial lengthening affected by fixation device and location was demonstrated, and furthermore, the slippage and the relationship between lengthening ratio and slippage ratio in the calcaneus and soft tissue fixation methods was newly suggested. Eight specimens of proximal tibia and Achilles tendon grafts were harvested from four cadavers and divided into four groups in regard to the four different types of transtibial fixation techniques. The cyclic load ranged from 50 N to 250 N applied to each graft fixed to proximal tibia in 55 degrees. The initial lengthening ratio to the total elongation has been approximately constant regardless of the fixation methods. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw showed about 56.4% slippage ratio to the total elongation and the same method with a double cross-pin presented about 45.4% slippage ratio. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw demonstrated approximately 2 mm less total elongation and about 13% more slippage than lengthening because of poor fixation compared to the same method with a double cross-pin.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-130
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• 2010

Femoral avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is rare, especially in adult. We experienced a case of femoral bony avulsion fracture of PCL. The patient was seventy one year old man with limitation of motion in the knee joint due to previous trauma and he was injured by fall down from 2 m height. We took CT scan and MRI study. We treated with arthroscopic repair technique using transfemoral two wire sutures. Second look arthroscopy was done for removal of the wires at postoperative one year.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

The Hamstring autograft and the bone patellar bone tendon autograft have been widely used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In recent years, use of hamstring autograft for ACL reconstrution has been increased. The reason seems to be the advantages of the hamstring tendon such as high ultimate tensile load, low donor site morbidity and development of graft fixation method. These theoretical advantages have been increased as studies have shown that hamstring tendons actually regenerate after harvesting for ACL reconstruction. However, the concerns have arisen regarding the disadvantages of hamstring harvest, which were weakness of tibial internal rotation, the loss of flexion strength. The flexion strength loss has been controversial, therefore it needs to study whether restoration of flexion strength after hamstring regeneration is or not. In this study, we reviewed the current research of concerns on the advantage and disadvantage of hamstring tendon autograft and the hamstring regeneration. Furthermore, we compared the earlier studies and experiences regarding Hamstring regeneration with our research.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.54-56
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• 2014

A 9-year-old Korean native cattle was referred with chief complaint of left hind limb lameness during 2 months. He could not bear a weight on the left hind limb. On palpation, the stifle joint was swollen and mild fever was felt. In X-ray images, increased joint fluid, subchondral bone erosions, osteophyte formation along the trochlear ridge, and changes in the shape of the infrapatellar fat pad were shown. Cranial displacement of the tibia and intercondylar eminence could be seen. Based on the history, physical examination and radiographic findings, the bull was diagnosed as anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Because he could not participate in further bullfighting competition anymore, we indicated the slaughter as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.175-184
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of complex Korean Medicine treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries with meniscus tear. Four patients were treated with complex Korean Medicine by acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and herbal medication. We evaluated the improvement of knee pain and function by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC Index), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index). After treatment, we found that knee pain was reduced and joint function was improved by NRS and WOMAC index in all cases. In the evaluation of health-related quality of life through EQ-5D index, there was no significant difference in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis and severe meniscal injury. This results show that complex Korean Medicine may be an effective option for ACL injuries with meniscus tear. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effect of Korean Medicine therapy on ACL injuries with meniscus tear.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2014

Localized forms of giant cell tumor are known to arise commonly in the synovial membrane of the finger joints. Multinucleated giant cells are its characteristic pathology finding, giant cell tumor shows a low rate of recurrence after complete excision. When occurring at the knee joints, giant cell tumor manifests a wide form of symptoms, from no symptom at all, to intermittent locking. Complete excision is possible by arthroscopy, but if done incompletely, it is reported to recur in 45% of cases. We present here a case of giant cell tumor that has arisen from the anterior portion of the posterior cruciate ligament, excised by arthroscopy and followed by pathologic confirmation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.274-282
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• 2012

The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of Polycan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, which is composed mostly of beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, on osteoarthritis (OA)-induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT&PMM). Three different dosages of Polycan (85, 42.5, and 21.25 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 84 days to male rats a week after ACLT&PMM surgery. Changes in the circumference and maximum extension angle of each knee, and in cartilage histopathology were assessed using Mankin scores 12 weeks after Polycan administration. In addition, cartilage proliferation was evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). As the result of ACLT&PMM, classic OA was induced with increases in maximum extension angles, edematous knees changes, and capsule thickness, as well as decreases in chondrocyte proliferation, cartilages degenerative changes, and loss of articular cartilage. However, these changes (except for capsule thickness) were markedly inhibited in all Polycan- and diclofenac sodium-treated groups compared with OA control. Although diclofenac sodium did not influence BrdU uptake, BrdU-immunoreactive cells were increased with all dosages of Polycan, which means that Polycan treatment induced proliferation of chondrocytes in the surface articular cartilage of the tibia and femur. The results obtained in this study suggest that 84 days of continuous oral treatment of three different dosages of Polycan led to lesser degrees of articular stiffness and histological cartilage damage compared with OA controls 91 days after OA inducement, suggesting that the optimal Polycan dosage to treat OA is 42.5 mg/kg based on the present study.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.264-267
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• 2009

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disorder of the synovium of joints. It occurs most commonly in the knee joint. The disease is composed of 2 different forms: diffuse and localized. The localized form is less frequent than the diffuse one. Most cases of localized PVNS involve the anterior compartment of the knee and can be usually easily diagnosed and treated with arthroscopy. We experienced a patient of localized PVNS developed on the posterior cruciate ligament, whose main symptom was persistent pain after trauma. This case occurs rarely and complete removal of the lesion was performed arthroscopically, using posterior trans-septal portal. We report this case with review of literatures.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

Background: We analyze the functional evaluation, posterior stability after surgery of acute injuries in the femoral detachment and tibial avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament. Materials and Methods: Twenty two patients who underwent primary repair were followed more than one year after operation (mean follow-up 33.7 months). The patients were evaluated with KT 2000 arthrometer and posterior stress test for posterior stability. Lysholm knee score was used for knee function. Results: Lysholm score revealed 85.3 in femoral detachment group and 91.1 in tibial avulsion fracture group (P<0.05). Posterior displacement of the posterior stress test showed 17.2 mm at initial injury and 8.6 mm at last follow up in femoral detachment group, 16.8 mm at initial injury and 7.1 mm at last follow up in tibial avulsion fracture group. There revealed the tendency of the improved posterior stability of the tibial avulsion group compared with femoral detachment group, but there showed no statistical significance in KT 2000 arthrometer and posterior stress x-ray. Conclusion: Functional results of tibial avulsion fracture group revealed the better outcome compared with femoral detachment group, but the degree of posterior stability in tibial avulsion fracture group showed no statistical significance in posterior stability.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to examine the factors that influence synovialization of the grafted tendon after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction based on second-look arthroscopic findings. Methods: Out of 205 knees that were treated between August 2008 and May 2016 with double-bundle ACL reconstruction using bio-absorbable cross-pins and Endobuttons for femoral tunnel fixation, we enrolled 65 knees (64 patients) that underwent second-look arthroscopy with hardware removal at 1 year postoperatively. Measured clinical outcomes included the Lysholm score and Tegner activity score that were evaluated preoperatively and during the final follow-up. We analyzed the relationship between synovial coverage and patient age, length of the preserved remnant tissue on the tibial side, type of bundle (anteromedial or posterolateral), type of graft (autograft or allograft), and time from injury to surgery. Results: The area of synovial coverage showed a significant statistical correlation with patient age and the length of the preserved remnant tissue on the tibial side. The average synovial coverage was significantly better for the anteromedial bundle than for the posterolateral bundle, better for the autograft than for the allograft reconstruction, and better when treated in the acute stage than in the chronic stage. However, synovialization of grafted tendon did not correlate to clinical outcomes. Conclusions: While we were able to identify several factors influencing synovialization of the grafted tendon after double-bundle ACL reconstruction, including patient age, length of preserved remnant tissue of the torn ACL, type of bundle, type of graft, and time from injury to surgery, we found no evidence that increased synovialization improves clinical outcomes at 1 year postoperatively.