• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2019

작물 증발산량은 수자원 계획 및 관리, 물수지 분석, 작물 관개 계획 및 생산량 추정 등에 널리 활용되고 있으며, 특히 FAO에서 공인한 Penman-Monteith식 (FAO 56-PM)은 잠재 증발산량 산정을 위한 표준방법으로 많이 사용되고 있다. Penman-Monteith식을 이용한 잠재증발산량 산정은 최소온도, 평균온도, 최대온도, 상대습도, 풍속과 일사량인 6가지 항목에 대한 시계열 자료가 필요한데, 결측 또는 미계측된 경우에는 사용이 어려운 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 역전파 신경망(BPNN) 모델을 이용해서 6개 미만의 기상항목으로도 잠재증발산량이 추정가능한지를 확인하였다. 여섯 가지 기상항목을 각각 1~6개의 조합으로 입력자료를 구성하고, BPNN 모델을 이용해서 학습, 검증 및 테스트를 한 결과, 입력 자료가 많아질수록 좋은 결과가 산출되었으며, 일사량, 최대온도와 상대습도만으로도 결정계수($R^2$)가 0.94정도로 비교적 높은 예측결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 산정 오차를 줄이고, 항목간의 상관관계를 높이기 위해서는 역전파 신경망 구조의 적절한 선택이 중요한 것으로 확인되었다. 역전파 신경망 모델을 사용하면 요구되는 기상 항목과 데이터의 양에 대한 제약 없이 예측이 가능할 수 있기 때문에 기준 증발산량 산정에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이며 향후 작물 재배를 위한 적정 관개계획 수립에도 유용하게 사용될 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 2014

In order to evaluate water balance at upland according to RCP8.5 climate change scenario distributed by Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA), we simulated soil moisture using estimation model, called AFKAE0.5 for 66 sites from 2011 to 2020, and established the water balance maps. The amount of annual average precipitation by RCP8.5 scenario was highest in 2016 as recorded 2,062 mm and lowest in 2011 with 1,134 mm. As result of analysis for monthly precipitation and runoff, the amounts of precipitation and runoff have been especially intensive in July in 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2020. Overall, the area of Kyeongbuk and Gyeonggi was estimated more dried status of soil compared with precipitation. Except 2015 and 2020, soil water balance was recorded as negative value in other years which was calculated by subtracting output from input. The status of soil moisture was the most dry in 2020 among those in other years.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제48권7호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2006

Potential application topics of KOMPSAT-3 image in the field of precision agriculture are suggested. The topics can be categorized as fundamental and applied ones that have contents of static and dynamic characteristics respectively. As fundamental topics, precision information of agriculture that is related to farmland and its crop attributes, precision information of rural infrastructure that is related to rural village and its facilities, precision information of stream environment that is related to rural water resources and its facilities, and precision information of eco-environment that is especially related to riparian ecology and environmental status are included. As applied topics, precision rural water resources that has thematic contents of continuous and event-based runoff, spatial and temporal soil moisture and evapotranspiration, precision agricultural watershed environment that has the contents of spatial and temporal soil loss, sediment and pollutants transport, and precision temporal and spatial crop growth that has the contents of temporal crop texture, spectral reflectance, leaf area index, spatial crop protein information.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.432-435
• /
• 2006

Potential application topics of KOMPSAT-3 image in the field of precision agriculture are suggested. The topics can be categorized as fundamental and applied ones that have contents of static and dynamic characteristics respectively. As fundamental topics, precision information of agriculture that is related to farmland and its crop attributes, precision information of rural infrastructure that is related to rural village and its facilities, precision information of stream environment that is related to rural water resources and its facilities, and precision information of eco-environment that is especially related to riparian ecology and environmental status are included. As applied topics, precision rural water resources that has thematic contents of continuous and event-based runoff, spatial and temporal soil moisture and evapotranspiration, precision agricultural watershed environment that has the contents of spatial and temporal soil loss, sediment and pollutants transport, and precision temporal and spatial crop growth that has the contents of temporal crop texture, spectral reflectance, leaf area index, spatial crop protein information.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 2017

Climate change causes unpredictable and erratic climatic patterns which affects crop production in agriculture and threatens public health. To cope with the challenges of climate change, sustainable and sound growth environment for crop production should be secured. Recent attention has been given to the development of smart irrigation system using sensors and wireless network as a solution to achieve water conservation as well as improvement in crop yield and quality with less water and labor. This study developed the smart irrigation technique for farmlands by monitoring the soil moisture contents and real-time climate condition for decision-making support. Central to this design is micro-controller which monitors the farm condition and controls the distribution of water on the farm. In addition, a series of laboratory studies were conducted to determine the optimal irrigation pattern, one time versus plug time. This smart technique allows farmers to reduce water use, improve the efficiency of irrigation systems, produce more yields and better quality of crops, reduce fertilizer and pesticide application, improve crop uniformity, and prevent soil erosion which eventually reduce the nonpoint source pollution discharge into aquatic-environment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.674-683
• /
• 2017

The frequency and intensity of soil moisture stress associated with climate change has increasing, and the stability of field crop cultivation has decreasing. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture management method on growth and yield of corn. Soil moisture was managed at the grade of WSM (wet soil moisture, 34.0~42.9%), OSM (optimum soil moisture, 27.8~34.0%), DSM (dry soil moisture, 20.3~27.8%), and ESM (extreme dry moisture, 16.6~20.3%) during V8 (8th leaf stage)-VT (tasseling stage). After VT, irrigation was limited. The treated amount of irrigation was 54.1, 47.7, 44.0 and 34.5% of total water requirement, respectively. The potential evapotranspiration during the growing period was $3.29mm\;day^{-1}$, and upward movement of soil water was estimated by the AFKAE 0.5 model in the order of ESM, DSM, OSM, and WSM. We could confirm this phenomenon from actual observations. There was no significant difference in leaf characteristics, dry matter, and primary productivity depending on the level of soil moisture, but leaf development was delayed and dry weight decreased in DSM. However, dry weight and individual productivity of DSM increased after irrigation withdrawal compared to that of OSM. In DSM, ear yield and number of kernels per ear decreased, but water use efficiency and harvest index were higher than other treatments. Therefore, it is considered that the soil moisture is concentratedly managed before the V8 period, the V8-VT period is controlled within the range of 100 to 500 kPa (20.3~27.8%), and no additional irrigation is required after the VT.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2017

North Korea is one of the high vulnerable countries facing the threat of natural disaster and has experienced more frequent disasters in recent years. These disasters have significantly led to food shortages and large reductions in crop yields. In 2015, both North Korean officials and international agencies had identified the extreme drought event, the worst in one hundred years according to the North Korean government. The objective of this study was an assessment of the extreme drought events in 2014~2015, and to apply climatic drought indices for drought monitoring in North Korea. Characteristics of the extreme drought in North Korea are examined by using the weekly-based Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The drought characteristics illustrated by the SPEI results are compared with a Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) results and drought impact information to understand how these indices can explain the drought conditions within the country. These results demonstrated that the SPEI could be an effective tool to provide improved spatial and temporal drought conditions to inform management decisions for drought policy.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.812-822
• /
• 2010

1. 우리나라 전국을 45개 지역으로 구분하여 최근 30년간의 기상자료 분석에 의한 5월~6월의 일평균 PET는 2.99 mm $day^{-1}$ 이었다. 2. 토성별 유효토양수분보유량 (AWS)은 사양토 16.0%~미사질양토 24.7% 범위이었다. 3. 봄배추의 45개 지역별, 3개 토성 및 5개 순별, 총 675경우의 재배여건에 적합한 물 절약형 적정 관개간격 및 1회 관개량을 산정하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2020

ET_c 손실을 보상하는데 필요한 물의 양을 작물 용수 요구량(Crop water requirement, CWR)로 정의되며, ET_c 평가는 작물 필요 요구량을 정확하게 정량화하는 데 필요하며, 물 균형 계산에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 토마토와 파프리카의 실제 관수 요구량(Actual crop water, ACW)이 적절한 CWR인지 평가하였다. 토마토와 파프리카 재배에 적정한 AWC 예측 및 추정을 위하여 온실 내부 환경데이터를 Penman-Monteith을 이용하여 기준 작물 증발산(ET)을 계산한 후, 기준 증발산은 작물 상수(Kc;토마토-1.15, 파프리카-1.05)계수로 조정하였다. 토마토와 파프리카의 CWR과 ACW를 계산하여 비교 평가한 결과 ACW가 CWR을 대체할 수 있지만 파프리카의 ACW는 필요 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 토마토의 ACW는 1일 100 ~ 1,200 ml이고, 파프리카의 ACW는 1일 100 ~ 500 ml가 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 스마트 온실에서 ET_c의 정밀도를 높이려면, ET_c가 CWR로 변환되고 ACW와 비교하기 위해서 클래스 A팬 설정이 필요하다. 향후 실시간으로 CWR을 측정하기 위한 시뮬레이션 프로그램 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1976

수원지방(水原地方)의 잠재적(潛在的) 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 파악(把握)하고 또 그의 합리적(合理的)인 산출방법(算出方法)을 기존공식(旣存公式)에서 찾기 위(爲)하여 1964년(年)부터 1973년(年)까지 10개년간(個年間)에 걸쳐 조사(調査)된 기상자료(氣象資料)를 토태(土台)로 Blanney-Criddle을 비롯한 Thornthwaite, Penman, Jensen-Haise, Truc 공식(公式)을 적용(適用)하여 잠재적(潛在的) 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 산출(算出)함과 동시(同時) 이들을 상호(相互) 비교(比較)하였는바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수원지방(水原地方)의 잠재적 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 성하기(盛夏期) 7, 8월(月)을 정점(頂點), 동기(冬期) 1월(月)과 12월(月)을 기점(基點)으로 한 uni-modal distribution을 하고있으며 Blanney-Criddle 공식(公式)에 의(依)한 연증발산량(年蒸發散量)은 1,377mm 그리고 다른 네 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 연증발산량(年蒸發散量)은 714mm에서 896mm 범위(範圍)에 있다. 2. Blanney-Criddle 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 다른 네 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 것 보다 많은 한편 다른 네 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 증발산량(蒸發散量) 간(間)에는 대동소리(大同小異)하다. 그러나 이들 네 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 증발산량(蒸發散量)의 평균치(平均値)와 Blanney-Criddle 공식(公式)의 증발산량(蒸發散量) 간(間)에는 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)이 있다. 3. 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 증발산량(蒸發散量)과 기존(旣存)에 표발(表發)된 수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 실제적(實際的) 증발산량(蒸發散量) 간(間)의 관계(關係)에 있어서 Blanney-Criddle 공식(公式)을 기준(基準)으로 할 경우(境遇) 일반품종(一般品種)에는 보정계수(補正係數) 0.8 그리고 통일품종(統一品種)에는 1.0을 대입(代入)하므로서 양자간(兩者間)에는 근사(近似)한 치(値)를 갖게되며 다른 네 공식(公式)의 평균치(平均値)를 기준(基準)으로 할 경우(境遇) 일반품종(一般品種)에는 1.2 그리고 통일품종(統一品種)에는 1.5를 대입(代入)하므로서 상호근사(相互近似)한 치(値)를 갖게된다. 따라서 수원지방(水原地方)의 잠재적(潛在的) 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 Blanney-Criddle과 다른 네 공식(公式)에서 산출(算出)된 증발산량(蒸發散量)의 중간치(中間値)라고 생각된다. 4. 증발산량(蒸發散量) 산출(算出)에 있어서는 공식(公式) 상호간(相互間)에 연관성(連關性)이 있으므로 어느 공식(公式)이든 적용(適用)할 수 있으나 Blanney-Criddle에 의(依)한 증발산량(蒸發散量) 산출(算出)은 다른 네 공식(公式)에 비(比)하여 간단(簡單)하고 용이(容易)하므로 Blanney-Criddle 공식(公式)에 보정계수(補正係數)를 조정(調整)하여 활용(活用)하는 것이 보다 효과적이라고 생각한다.