• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권6B호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2007

In this paper we proposed an energy consumption model for IR-UWB wireless sensor networks. The model takes the advantages of PHY-MAC cross layer design, and we used slotted and un-slotted sleeping protocols to compare the energy consumption. We addressed different system design issues that are responsible to energy consumption and proposed an optimum model for the system design. We expect the slotted sleeping will consume less energy for bursty load than that of the un-slotted one. But if we consider latency, the un-slotted sleeping model performs better than the slotted sleeping case.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2000

100${\mu}m$ 이하의 길이를 가지는 두 개의 영역으로 구성된 수직 방향성 결합기에서 1% 이하의 안쪽 클래딩 (퓨전층)과 도파로 코어의 굴절율 변화에 의하여 소자의 끝단에서 30dB 이상의 소멸비를 가지는 cross state와 bar state를 모두 얻을 수 있음을 보였다. 향상된 결합모드 이론과 beam propagation method를 사용하여 도파로 코어의 귤절율과 안쪽 클래딩의 굴절율과 두께에 따른 cross state와 bar state의 소멸비 계산 결과의 분석을 통하여 융합된 수직 방향성 결합 스위치의 설계 지침을 제시하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.1721-1736
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• 2013

Black and gray hole attack is one kind of routing disturbing attacks and can bring great damage to the network. As a result, an efficient algorithm to detect black and gray attack is important. This paper demonstrate an adaptive approach to detecting black and gray hole attacks in ad hoc network based on a cross layer design. In network layer, we proposed a path-based method to overhear the next hop's action. This scheme does not send out extra control packets and saves the system resources of the detecting node. In MAC layer, a collision rate reporting system is established to estimate dynamic detecting threshold so as to lower the false positive rate under high network overload. We choose DSR protocol to test our algorithm and ns-2 as our simulation tool. Our experiment result verifies our theory: the average detection rate is above 90% and the false positive rate is below 10%. Moreover, the adaptive threshold strategy contributes to decrease the false positive rate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권10B호
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• pp.1175-1181
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• 2011

PFMIPv6 에서 사용자 선호도에 따라 여러 가지 무선 접속 기술을 사용하고자 하는 요구사항을 만족시키는 수직 핸드오버를 가능하게 하기 위해서는 무선 접속기술의 변형을 요구하는 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 cross-layer를 고려하여 무선 접속 기술에 상관없이 고속 수직 핸드오버를 기능하게 하는 PFMIPv6 기반의 MIH 수직 핸드오버에 대해 연구하였다. 또한 제안한 핸드오버 절차에 대해 핸드오버 지연시간에 대한 성능검증을 수행하여, 제안한 핸드오버 절차가 PMIPv6 기반의 핸드오버 절차에 비해 성능이 우수함을 입증하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2009

Hair cut is one of the best useful technical tool for hair styling. In this study using the rule of the layers of hair design, balanced for visual art, perceptual ability and form created by the principles of analysis and offer hair cuts and hair design of the representation of regions and even hair design as the basis of a student of Hair Beauty and all the people working in the field can create a variety of hair design puts the purpose to establish a basis. The result of this study can be outline as follows: First, the step line and the movement of the relationship between the law of the layers above and below the length of the same layer techniques, the same consists of a vertical cross-section of the overall round shape of the cut same layer is created and the appropriate volume and movement, the movement of low-layer round a little bit more feeling and expression is used when you want. High-layer used to want to move a lot of light and could see that. Second, the layer of the Law and over direction, lifting, section, the line control. weight control and analyzed by principle and the principle of the process of forming the written form was unknown. Third, hair design, the expansion of the expressive power of the law of the layers, and the section of the over direction depends on the presence of line control to express the length of the outline I had to, lifting the weight to adjust form controls, and the expression of Hair Design will be expanding the width. A hair designer, a layer style to create a zone he thought the law of the first layer formative area To further the reach will be a lot of research, leading up formative aspects of this research thesis do not have missing parts, or as a result of the Beauty of Hair Design and the width of a hair design education in the field can perform to help feed the reference materials that will be.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2002

Most Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes adopt a solid Computer Aided Design (CAD) model, which will be sliced into thin layers of constant thickness in the building direction. Each cross-sectional layer is successively deposited and, simultaneously, bonded onto the previous layer; and eventually the stacked layers from a physical part of the model. A new RP process, the transfer-type Variable Lamination Manufacturing process using expandable polystyrene foam sheet (VLM-ST), has been developed to reduce building time and to improve the surface finish of parts with the thick layers and a sloping surface. This paper describes the generation of Unit Shape Layer (USL), the cutting path data of the linen. hotwire cutter for the VLM-ST process. USL is a three-dimensional layer with a thickness of more than 1 mm and a side slope, and it is the basic unit of cutting and building in the VLM-ST process. USL includes data such as layer thickness, positional coordinates, side angles of each layer, hotwire cutting speed, the heat input to the hotwire, and reference shape. The procedure of generating USL is as follows: (1)Generation of the mid-slice from the CAD model, (2)Conversion of the mid-slice into a simply connected domain, (3)Generation to the reference shape for the mid-slice, (4)Calculation of the rotation angle of the hotwire of the cutting system.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 1996

초광대역 주파수 특성을 가지며, 제2층에 십자형 슬롯을 가지는 2층형 전파흡수체의 광대역 설계법을 제안하였다 이와같은 광대역 전파흡수체는 등가재료정수법을 적용한 이론 모델을 이용하여 설계할 수 있다. 제안한 모델을 바탕으로 30MHz~3,170MHz의 주파수 범위에서 우수한 반사감쇠 특성을 가지는 초광대역 전파흡수체를 설계하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

무선 센서 네트워크는 다수의 센서 노드로 구성되며, 센서 노드들의 협력 작업을 통해 하나의 공통 작업을 수행한다. 본 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크에서 발생하는 일시적인 혼잡상황을 제어하기 위해 기존의 ECN 메커니즘과 크로스 레이어 기술을 적용한 혼잡제어 메커니즘을 제안하였다. 성능분석을 위해 NS-2 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 무선 센서 네트워크에 혼잡상황 발생시 싱크 노드에서의 패킷 처리율을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 메커니즘이 무선 센서 네트워크의 혼잡에 효과적으로 대응함을 나타내었다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2010

For the adaption of roll-to-roll printing method to the printed electronics, it is mandatory to increase the resolution of register errors. Therefore it is desired to derive the mathematical modeling of register error or to develop controller design. The cross direction register error was derived considering both lateral motion of moving web and transverse position of printing roll. The mathematical modeling was validated and the relationship between the lateral motion and register error was analyzed by numerical simulations in various operating conditions using multi-layer direct gravure printing machine. The results could be used for a design of the CD register in the multi-layer printing and the lateral motion caused by translation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2007

An optimum design process of the broad-band multi-layered radar absorbing material, using genetic algorithm, is established for the radar cross section reduction of a complex target, which consists of multiple reflection structures, such as surface warships. It follows the successive process of radar cross section analysis, scattering center analysis, radar absorbing material design, and reanalysis of radar cross section after applying the radar absorbing material. It is demonstrated that it is very effective even in the optimum design of the multi-layer radar absorbing material. This results from the fact that the three factors, i.e.. the incident angle range, broad-band frequencies, and maximum thickness can be simultaneously taken into account by adopting the genetic algorithm.