• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2021

Through an empirical comparative analysis, we found that people in mainland China and Taiwan demonstrate strong similarities in their support for democracy, based on democratic suitability, efficiency, preference, and priority. There are also differences in beliefs about democratic values. Compared to people in mainland China, the Taiwanese have a deeper and more widely shared belief in the principles of participation and pluralism, while the differences between their beliefs in the principles of equality, freedom, and checks and balances are narrow. Furthermore, people in mainland China and Taiwan have a strong similarity in their understanding of democracy, that is, they all present a mixed democratic understanding based on substantive bias. Overall, although the differences between mainland China and Taiwan's democratic practices are reflected in the level of value identification from the perspective of democratic support and democratic understanding, the popular democratic political culture in mainland China and Taiwan still has a relatively broad consensus. Thus, the integration and development of cross-strait relations not only has an increasingly profound social and economic foundation but also considerable consensus and mass support on the political and cultural level.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.887-898
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• 2021

This paper presents a simplified model to capture the nonlinear behavior of steel frames depending on the spread of plasticity method. New interaction formulae were derived to evaluate the plastic strength for I-shaped steel sections under uniaxial bending moment and axial compression load. Also, new empirical formulae were derived to evaluate the tangent stiffness modulus of steel I-shaped cross-sections considering the effect of the residual stresses suggested by the specifications in European Convention for Construction Steelworks (ECCS). The secant stiffness which depends on the tangent modulus is used to evaluate the internal forces. Based on stiffness matrix method, a finite element analysis program was developed for the nonlinear analysis of space steel frames using the derived formulae. Comparison between the proposed model results with those given by the fiber model shows very good agreement. Numerical examples were introduced to verify, check the accuracy, and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The analysis results show that the new proposed model is accurate and able to minimize the solution time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.201-209
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• 2023

Recently, fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in various industrials fields. In this study, the mechanical behavior, especially fracture behavior, of biomimetic fiber-reinforced composites subjected to pressure loading was analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The fiber alignments in the biomimetic composites formed a helicoidal structure, wherein a stacking sequence involved a gradual rotation of each ply in the multi-layered laminated composites. For comparison, cross-ply composite samples with fibers arranged at 0° and 90° were prepared and analyzed. In addition, the mechanical behavior was analyzed based on combinations of the stacking sequence of carbon-fiber composites and glass-fiber composites. The FEA results showed that, when compared with the cross-ply samples, the mechanical properties of the biomimetic composites were considerably improved under pressure loading, which was applied to one side of the composites. Thus, the biomimetic helicoidal structure significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Placing materials having high elasticity and strength in the outermost layers (the layer of the side on which pressure was applied and the opposite side layer) of the composites also significantly contributed to improving the mechanical properties of the composites.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.373-384
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• 1997

In this study, 4 types of dowel pin were used to fabricate removable dies using the Pindex system. The comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing were conducted in each type of dowel pin, and the horizontal discrepancies in the interabutment distance according to the abutment location and the type of dowel pin were comparatively analyzed. Abutments LM(left molar), LP(left premolar), A(anterior), RP(right premolar), and RM (right molar) were used for measurement. The interabutment distances were measured between each abutment : LM-LP, LM-A, LM-RP, and LM-RM. The slide scanned image of each model was magnified on the computer screen and the measurements were conducted using the meeting point of the cross on the occlusal surface of each abutment. The results were as follows : 1. In the comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing in each type of dowel pin, there was no significant difference in World dowel pin(double), Bi-pin(double), Maxcel dowel pin(single). In the World dowel pin(single) there was no significant difference between LM-LPs, but in the other measurements (LM-As, LM-RPs, and LM-RMs) there was significant difference between before and after sawing(p<0.05). 2. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the abutment location, there was significant difference between measurement LM-LP($0.27{\pm}0.19mm$) and the others : LM-A($0.46{\pm}0.20mm$), LM-RP($0.38{\pm}0.25mm$), LM-RM($0.45{\pm}0.22mm$) (p<0.05). 3. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the type of dowel, there was no significant difference between each dowel. As a result when fabricating a removable die using the previously mentioned 4 types of dowel pins, it is thought that the horizontal discrepancy increased in proportion to the interabutment span length and does not depend on the type of dowel pin.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-58
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to look into the didactical background for teaching proportional reasoning in elementary school mathematics and offer suggestions to improve teaching proportional reasoning in the future. In order to attain these purposes, this study extracted and examined key ideas with respect to the didactical background on teaching proportional reasoning through a theoretical consideration regarding various studies on proportional reasoning. Based on such examination, this study compared and analyzed textbooks used in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. In the light of such theoretical consideration and analytical results, this study provided suggestions for improving teaching proportional reasoning in elementary schools in Korea as follows: giving much weight on proportional reasoning, emphasizing multiplicative comparison and discerning between additive comparison and multiplicative comparison, underlining the ratio concept as an equivalent relation, balancing between comparisons tasks and missing value tasks inclusive of quantitative and qualitative, algebraic and geometrical aspects, emphasizing informal strategies of students before teaching cross-product method, and utilizing informal and pre-formal models actively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1997

This study was carried out to confirm the taxonomical status by comparison of morphological and chromosomal charateristics and cross breeding in the two types of black and yellow body color of Korean mandarin fish, Siniperca sherzeri from Han River, Korea. Black and yellow types of Korean mandarin fish were similar in having 90-98 lateral line scale pores, 13 dorsal fin rays and XII XIII spines, 9 anal fin rays and 15 pectoral fin rays, but yellow type was differ from blacks type by yellow body color pattern. Diploid chromosome and arm number (fundamental number, NF) of the two types were the same to 2n=48 and NF=52. Karyotypes in the two types are consisted of 2 pairs submetacentric chromosome and 22 pairs of acro and/or telocentric chromosome. The black type females of Siniperca scherzeri were artificially crossed with yellow type males and black type males, respectively. The progenies from each cross breeding produced the normal individuls that possessed with parent types in the body color pattern. These data suggest that two types of Korean mandarin fish were same species, and yellow type was mutant by albino.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.532-538
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to establish the efficiency of crop breeding on comparison of combination methods of single, 3-way, and double crosses and combination order of 4 winter wheat which were different in origin, source, and plant types, On comparison of 4 crossing modes, there appeared the earliest heading and the highest grain yield in double cross, and decreased in 3-way. single crosses. and parents in order, There showed the significant mean squares of GCA and SCA in 4${\times}$4 diallel analysis for grain yield and yield components. Grumil and Bezostaya 1 exhibited highest GCA effect of grain yield which appeared the actual highest grain yield. There appeared the highest SCA-effect in F$_1$ (Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) showing 4.22. Of the 3 double crosses there exhibited the highest grain yield in F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil/ /Lanota/Bezostaya 1). Two single crosses for this double cross ---F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1) --- do not revealed directly for this yield, but combined each other by chromosome switch as combination of F$_1$ (Grumil/Lancota), F$_1$(Grumil/Bezostaya 1), F$_1$(Eunpamil/Lancota) and F$_1$(Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) which appeared the higher grain yields and SCA-effects. Of the six 3-way crosses. F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1/ /Eunpamil) expressed the highest grain yield. Its combinations were F$_1$ (Lancota/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Bezostaya 1/Eunpamil) combined by chromosome switch, which its grain yield and SCA-effect were higher.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Change detection technique is essential to various applications of Very High-Resolution(VHR) satellite imagery and land monitoring. However, change detection accuracy of VHR satellite imagery can be decreased due to various geometrical dissimilarity. In this paper, the existing fusion evaluation indexes were revised and applied to improve VHR imagery based change detection accuracy between multi-temporal images. In addition, appropriate change detection methodology of VHR images are proposed through comparison of general change detection algorithm with cross-sharpened image based change detection algorithm. For these purpose, ERGAS, UIQI and SAM, which were representative fusion evaluation index, were applied to unsupervised change detection, and then, these were compared with CVA based change detection result. Methodologies for minimizing the geometrical error of change detection algorithm are analyzed through evaluation of change detection accuracy corresponding to image fusion method, also. The experimental results are shown that change detection accuracy based on ERGAS index by using cross-sharpened images is higher than these based on other estimation index by using general fused image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2008

More precise estimation of the bed change, primary cause of flood damage, has been recognized significant for designs of levees and other river facilities. In this study, the long-term bed change was examined as the application of the relatively new Surface-water Modeling System (SMS) Model because there has not been broad verification of the model empirically on river of South Korea. This 2-dimensional model was used to examine the bed change of Pochon Stream Basin, a tributary of Imjin River, where heavy rain damages annually occur. First, in order to verify the model, the simulating period was set from 1986 to 1998 because of the existence of the field measurements. Cross sectional field measurements of 1986 were used for the initial condition and output were compared and analyzed with the observed cross sectional data in 1998. As the results of the verification, the comparison in lateral and streamwise bed level between results from the model and the field measurements showed a reasonable agreement except for the some cases of local scours. However, in terms of the quantitative comparison, the change of the bed elevations for each cross section for 1998 was rather underestimated than that of the field measurements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 1992

After the virtual eradication of cattle during World War II, Papua New Guinea herds were rebuilt with Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus cattle from Australia. These, and Red Sindhi and Sahiwal, imported in 1952, were considered unsuitable breeds. In 1954, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries imported three Brahman bulls and three heifers from Texas and in 1960 began importations of Afrikaner from Queensland. In Central Province, Brahmans were crossed with Angus and at Erap (Morobe) the hottest place in Papua New Guinea, Shorthorns were crossed with Afrikaners. In 1965, Brahman and Brahman-cross were sent to Erap. Records of breeding and growth rates were collected for use in upgrading in cattle of the basis of performance, not pedigree. The data are not ideal for genetic analysis, since no control groups were maintained. Birth weights (BWT), weaning weights (WWT) and calving intervals (CI) were analysed for the period 1969-1978. After exclusion of unsatisfactory data, 2,514 calf records were used, including both breeds from 1969 to 1973, but only Brahman-cross subsequently. Breed mean BWT ranged only from 30.6 to 33.8 kg. As Brahman content increased, BWT decreased and WWT increased; within a genotype, there was a negative maternal effect of high Brahman content on BWT and a positive effect on WWT which ranged from 138 to 174 kg. Afrikaner calves had heavier BWT but lighter WWT. As expected, bulls were heaviest, heifers lightest and mature cows bore and reared heavier calves. Calving interval (405 days, equivalent to 90% calving) was unaffected by breed but 4-year old cows averaged 423 days. Breed differences in BWT and WWT are consistent with the body of literature on performance of Brahmans and Afrikaners. Since cattle tick are not present and internal parasites are insignificant at Erap, the superiority of Brahmans indicates that they were better at utilizing the mediocre quality grazing of the Markham Valley or were more heat tolerant. Performance selection over ten years resulted in the virtual elimination of Afrikaners, with the final genotype approximately 9/16 Brahman, 3/8 Shorthorn and 1/16 Afrikaner.