• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2003

농업용 살균제와 살충제로서의 활용성 진단과 예측평가 자료로 사용하기 위하여 상용화 된 살균제 133품목과 살충제 152품목의 활성 성분들에 대하여 소수성(LogP), 쌍극자능율(DM), HOMO 및 LUMO 에너지, molar refractivity(MR), polarizability(Pol), van der Waals 분자 표면적 및 부피(Vol), 분자량 및 수화 에너지(hydralion energy) 등, 10 가지의 다양한 물리-화학 파라미터들을 계산하였다. 그리고 살균제와 sterol 생합성 저해제 (DMI: demethylation inhibitor) 및 살충제와 acetylcholine esterase 저해제(AChE)이 가지는 특정한 물리-화학 파라미터들의 범위 값을 설정하였다. 그 결과에 기초하여 다양한 화합물들이 작물 보호제로서 살균제와 살충제로의 활용 가능성이 예측될 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.296-313
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• 1982

At a time when world population and food supply are in a delicate balance, it is essential that we look at factors to improve this balance. We can alter the environment to better fit the plant's needs, or we can alter the plant to better fit the environment. Improved technology has allowed us to increase the yield level. For moderately detrimental weather events technology has generally decreased the yield variation, yet for major weather disasters the variation has increased. We have raised the upper level, but zero is still the bottom level. As we concentrate the production of particular crops into limited areas where the environment is closest to optimum, we may be increasing the risk of a major weather related disaster. We need to evaluate the degree of variability of different crops, and how weather and technology can interact to affect it. The natural limits of crop production are imposed by important ecological factors. Production is a function of the climate, the soil, and the crop and all activities related to them. In looking at the environment of a crop we must recognize these are individuals, populations and ecosystems. Under intensive agriculture we try to limit the competition to one desired species. The environment is made up of a complex of factors; radiation, moisture, temperature and wind, among others. Plant response to the environment is due to the interaction of all of these factors, yet in attempting to understand them we often examine each factor individually. Variation in crop yields is primarily a function of limiting environmental parameters. Various weather parameters will be discussed, with emphasis placed on how they impact on crop production. Although solar radiation is a driving force in crop production, it often shows little relationship to yield variation. Water may enter into crop production as both a limiting and excessive factor. The effects of moisture deficiency have received much more attention than moisture excess. In many areas of the world, a very significant portion of yield variation is due to variation in the moisture factor. Temperature imposes limits on where crops can be grown, and the type of crop that can be grown in an area. High temperature effects are often combined with deficient moisture effects. Cool temperatures determine the limits in which crops can be grown. Growing degree units, or heat accumulations, have often been used as a means of explaining many temperature effects. Methods for explaining chilling effects are more limited.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2019

최근 식용 위주에서 가공으로 용도가 다양화 되고 있어 괴근 수량 및 기능성 물질 등 괴근 품질 특성차이를 조사하여 용도별 고구마 품종 개발 및 가공 연구 등에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 얻고자 국내외에서 수집된 고구마 181유전자원을 공시하여 실험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 만장은 최대 354.8 cm, 최소 32 cm, 평균길이는 112.3 cm였다. 분지수는 평균 3.1개였으나 IT232091가 특이적으로 23.0개로 가장 많았다. 마디수는 17.4에서 67.8개로 다양한 분포를 나타내었으며 평균 40.7개였다. 괴근수는 주당 30~50개 범위가 75자원로 가장 많았으며, 괴근 무게는 주당 0.5~1.0 kg 범위가 76자원으로 가장 많았다. 2. 전분의 호화개시온도는 IT232197가 가장 높았으며, IT232134가 가장 낮았다. 최고점도는 IT232050가 가장 높게 나타났으며, IT232176가 가장 낮았다. 강하점도는 IT232010가 가장 높게 나타났으며, IT232101이 가장 낮았다. 최저점도는 IT232019가 가장 낮게 나타났다. IT232101는 가장 높은 최종점도(284.6 RVU)를 나타냈다. 치반점도는 최대 81.7 RVU (IT232192)에서 최소 40.8 RVU(IT232101)의 범위로 나타났다. 전분의 안정성은 IT232101가 0.65로 가장 높았으며 IT232019가 0.20으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3. 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 높은 고구마를 각각 20자원씩 선발하였으며 그 중 IT232197을 포함하여 15자원이 중복된 자원임을 알게 되었다. 상관관계 분석 결과 폴리페놀함량이 높을수록 DPPH 라디칼소거능이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 4. 당도 범위는 최대 33.3 °Bx에서 최소 13.5 °Bx로 나타났으며, 평균 23.2°Bx의 당도를 나타냈다. 전분 함량은 최대 20.7%에서 최소 5.2%로 나타났으며, 평균 11%의 전분 함량을 나타냈다. 수분함량은 70~80%범위가 52.5%, 60~70%의 수분함량이 44.2%의 빈도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

The relationship between three phenological parameters and somatic embryogenesis was investigated during a two-year period. Staminodes and petals from six hybrids and two clones as controls were sowed on three distinct primary callus growth media. Flowering level, fructification level, and leaf thrusts rhythm as phenological parameters were measured simultaneously during the weekly harvest of flower buds. Mean and coefficient of variation of the measured parameters highlighted stable phenological phases. The relationship between phenological parameters and somatic embryogenesis was investigated first by comparing the variation of somatic embryogenesis and that of the phenological parameters, and second by using Pearson's linear correlation. Except for the fructification level in both control clones the first year, the other parameters recorded stable phenological phases, regardless of the genotype and year. Favorable and unfavorable phases for the somatic embryogenesis were identified. In hybrids, favorable phases included February, August, September, and October. In both control clones, time interval propitious to embryogenesis stretched from February to December. The significance of the coefficient of correlation seemed to establish a relationship between somatic embryogenesis and phenology. However, a causal link could not be established. Leaf thrusts rhythm was revealed to be the phenological parameter most linked to somatic embryogenesis. Attempts to optimize embryogenesis during unfavorable phases, showed that a correction of 2.4 D/TDZ concentration is not the solution.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2002

Allelic diversity of 44 microsatellite marker loci originated from the coding regions of specific genes or the non-coding regions of barley genome was analyzed for 19 barley genotypes. Multi-allelic variation was observed at the most of marker loci except for HVM13, HVM15, HVM22, and HVM64. The number of different alleles ranged from 2 to 12 with a mean of 4.0 alleles per micro-satellite. Twenty-one alleles derived from 10 marker loci are specific for certain genotypes. The level of polymorphism (Polymorphic Information Content, PIC) based on the band pattern frequencies among genotypes was relatively high at the several loci such as HVM3, HVM5, HVM14, HVM36, HVM62 and HVM67. In the cluster analysis using genetic similarity matrix calculated from microsatellite-derived DNA profiles, two major groups were classified and the spike-row type was a major factor for clustering. Correlation between genetic similarity matrices based on microsatellite markers and pedigree data was highly significant ($r=0.57^{**}$), but these two parameters were moderately associated each other. On the other hand, RAPD-based genetic similarity matrix was more highly associated with microsatellite-based genetic similarity ($r=0.63^{**}$) than coefficient of parentage.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2020

Abiotic stress is one of the most serious problems in plant productivity because it dramatically delays plant growth and development. One of the abiotic stresses, soil salinity, has an adverse effect on plant growth, particularly in areas where irrigation is necessary like semiarid Asia and Africa. Among several physiological parameters, anthocyanin accumulation is a valuable indicator of the condition of the plant, and it tends to increase under salt stress conditions because of its protective role in such an environment. Consequently, it may be important to search for well adapted genotypes for upcoming climate changes. Anthocyanins are known to have important roles in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, providing important functions for protecting plant cells from reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanin accumulation between two Korean sorghum genotypes, Sodamchal and Nampungchal. The two genotypes were subjected to a regulated salinity condition, and the anthocyanin contents were evaluated in both. In Nampungchal, the anthocyanin content increased with 150 mM NaCl treatment during the time course of the experiment. However, the anthocyanin content of Sodamchal decreased in the same condition. The measured values of the anthocyanin content should be useful to identify the intensity of the salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L. Furthermore, we studied gene expression profiling of salt stress related genes with qRT-PCR. These results suggest that Nampungchal is a more tolerant genotype to salt stress compared to Sodamchal. This information should be useful for breeding salt-resistant cultivars in sorghum.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) is one of the major grain crops worldwide. The reduced productivity ascribed by adverse environment is increasing the risk of food security. Wheat cultivars have been actively released by public side since 1960s in Korea. Each variety has been developed for superior regional adaptation, pest resistance and mostly high yield. Heat stress tolerance is one of the major parameters that threaten wheat production in Korea. Heat stress during grain filling period has been conceived as critical level and directly influences on wheat production. We evaluated 11 common wheat cultivars ("Baegjoong", "Dajung", "Goso", "Hanbaek", "Jokyoung", "Joeun", "Jopum", "Keumgang", "Olgeuru", "Sinmichal", "Uri") that were exposed to abnormally high temperature during the grain filling period. Each plant was grown well in a pot containing "Sunshine #4" soil in controlled phytotron facility set on $20^{\circ}C$ and 16 h photoperiod. At 9 day-after-anthesis (DAA9), plants were subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $33^{\circ}C$ and maintained constantly at $33^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. After the treatment, plants were subjected to gradual decrease to normal temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) and continue to grow till harvest. Seeds were harvested from each tiller/plant. Total chlorophyll contents decrease level as well as grain parameters were measured to evaluate varietal tolerance to heat stress. We also divide each spike into five regions and evaluate grain characteristics among the regions in each spike. The obtained results allow us to classify cultivars for heat stress tolerance. The pedigree information showed that typical wheat lines provide either tolerance or susceptible trait to their off-springs, which enable breeders to develop heat stress tolerance wheat by appropriate parental choice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties with high yield-productivity through wide crosses between indica and japonica rice. Genetic analysis was conducted using 55 F$_1$s obtained from half-diallel crosses among eleven cultivars of various origin including indica and japonica rice. Screening for cold tolerance was done with cold-water irrigation after transplanting until ripening stage. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant in all characters associated with dry matter accumulation at 30 and 50days after cold-water irrigation (DAC). The variance of GCA was much larger than that of SCA in plant height, shoot dry weight per plant (DWP), crop growth rate (CGR) and cold-water response index (CRI) of these characters except CRI of shoot dry weight per plant. The DWP, CGR and CRI of these characters of Gaochan 102, Tong88-7 and TR22183 were markedly higher than those of the others. GCA effects of these varieties on DWP, CGR and their CRI were also higher than those of the others, indicating that they are useful as promising parents for breeding cold-tolerant varieties. Analysis of genetic parameters for 11$\times$11 half-diallel F$_1$s revealed that inter-locus gene interaction were concerned in the expression of plant height at 50 DAC, CRI of DWP at 50 DAC, and CRI of CGR, and that intra-locus gene interaction for plant height and the other characters were partial dominance and over-dominance, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability (h$^2$$_{N}$) was the highest in plant height as 0.729, and the lowest in CRI of DWP at 30 DAC as 0.048, suggesting that selection for cold tolerance will be quite effective in case that the selection criterion is the performance itself.f.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid and accurate method of evaluating some chemical compositions in forages and feedstuff. This study was carried out to explore the accuracy of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the prediction of chemical parameters of fresh whole crop barley silages. A representative population of 284 fresh whole crop barley silages was used as a database for studying the possibilities of NIRS to predict chemical composition. Samples of silage were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range 680~2,500 nm and the optical data were recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and were scanned in fresh condition. NIRS calibrations were developed by means of partial least-squares (PLS) regression. NIRS analysis of fresh whole crop barley silages provided accurate predictions of moisture, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP) and pH, as well as lactic acid content with correlation coefficients of cross-validation ($R^2cv$) of 0.96, 0.81, 0.79, 0.84, 0.72 and 0.78, respectively, and standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 1.26, 2.83, 2.18, 1.19, 0.13 and 0.32% DM, respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of the NIRS method to predict the chemical parameters of fresh whole crop barley silages as a routine analysis method in feeding value evaluation and for farmer advice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2000

This study was conducted to analyze the responses of some agronomic traits to the different cultural environments and relations among the agronomic traits for selecting sesame varieties with higher cultural stabilities. The indexes for stability parameters measured were coefficient of variability, heritabilities, genetic correlations and path coefficients of agronomic traits according to locations and years in Korea. The heritabilities of agronomic traits showed different by locations and years. Number of seeds per capsule and 1000 seeds weight showed higher heritabilities, but stem length and seed weight per plant showed relatively lower heritabilities. Average heritabilities of some agronomic traits in 1998 were comparatively higher than those of 1999. Of six areas, Jinju area showed biggest coefficient of yield variability in 1998-1999. Iksan and Taegu areas showed higher heritabilities in 1998, but Iksan and Jinju areas showed lower heritabilities in 1999. Genetic correlations were slightly higher than corresponding phenotypic correlations. Stem length showed positive genetic correlation with the number of capsules per plant, and seed weight per plant and the number of capsule per plant showed positive genetic correlation with seed weight per plant. On the analysis of path coefficients, stem length and number of capsules effected highly on grain yield. Great regional variations were observed on the effects of agronomic traits on grain yield. Higher direct effects of stem length on grain yield were observed at Suwon, Chungwon, Taegu, Jinju and Naju areas, but in Iksan area was observed higher direct effect of the number of capsules per plant on grain yield in 1998. In 1999, higher direct effect of stem length on grain yield was observed at Chungwon and Suwon areas. Iksan and Taegu areas were also observed higher direct effect of the number of capsule per plant on grain yield.