• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2012

열차가 터널에 고속으로 진입하면, 압력파가 발생한다. 열차 선두부의 진입에 의하여 발생한 압축파는 터널을 따라 진행되어 터널 출구에서 반사되어 팽창파로 되돌아오며, 후미부의 진입에 의하여 발생한 팽창파도 터널을 따라 전파되어 터널 출구에서 압축파로 반사되어 터널 입구로 되돌아 온다. 열차 선두부 및 후미부에 의하여 발생한 이러한 압력파는 터널 입구 및 출구에서 각각 반사되어 터널 내부를 왕복하며, 차량 객실에 탑승한 승객들에게는 이명감을 일으키고, 터널 출구에서는 환경소음의 일종인 미기압파를 발생시킨다. 터널에서의 큰 압력 변동은 터널의 최적 단면적 설계에도 주요 인자로 고려되고 있으며, 차체의 반복 피로 하중으로 작용하므로, 이에 대한 정량적 및 정성적 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 고정 격자계를 이용한 특성 해법을 개발하였으며, KTX를 이용한 실차 시험 결과와 비교하였으며, 해석 결과는 시험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.500-509
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• 2009

Passive samplers have been used for many years for the sampling of organic vapors in work environment atmospheres. Currently, all passive samplers used in domestic occupational monitoring are foreign products. This study was performed to evaluate variable parameters for the development of passive organic samplers, which include the geometry of the device and diffusive length for the sampler design. Four prototype diffusive lengths; A-1(4.5 mm), A-2(7.0 mm), A-3(9.5 mm), A-4(12.0 mm) were tested for adsorption performances to a chemical mixture (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane) according to the US-OSHA's evaluation protocol. A dynamic vapor exposure chamber developed and verified by related research was used for this study. The results of study are as follows. The results in terms of sampling rate and recommended sampling time test indicate that the most suitable model was A-3 (9.5 mm diffusive lengths on both sides) for passive sampler design in time weighted average (TWA) assessment. Sampling rates of this A-3 model were 45.8, 41.5, 41.4, and 40.3 ml/min for benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and n-hexane, respectively. The A-3 models were tested on reverse diffusion and conditions of low humidity air (35% RH) and low concentrations (0.2 times of TLV). These conditions had no affect on the diffusion capacity of samplers. In conclusion, the most suitable design parameters of passive sampler are: 1) Geometry and structure - 25 mm diameter and 490 $mm^2$ cross sectional area of diffusion face with cylindrical form of two-sided opposite diffusion direction; 2) Diffusive length - 9.5 mm in both faces; 3) Amount of adsorbent - 300 mg of coconut shell charcoal; 4) Wind screen - using nylon net filters (11 ${\mu}m$ pore size).

• Composites Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 블레이드 해석 라이브러리를 통해 단면해석 및 응력복원 해석 결과를 VABS와 3차원 유한요소해석모델의 결과와 비교하였다. 그리고 유한요소모델과 차원축소 모델을 가상균열 닫힘법을 이용하여 에너지 해방률을 계산하였다. 블레이드 해석 라이브러리의 구성, 입력 및 출력 형태, 차원 축소와 복원 과정을 살펴보고 이를 이용한 활용 분야를 기술하였다. 블레이드 해석 라이브러리는 박 벽 단면의 강성 행렬 비교, 3차원 유한요소 모델과 차원 축소 모델의 응력비교 그리고 에너지 해방률 계산 수치 비교연구를 통하여 검증하였다. 차원 축소와 복원해석을 통하여 블레이드 해석 라이브러리는 복합재료 블레이드의 전후처리 프로그램와 연계되어 고고도 무인기, 로터 블레이드, 풍력 블레이드 및 틸트로터 블레이드의 모델링에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2020

In the finite element modelling of long-span cable-stayed bridges, there are a lot of uncertainties brought about by the complex structural configuration, material behaviour, boundary conditions, structural connections, etc. In order to reduce the discrepancies between the theoretical finite element model and the actual static and dynamic behaviour, updating is indispensable after establishment of the finite element model to provide a reliable baseline version for further analysis. Traditional sensitivity-based updating methods cannot support updating based on static and dynamic measurement data at the same time. The finite element model is required in every optimization iteration which limits the efficiency greatly. A convenient but accurate Kriging surrogate model for updating of the finite element model of cable-stayed bridge is proposed. First, a simple cable-stayed bridge is used to verify the method and the updating results of Kriging model are compared with those using the response surface model. Results show that Kriging model has higher accuracy than the response surface model. Then the method is utilized to update the model of a long-span cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong. The natural frequencies are extracted using various methods from the ambient data collected by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System installed on the bridge. The maximum deflection records at two specific locations in the load test form the updating objective function. Finally, the fatigue lives of the structure at two cross sections are calculated with the finite element models before and after updating considering the mean stress effect. Results are compared with those calculated from the strain gauge data for verification.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.116.1-116.1
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• 2012

When an interplanetary (IP) shock passes over the Earth's magnetosphere, the geosynchronous magnetic field strength near the noon is always enhanced, while the geosynchronous magnetic field near the midnight decreases or increases. In order to understand what determines the positive or negative magnetic field response at nightside geosynchronous orbit to sudden increases in the solar wind dynamic pressure, we have examined 120 IP shock-associated sudden commencements (SC) using magnetic field data from the GOES spacecraft near the midnight (MLT = 2200~0200) and found the following magnetic field perturbation characteristics. (1) There is a strong seasonal dependence of geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations during the passage of IP shocks. That is, the SC-associated geosynchronous magnetic field near the midnight increases (a positive response) in summer and decreases (a negative response) in winter. (2) These field perturbations are dominated by the radial magnetic field component rather than the north-south magnetic field component at nightside geosynchronous orbit. (3) The magnetic elevation angles corresponding to positive and negative responses decrease and increase, respectively. These field perturbation properties can be explained by the location of the cross-tail current enhancement during SC interval with respect to geosynchronous spacecraft position.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2014

The difference of mooring tension by type of buoy was investigated in the circulating water channel and the wave tank for deducting the most stable buoy from the current and the wave condition. 5 types of buoy made up of short cylinder laid vertically (CL-V), short cylinder laid horizontally (CL-H), capsule (CS), sphere (SP) and long cylinder (CL-L) were used for experiments. A mooring line and a weight were connected with each buoy. A tensile gauge was installed between a mooring line and a weight. All buoy's mooring tension was measured at the same time for the wave test with periods of 1.5~3.0 sec and wave heights of 0.1~0.3 m, and the current test with flow speeds of 0.2~1.0 m/sec. As a result, the order of tension value in the wave test was CL-H > CL-V > SP > CS > CL-L. In the current test CL-V and CL-H were recorded in the largest tension value, whereas SP has the smallest tension value. So it seems that SP buoy is the most effective in the location affected by fast current. CS is predicted to be suitable for a location that influence of wave is important more than that of current if practical use in the field is considered. And it was found that the difference of mooring tension among buoys in wave is related to the product of the cross sectional area and the drag coefficient for the buoy's bottom side in high wave height. The factor for the current condition was not found. But it was supposed to be related to complex factors like a dimension and a shape by buoy's posture to flow.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

Recently, PV module that the most important part of the photovoltaic system is more widened to lower manufacturing costs for module. However, the broad PV module results to the serious mechanical damage corning from installation circumstances such as snow, wind etc of snow and finally lead to the dramatic degradation of the electrical behavior of PV module. In this paper, 3 kinds of PV modules that consist of the different thickness and area of front glass and the diverse cross sectional structures of the frame are prepared for this experiment. The drooped length and electrical outputs of the PV modules are measured by means of applying 600Pa mechanical load to the PV modules from 1200Pa to 5400Pa base on the mechanical load test procedure of K SC IEG 61215 standard. The simulation data are obtained by the simulation tool as ANSYS and those are validate by comparing with the those experimental results figure out relations between the deformation and the constituent part of PV module.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.435-469
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 패널 공간더빈모형을 활용하여 유럽연합 회원국 26개 국가의 전력수출입 결정요인을 밝히는 것을 주요 목적으로 하며, 특히 전원별 발전량을 중심으로 설명하고자 한다. 이때 공간더빈모형을 활용함에 있어 단순히 인접기준 혹은 거리에 의해 가중치를 부여하는 방식이 아닌 전력 계통이 연계된 국가 간의 교역 비중을 기준으로 공간가중치 행렬을 구성하고자 한다. 또한 유럽 국가들의 전력계통은 직간접적으로 연결되어 지리적으로 멀리 떨어진 국가들 사이의 상호작용이 가능하므로, 이를 가중치행렬에 반영한다. 이를 바탕으로 분석한 결과, 원자력발전은 수출에는 양의 효과, 수입에는 음의 효과를 미치며 풍력·태양광 발전량의 증가는 전력의 계통 불안정성을 높여 수출과 수입에 모두 양의 효과를 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 현재 국내의 지리적 여건상 타국과의 전력교역은 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 국내 에너지믹스 정책에 있어 시사하는 바가 있으며, 이전에 사용되지 않던 방식의 가중치행렬을 이용한 패널 공간더빈모형을 통해 전력수출입 요인을 분석했다는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권9호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 미세 단층 영상을 이용하여 삭마 복합재료의 전산 모델링 및 해석을 수행하였다. 탄소/페놀릭(carbon/phenolic) 복합재료의 삭마 실험은 0.4MW 아크 가열 풍동을 이용하여 수행하였다. 미세 단층 촬영기(Micro-CT)로 삭마 실험 전후의 복합재료 시편을 촬영하여 이진화된 단층 영상을 생성하였다. 생성된 이진화 영상을 활용하여, 삭마 복합재료의 실제 미시 구조가 반영된 전산 모형을 개발하였다. 영상 기반 전산 모형은 시편 횡방향의 특정 영역의 영상을 적층하여 개발하였다. 전산 모형은 실험 전 시편 영상에서 1종, 실험 후 시편 영상에서 8종, 총 9종의 전산 모형을 개발하였다. 영상 기반 전산 모형을 통해 삭마에 의한 유효 물성을 예측하였으며, 기공도 증가에 따른 유효 물성 저하를 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating craniofacial pain syndrome that is characterized by paroxysms of intense, short-lived electric shock-like pains in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Recently, the presence of triggers has become one of the key diagnostic criteria in the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Light touch is the most common trigger, however other non-mechanical triggers, such as cold weather and certain foods, have been thought to provoke trigeminal neuralgia anecdotally. We aimed to characterize the prevalence and characteristics of these atypical triggers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of atypical triggers in trigeminal neuralgia patients seen in a tertiary pain clinic in Singapore. Patients were recruited via clinic records, and study data were identified from physician documentation. Results: A total of 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. Weather triggers were observed in 12 patients (20%), of which five patients (8%) reported strong winds, 4 patients (7%) reported cold temperatures, and 3 patients (5%) reported cold winds as triggers. Fifteen patients (25%) had a specific food trigger, of which 10 patients (17%) reported hard or tough food, 5 patients (8%) reported hot/cold food, 4 patients (7%) reported spicy food, and 2 patients (3%) reported sweet food as triggers. Conclusions: Although trigeminal neuralgia is most commonly triggered by mechanical stimuli, atypical triggers such as cold temperatures and certain foods are seen in a significant proportion of patients. These atypical triggers may share a common pathway of sensory afferent Aδ fiber activation.