• 폴리머
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2000

DVB (divinylbenzene)를 가교제로 하여 마이크로미터 크기의 단분산상 폴리스티렌 입자를 분산 중합법으로 제조하면서, 반응 온도와 단량체, 개시제, 용매 및 공용매의 농도, 안정제 poly(N-divinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) 함량과 분자량, 그리고 DVB의 함량이 전환율과 생성 입자의 크기 및 분포도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 분산매로는 에탄올을, 개시제로 AIBN, 공통 분산매로톨루엔, 그리고 안정제로는 분자량 40000의 PVP를 사용하였다. 반응온도가 높아지고 개시제의 농도가 1%에서 4%로 증가할수록 반응속도와 전환율은 상승하고 모든 반응조건에서 10시간의 반응 결과 전환율과 입자의 크기는 거의 완결 단계에 이르렀으며, 오히려 24시간 동안 반응된 입자의 안정성은 10시간의 것보다 뒤떨어졌다. 또한 반응온도의 상승이 개시제의 농도변화보다 반응속도와 전환율에 더 민감한 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었다. 각각 반응물의 조성을 변화시키면서 입자크기 및 분산도의 변화를 조사한 결과, 표면 특성이 안정하며 단분산상의 분포도를 갖는 구형의 고분자 입자를 중합할 수 있는 최적의 조건은 0.5% DVB, 25% 스티렌 단량체, 20-25% 톨루엔, PVP 농도는 10~15%, AIBN의 농도는 2와 4%이었으며, 이 조건에서 10시간의 반응으로 합성된 비드의 평균 입자경은 각각 3.9~4 $\mu\textrm{m}$와 3.4~9.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$이었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.764-769
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• 2013

전분에 폴리(메틸 메타크릴레이트)(PMMA)를 그래프트시켜 starch-g-PMMA로 전분을 개질시켰다. 아크릴로니트릴 부타디엔 고무(NBR) 라텍스와 PMMA 그래프트 전분을 라텍스 블렌드 방법으로 혼합하여 개질된 전분/카본블랙/NBR 복합체를 제조하였다. 전분의 조성에 따라 모폴로지, 열적특성, 기계적 물성을 조사하였다. 전분/카본블랙/NBR 복합체는 전분의 함량이 증가함에 따라 물성이 향상되지만 40 phr 이상으로 전분이 들어가면 전분의 응집현상이 발생하여 분산성이 떨어지고 물성이 저하되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 25 phr의 전분과 25 phr의 카본블랙이 들어간 경우 우수한 분산성과 높은 가교 밀도에 기인하여 고무에 대한 보강성이 증가하였다. 또한 인장강도, 저장 탄성률, 경도, 팽윤도 등의 물성에서 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve the skin care property of the polyester fabric by finishing with sericin. It was known that skin care function, anti-oxidation, anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-elastase activity can be achieved from sericin finish. But, the moisture regain of the finished fabric was measured simply, because the major cause of the discomfort from polyester fabric has been anounced to be wetness. The effects of various treatment conditions on the properties of the finished fabric were measured, and obtained results were as follows: 1. The moisture regain at 40$^{\circ}C$ 90% RH were increased with the sericin uptake increasing. while it was not significant for the effects on the moisture regain depending on the treatment conditions like the degree of polymerization and treatment concentration of the binder. The moisture release of the fabric having sericin uptake 1%, 2% was faster than non treated fabric. The change of the moisture regain of the finished fabric from 40$^{\circ}C$ 90% RH to room temperature was 4∼5 times higher than that of knitted cotton fabric. 2. The frictional static charge was decreased with the degree of polymerization of the binder increasing. While the sericin uptake and treatment concentration of the binder were not significant. 3. The whiteness value of the fabric was slightly decreased by finishing with sericin and binder. In that cases, W values of the finished fabrics were above 90 while that depending on the degree of polymerization of the binder was not significant. 4. The major cause of the yellowness of the finished fabric was proved to be catalyst. The yellowness of the finished fabric with sulfur containing catalyst was lower than that with amine group containing catalyst. 5. The effects of the treatment concentrations of the cross-linking agent, catalyst and drying time on the wash durability were not significant.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 서로 상반되는 생리 활성을 나타내는 거울상 이성질체를 분리하기 위해 UV 중합법에 의해 이성질체를 인식할 수 있는 분자 인식형 고분자(molecularly imprinted polymers; MIPs) 분리막 제조와 그 분리막을 이용한 이성질체의 분리 선택성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate; PC) 막은 기공(pore) 내벽에 작은 spot의 형태로 중합되었고 양성(anodisc; AD) 막은 기공 내벽이 아닌 표면(surface) 부분에 500~700 nm 정도의 필름(film) 형태로 중합되었다. 한편, 제조된 MIPs 분리막들의 L-트립토판(tryptophane; Trp) 이성질체 용액을 이용한 분리 선택도 비교 결과, 기능성 단량체인 메타아크릴산(methacrylic acid; MAA)에 대하여 가교제인 에틸렌 글리콜 디메타아킬레이트(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; EGDMA) 90% 이상, 분자제인 메탄올(methanol; MeOH)이 30% 이하 첨가되어 필름 형태로 중합된 AD MIPs 분리막이 3.5의 우수한 선택도를 가졌다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2006

To determine the functions of specific cell wall polysaccharides, polysaccharides of three mutants, mur3-1, mur3-2, and mur3-3, obtained from Arabidopsis wild type, underwent structural characterization. Upon sequential separation of pectins (RG-I and RG-II) and cross-linking glycans (xyloglucan, XG), only XG was affected by the mud mutation. Wild-type XG contained a considerable amount of fucose, whereas the fucose level in mur3 XGs was less than 20% that of wild type. Further analysis of XGs by matrix-assisted laser-induced/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that mud lines considerably or completely lost the fucosylated XG oligosaccharides such as XXFG and XLFG and the double-galactosylated oligosaccharide XLLG $^1H$-NMR spectroscopic analyses of the XG oligosaccharides from mur3-3 plant revealed the absence of fucose and a galactose level in the galactosylated side chain that was reduced by 40% compared to that of Arabidopsis wild-type plant. In contrast, 85% less fucose and a slight loss of galactose were observed in the mur3-1 and mur3-2 lines which show normal growth habit. Of the three Arabidopsis mur3 lines studied here, mur3-3 is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion in the exon of MUR3 which encodes XG-specific galactosyltransferase, and exhibits slight dwarfism. These results indicated that the T-DNA insertion at the MUR3 locus did not induce the complete loss of galactose in XG, and that galactose, rather than fucose, in the XG side chains made a major contribution to overall wall strength.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.2403-2412
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• 2018

The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of variable sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$) loading during wet air oxidation (WAO) pretreatment of rice straw in reducing biomass recalcitrance. The research study was intended to increase the cellulose recovery, hemicellulose solubilization, lignin removal in the solid fraction and limiting the generation of inhibitors in the liquid fraction while reducing the chemical input. The operating condition of $169^{\circ}C$, 4 bar, 18 min and 6.5 g/L $Na_2CO_3$ loading resulted in maximum cellulose recovery of 82.07% and hemicellulose solubilization and lignin removal of 85.43% and 65.42%, respectively, with a total phenolic content of 0.36 g/L in the liquid fraction. The crystallinity index increased from 47.69 to 51.25 along with enzymatic digestibility with an increase in $Na_2CO_3$ loading from 0 to 6.5 g/L as a result of removal of barriers for saccharification via effective cleavage of ether and ester bonds cross-linking the carbohydrates and lignin as indicated by FT-IR spectroscopy. A further increase in the $Na_2CO_3$ loading to 9.5 g/L did not significantly increase the sugar release. Thus, it was concluded that 6.5 g/L $Na_2CO_3$ during WAO is sufficient to increase the delignification and deacetylation, leading to significant changes in apparent cellulose crystallinity inter alia improvement in cellulose accessibility and digestibility of rice straw.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 리오셀 섬유를 사용하여 탄소직물을 제조함에 있어, 인계 난연제인 Phosphoric Acid(PA)와 가교제인 Melamine resin (MR)을 사용하여 섬유의 전처리를 수행하고 TGA, FT-IR, XRD, 중량 분석을 통하여 물리적, 화학적 구조 변화에 대하여 고찰하였다. 전처리를 통하여 내염화 및 흑연화된 직물의 경우 미처리 직물과 비교하여 중량 수율이 14.7%, 직물 폭과 길이의 수율이 각각 15%, 15.5% 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 셀룰로오스의 탈수반응을 촉진과 함께 섬유 표면에 char를 형성하고, 셀룰로오스 분자 내의 가교반응을 유도하여 내염화 시 안정한 구조 형성에 의한 효과로 설명할 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful candidates for tissue engineering and cell therapy. Physiological cell environment not only connects cells to each other, but also connects cells to the extracellular matrix that provide mechanical support, thus exposing the entire cell surface and activating signaling pathways. Hydrogel is a polymeric material that swells in water and maintains a distinct 3-dimensional (3D) network structure by cross linking. In this study, we investigated the optimized cellular function for canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs) using hydrogel. We observed that the expression levels of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which are involved in cell proliferation and stemness, were increased in transwell-hydrogel (3D-TN) compared to the transwell-normal (TN). Also, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ and SOX9, which are typical bone morphogenesis-inducing factors, were increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collagen type II alpha 1, which is a chondrocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Osteocalcin, which is a osteocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collectively, preconditioning cAD-MSCs via 3D culture systems can enhance inherent secretory properties that may improve the potency and efficacy of MSCs-based therapies for bone regeneration process.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2011

반도체산업은 고집적화된 회로를 요구하면서 미세 패턴을 형성하기 위해 계속해서 발전해가고 있다. 이에 반도체 산업에서 미세 패턴을 형성하기 위하여 하드마스크를 도입하여 사용되고 있다. 일반적으로 하드마스크는 화학증기증착법(CVD) 공정을 이용하여 다층구조로 제작된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 스핀공정이 가능하고 단층의 하드마스크용 조성물을 제조하기 위하여 유-무기 하이브리드 중합체를 이용하여 그 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. Silanol로 처리된 siloxane 화합물과 acetonide 그룹을 가지는 propionic acid를 에스터화 반응을 통하여 얻은 유-무기 하이브리드 중합체에 가교제 및 첨가제들의 첨가로 광학적, 열적, 그리고 표면 특성이 조절된 하드마스크 막을 제조하였다. 또한 하드마스크 막과 감광층의 식각비를 비교하여 유-무기 소재의 하이브리드 중합체에 대해 미세패턴을 형성시킬 수 있는 하드마스크 막으로써의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-142
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• 2019

The study wanted to verify the effect of emotional sub-compression, a negative variable of emotional labor, on job performance, on security personnel working at private security companies, and further to verify how the impact on emotional sub-compression can affect job performance through the first draft of regulation. Empirical analysis through the study model showed that emotional edema was not a significant effect, but a negative effect on job performance, and that it did not affect the control focus itself. This revealed that emotional harmony has been shown to have a negative impact on performance due to the present state and conflicting situations in one's emotions, which means that emotional harmony does not affect negative or positive effects depending on a person's attributes. It also showed that the temperamental control focus on job performance had a positive impact on employees with an improvement focus and had a negative impact on employees with a preventive focus, and that a temperamental control focus between emotional dissonance and job performance had an effect. This indicated that job performance was affected by a temperamental control focus and that employees with an improvement focus had a positive effect and had a positive effect on performance. The implications of the study in this study are that it can have target differentiation in the areas where the study was conducted on guard workers, a social issue related to the study of emotional labor, and it can be meaningful that the study of emotional labor had a control focus and measured both positive and negative tendencies. It is also believed that there will be contributions to the verification of differences in performance resulting from employee propensity and by linking it with a variable called emotional instability. However, the data collected have the limitations of the subject and region, and the emphasis on cross-sectional analysis and the representative of the various emotions to verify the negative effects of emotional labor, and the problem of securing reliability related to the adjustment focus verification are the limitations of the research.