• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.772-784
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• 2012

Marker-assisted gene pyramiding aims to produce individuals with superior economic traits according to the optimal breeding scheme which involves selecting a series of favorite target alleles after cross of base populations and pyramiding them into a single genotype. Inspired by the science of evolutionary computation, we used the metaphor of hill-climbing to model the dynamic behavior of gene pyramiding. In consideration of the traditional cross program of animals along with the features of animal segregating populations, four types of cross programs and two types of selection strategies for gene pyramiding are performed from a practical perspective. Two population cross for pyramiding two genes (denoted II), three population cascading cross for pyramiding three genes(denoted III), four population symmetry (denoted IIII-S) and cascading cross for pyramiding four genes (denoted IIII-C), and various schemes (denoted cross program-A-E) are designed for each cross program given different levels of initial favorite allele frequencies, base population sizes and trait heritabilities. The process of gene pyramiding breeding for various schemes are simulated and compared based on the population hamming distance, average superior genotype frequencies and average phenotypic values. By simulation, the results show that the larger base population size and the higher the initial favorite allele frequency the higher the efficiency of gene pyramiding. Parents cross order is shown to be the most important factor in a cascading cross, but has no significant influence on the symmetric cross. The results also show that genotypic selection strategy is superior to phenotypic selection in accelerating gene pyramiding. Moreover, the method and corresponding software was used to compare different cross schemes and selection strategies.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 1989

정박이응애(Tetranychus urticae koch)의 감수성계통에 대하여 유기찬계 살충제인 carbophenothion, ethion과 유기소계인 dicofol, 유기주석계인 cyhexatin 및 합성 pyrethroid계인 biphenthrin등으로 단제루대도태를 실시하여 각 살충제의 저항성발달 차이와 약제상호간의 교우저항성의 유무 및 정도를 시험.조사하였다. carbophenothion과 ethion은 22세대와 24세대 도태에 서 각각 156배와 64.1배의 높은 저항성을 나타내었다. dicofol은 28세대 도태에서 39.7배로 biphenthrin은 24세대도태에서 13배로 화학적계통이나 동일계통내에서도 약종에 따라 저항성유발 정도에 차이가 있었다. Carbophenothion 도태계통은 도태에 관치하지 않은 ethion에 대하여 높은 수준의 교우저항성을 나타내었으나 dicofol과 biphenthrin에는 낮은 수준의 교우저항성을 나타내었고, ethion 도태계통은 carbophenothion에 대해서 고도의 교우저항성을 나타내었다. Dicofol이과 biphenthrin 도태계통들은 모두 carbophenothion과 ethion에 대해서 중도의 교우저항성을 보였으며, cyhexatin 도태계통은 ethion과 carbophenothion에 대하여 고도의 교우저항성을 나타내 었다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008

In the previous study, 141 $BC_3F_2$ lines from a cross between the Oryza sativa cv. Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima were used to identify favorable wild QTL alleles for yield component traits. In this study, we carried out QTL analysis of four grain morphology as well as four yield component traits using 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines from the same cross and compared QTLs detected in two different generations. The mean number of O. glaberrima segments in the 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines ranged from 1 to 13 with 2.69 and 5.71 of the average means of homozygous and heterozygous segments, respectively. There was a three-fold difference in the number of QTLs detected for four traits commonly evaluated in two generations (seven QTLs in the $BC_3F_5$ vs 21 in the $BC_3F_2$ population). The percentages of the phenotypic variance explained by QTLs in the BC3F5 population were similar to or less than those in the $BC_3F_2$ population. This is probably due to the difference in the genetic composition of two populations and the environmental effects. The locations of the QTLs commonly detected in both generations were in good agreement except for one QTL for spikelets per panicle. The yield QTL, yd3 was colocalized with the spikelets per panicle, spp3. Yield increase at this locus is due to the increase in spikelets per panicle, because both traits were associated with increase in spikelets per panicle and yield due to the presence of an O. glaberrima allele. Clusters of QTLs for grain morphology traits were observed in two chromosome regions. One cluster harboring five QTLs near SSR markers RM106 and RM263 was detected on chromosome 2. This population would serve as a foundation for development of the introgression line population from a cross between Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

A study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among Simmental Cross cattle in West Sumatra using microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 176 individual cattle blood samples was used for obtaining DNA samples. Twelve primers of microsatellite loci as recommended by FAO were used to identify the genetic diversity of the Simmental Cross cattle population. Multiplex DNA fragment analysis method was used for allele identification. All the microsatellite loci in this study were highly polymorphic and all of the identified alleles were able to classify the cattle population into several groups based on their genetic distance. The heterozygosity values of microsatellite loci in this study ranged from 0.556 to 0.782. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value of the 12 observed loci is high (PIC>0.5). The highest PIC value in the Simmental cattle population was 0.893 (locus TGLA53), while the lowest value was 0.529 (locus BM1818). Based on the genetic distance value, the subpopulation of the Simmental Cross-Agam and the Simmental Cross-Limapuluh Kota was exceptionally close to the Simmental Purebred thus indicating that a grading-up process has taken place with the Simmental Purebred. In view of the advantages possessed by the Simmental Cross cattle and the evaluation of the genetic diversity results, a number of subpopulations in this study can be considered as the initial (base) population for the Simmental Cross cattle breeding programs in West Sumatra, Indonesia.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1995

Genetic characterization of Sri Lankan silkworm bivoltine population has not been at-tempted so far, since its sporadic introduction of bivoltine strains into the island, starting from the 1950's. Genetic structure of Sri Lankan population of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori was investigated through estimation of general (GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) and heritability(${h^2}_B$), on the economic quantitative characters from leading 8 inbreds and their 28 F1's in a half diallel cross, in an attempt to utilize the estimates in determination of future breeding methods and to predict the breeding value over the phenotypic value. It was found that the breeding population of the bivoltine silkworm in Sri Lanka has still maintained considerable amounts of additive gene action as well as nonadditive. For some time in the future, both breeding strategies of "selection without inbreeding" and also "inbreeding followed by crossing" should therefore be effective in genetic improvement of economic characters investigated. In addition, superior combiners in general and in specific F1′s were identified for each of 6 economic characters, to be immediately utilized in selection and also in cross breeding programs in Sri Lanka.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2008

The current research utilized as its target population who are current users of web based information system in Korea. The research validated the dimensions by studying he constructs within the context of the web based information system user population. Correlation was found between Flow dimensions retained as components of a ross-Cultural Model. It was determined that these two dimensions-Intrinsic Interest and Control-are significant predictors of user success. The Cross-Cultural Model was validated, and it is therefore suggested as a basis for further study of user success indicators in he cross-cultural enterprise environment.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1984

우리나라 남부(南部) 해안선(海岸線)을 따라 천연분포(天然分布)되어 있는 해송(Pinus thunbergii)에 대(對)하여 침엽형질상(針葉形質上)으로 본 지역간(地域間), 지역내(地域內)의 집단간(集團間), 집단내(集團內)의 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變異)를 분석(分析)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 거치밀도(鋸齒密度), 침엽체적(針葉體積)의 형질(形質)은 다른 형질(形質)보다 변이개체(變異係體)가 비교적(比較的) 높게 나타났고 각(各) 집단내(集團內)의 개체간(個體間)에 있어서 영광(靈光)의 침엽횡단면형상비(針葉橫斷面形狀比)를 제외(除外)하고는 집단(集團) 모두 개체간(個體間)에 1% 수준(水準)의 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수 있었다. 지역내(地域內)의 집단간(集團間)에 있어서는 동안형지역(東岸型地域)의 경우, 거치밀도(鋸齒密度), 침엽횡단면적(針葉橫斷面積)은 5% 수준(水準), 침엽체적(針葉體積)은 1% 수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수 있었다. 서안형지역(西岸型地域)의 집단간(集團間)에 있어서 침엽횡단면형상비(針葉橫斷面形狀比), 침엽종단면형상비(針葉縱斷面形狀比)는 1% 수준(水準)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었고 남해안형지역(南海岸型地域)에서는 침엽체적(針葉體積)에서만 5% 수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 있었다. 지역간(地域問)에 있어서 침엽횡단면형상비(針葉橫斷面形狀比), 침엽횡단면적(針葉橫斷面積)은 5% 수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수 있었으며 이들 형질(形質)은 동안형지역(東岸型地域)이 다른 지역(地域)과 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 우리나라 남부(南部) 해안(悔岸)에 분포(分布)되고 있는 해송은 침엽일부(針葉一部)의 형질(形質)에서 지역적(地域的)으로 분화(分化)가 이루워지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2003

To evaluate the sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola to dicarboximides used in controlling brown rot of peach, the fungus was isolated from commercial peach orchards in Chochiwon (CH), Chongdo (CD), Gyeongsan (GY), and Youngduk (YO) in Korea. The population shift of dicarboximide-resistant isolates of M. fructicola was investigated for 3 years starting 1998. The frequency of procymidone-resistant isolates (PRI) was higher in CD and GY than in CH and YO. The frequency of PRI was higher in the mid season (July-August) than in the rest of the year. Cross-resistance rate of PRI to iprodione was over 87.8% during the investigation, and double-resistance to both procymidone and carbendazim was less than 10%. However, the rate of cross-resistant isolates to vinclozolin was low. In the orchards in GY and CH without any fungicide spray, the PRI population was persistent and did not vary for 3 years. The results suggest that dicarboximide resistance of M. fructicola could be a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight on peach trees because it may take a long time to recover the population with sensitive isolates even in the absence of these fungicides.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Asian food and the Asian restaurant market have grown rapidly in the international market. It has become one of the major trends in the restaurant industry in the world. However, there has been little attempt to develop a scale for measuring customer's motivation to experience Asian restaurants, and cross-cultural approaches are very rare. From this point of view, this study examined an instrument to measure motivation to visit Asian restaurants developed by Jang and Kim (2015), which was originally developed based on UK customers, by applying the population from another cultural background, Thailand. A total of 308 valid responses were obtained in Thailand. CFA was performed with a Thai sample to test internal and external consistency of the scale with another population, and a comparison was made between UK and Thai customers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated. Conclusions: The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance.