• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제31권6_2호
• /
• pp.585-592
• /
• 2013

CBIR is an effective tool to search and extract image contents in a large remote sensing image database queried by an operator or end user. However, as imaging principles are different by sensors, their visual representation thus varies among image modality type. Considering images of various modalities archived in the database, image modality difference has to be tackled for the successful CBIR implementation. However, this topic has been seldom dealt with and thus still poses a practical challenge. This study suggests a cross modality CBIR (termed as the CM-CBIR) method that transforms given query feature vector by a supervised procedure in order to link between modalities. This procedure leverages the skill of analyst in training steps after which the transformed query vector is created for the use of searching in target images with different modalities. Current initial results show the potential of the proposed CM-CBIR method by delivering the image content of interest from different modality images. Despite its retrieval capability is outperformed by that of same modality CBIR (abbreviated as the SM-CBIR), the lack of retrieval performance can be compensated by employing the user's relevancy feedback, a conventional technique for retrieval enhancement.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국디자인학회 2001년도 Bulletin of The 5th Asian Design Conference International Symposium on Design Science
• /
• pp.6.2-6
• /
• 2001

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제25권
• /
• pp.649-678
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this work is to explain categorial correlations between indirect evidentiality and epistemic modality on the basis of semantic, pragmatic usages of Russian so-called non-specialized lexical markers of evidentiality, such as kazhetsja, naverno, vidimo, poxozhe, dolzhno byt' etc. To do this, firstly I concentrated on the parameter of internal functional variation of a given parenthetic word. Secondly, I approached this topic from a typological perspective. Thirdly, I accepted Sweeter(1990)'s methodological assumption that etymological prototype of a given word plays a great role in grammatical, semantic, pragmatic changes. As a result, I could postulate general tendencies of grammaticalizations (or semantic, pragmatic, funtional changes) in the direction from epistemic modality to indirect evidentialty, which consists of inferentives, presumptives, and quotatives. For example, such a parenthetic word as kazhetsja can functions not only as a marker of epistemic modality of uncertainty, but also as inferentives. Besides, it is very interesting that this word lately has started to function as quotatives, too. This kind of functional variations are very characteristic in these spheres.

• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국인지과학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2010

INTRODUCTION Interaction between temporal events at the millisecond level is important for visual and tactile interaction. OBJECT The aim of the present study is to identify any neural signature, as reflected in event-related potentials (ERP), for the integrative processes when the two sensory modalities are stimulated in synchrony as opposed to when they are stimulated separately. METHOD The basic strategy was to compare ERP signals obtained with simultaneous visual and tactile stimulation with a linear summation of ERP patterns obtained with each modality stimulated separately. Condition were presented, paired with various stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOA) ranging from - 300 ms (tactile-first) to 300 ms (visual-first), and in trials where only one modality was stimulated alone. RESULT A positive deviation was located in observed ERP at C4 electrode (contralateral to the stimulated hand) at 200-400 ms, in comparison to the predicted ERP. The deviation was present at all SOAs other than -300ms (tactile-first) and 300 ms (visual-first). There was also a positive deviation at occipital leads at the 50-ms SOA (visual-first) trials. DISCUSSION It suggested that neural signatures of cross-modal integration occur within a limited time-window. The deviations were specifically localized at the contralateral somatosensory and visual cortices, indicating that the integration happens at or before the level of the primary cortices.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.271-293
• /
• 2010

Japanese Give and Receive Verbs are divided into "YARU", "MORAU" and "KURERU". These are influenced by the subject, speaker's viewpoint and meaning. Three verbs are used in a different way depending on who is the giver and who is the taker. I analyze "YARU" and "KURERU" Verbs used in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. It focus on politeness, gender, and meaning when combined with 'TE'. As an expression of politeness, 'Yaru' is to give to a person of lower social status or an animal or plant. 'Ageru' is to give to an equal ora person of lower social status nowadays. However, 'Ageru' which is treated as elegance of the language remained expression of respect, 'Yaru' is used when the receiver is a person of lower social status and equal social status in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. 'Kureru' is used when the receiver is a person of lower social status and equal social status, 'kudasaru' is used when a person of higher social status gives the speaker something in TOUSEISYOUSEIKATAGI. Women speakers use 'oyarinasai' 'oyariyo' 'ageru' 'okureru' and men speakers use 'yaru' 'kureru'. Speech patterns peculiar to men are 'kuretamae' 'kurenka'. If the verbs are joined to "TE", they obtain abstract meaning as well as a movement of things. They express some modality for action of the preceeding verbs. The modality has the following meanings ; good will, goodness, benefits, kindness, hopeness, expectation, disadvantage, injury, ill will and sarcasm. In addition, 'TE YARU' expresses the speaker's strong will, 'TE KURERU' expresses the speaker's request.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 정서를 두 양상(청각, 시각)으로 제시할 시, 두 양상의 정서가 일치 혹은 불일치 할 경우 각성과 재인 기억, 회상 기억에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 첫 번째 가설은 교차 양상에서의 정서 불일치는 일치 할 때 보다 각성 뿐만 아니라 재인, 회상 기억 모두 높을 것이라는 것이다. 두 번째 가설은 각성이 회상 기억과 재인 기억을 modulate한다는 것이다. 가설을 증명하기 위해 시각과 청각의 정서를 긍정 정서와 부정 정서로 조작하여 일치 조건과 불일치 조건으로 조작하였다. 각 조건에서는 재인 기억과제와 회상 기억 과제의 정확도를 종속 변인으로 측정하였으며, PAD(Pleasure-arousal-dominance) 척도를 이용하여 참가자의 각성 수준을 측정하였다. 또한 8일이 지난 후, 참가자 모두에게 실험 자극으로 쓰인 영상에 대해 재인 기억 과제를 통해 다시 검사하였다. 연구 결과, 각성의 경우 영상을 본 후의 각성 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났지만(p<.001), 일치와 불일치 조건 간의 각성 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 정서가 일치하는 조건과 불일치하는 조건에서 재인 기억이 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았지만, 영상 정서의 주 효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 이로 인해 두 가지 정서로 나누어 분석한 결과, 부정 정서 영상에 노출된 조건에서만 일치 조건과 불일치 조건에서의 재인 기억이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p= .044). 사후 분석 결과, 불일치 조건에서 일치 조건 보다 높은 점수를 보였다. 회상 기억의 경우, 영상 정서조건과 일치, 불일치 조건 간의 상호작용이 나타났다(p=.039). 따라서 본 연구에서는 부정 정서에서의 불일치 효과는 증명하였지만, 각성으로 인한 효과는 증명하지 못하였다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.103-129
• /
• 2010

In this paper, I show that anaphora across speakers shows both dynamic and static sides. To capture them all formally, I will adopt semantics based on the assumption that variables range over individual concepts that connect epistemic alternatives. As information increases, a variable can take a different range of possible individual concepts. This is captured by the notion of virtual individual (= vi), a set of individual concepts which are indistinguishable in an information state. The use of a pronoun involves two information states, one for the antecedent, which is always part of the common ground, and the other for the pronoun. Information increase changes vis for variables in the common ground. A pronoun can be used felicitously if there is a unique virtual individual in the information state for the antecedent which does not split in two or more distinctive virtual individuals in the information state for the pronoun. The felicity condition for cross-speaker anaphora can be satisfied in declaratives involving modality, interrogatives and imperatives in a rather less demanding way, because in these cases the utterance does not necessarily require non-trivial personal information for proper use of a pronoun.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1995

A Psychophysical scaling method called magnitude estimation is frequently used to evaluate human sensation to physical stimuli. This paper described the procedure of magnitude estimation data analysis which consists of four modulus; reponse space, CMM(Cross-Modality Matdhing)/merge, standardization, scale building & data analysis method. This procedure is being developed as an expert system in which the four analysis modulus are programmed so that a novice user can perform the analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Foreign bodies (FBs) account for 3.8% of all pathologies of the head and neck region, and approximately one third of them are missed on initial examination. Thus, FBs represent diagnostic challenges to maxillofacial surgeons, rendering it necessary to employ an appropriate imaging modality in suspected cases. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, five different materials, including wood, metal, glass, tooth and stone, were prepared in three sizes (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) and placed in three locations (soft tissue, air-filled space and bone surface) within a sheep's head (one day after death) and scanned by panoramic radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and ultrasonography (US) devices. The images were reviewed, and accuracy of the detection modalities was recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test, Friedman, Wilcoxon signed-rank and kappa tests (P<0.05). Results: CBCT was more accurate in detection of FBs than panoramic radiography and US (P<0.001). Metal was the most visible FB in all of modalities. US was the most accurate technique for detecting wooden materials, and CBCT was the best modality for detecting all other materials, regardless of size or location (P<0.05). The detection accuracy of US was greater in soft tissue, while both CBCT and panoramic radiography had minimal accuracy in detection of FBs in soft tissue. Conclusion: CBCT was the most accurate detection modality for all the sizes, locations and compositions of FBs, except for the wooden materials. Therefore, we recommend CBCT as the gold standard of imaging for detecting FBs in the maxillofacial region.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.191-206
• /
• 2012

This study examines the use of the modals and quasi-modals of obligation and necessity, which involves the layering of must, should, have (got) to, got to, and need to in a corpus of cross-cultural communication between EFL learners. The study compares the EFL learners' corpus with a sub-corpus of ICE-GB in terms of token counts and semantic/functional distributions because International Corpus of Standard varieties of English serves as common reference points for international comparison of varieties of English. The results showed that must, should, and have to were the main players in both the corpus of EFL learners and that of native speakers. However, some discrepancy exists between EFL learners' corpus and the native speakers' corpus in the use of the modals and quasi-modals of obligation and necessity. Compared to the corpus of native speakers, the corpus of EFL learners was distinctively different in the relative unpopularity of have to and in the comparative popularity of must particularly for root meaning. Suggestions were made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language use. And pedagogical implications were made for teaching English modality considering the current usage of the modals and quasi-modals in Standard varieties of English and helping the students develop pragmatic competence.