• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

A new peanut variety "Pungsan" (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was derived from a cross between a short stem cultivar "Satonoka" and a high-yielding local cultivar "Yecheon". "Pungsan" is the Virginia plant type. It has 18 branches per plant and 40 cm of main stem height. Each pod with long-ellipse shaped large kernel has two grains with light-brown testa and 100 seed weight was 95g in the regional yield trials (RYT). "Pungsan" showed more resistant to web blotch compared with check variety. In the regional yield trials "Pungsan" was outyielded in grain yield to the check variety by 16% with 4.45 MT/ha for grain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.265-270
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• 2019

Growing evidence suggests that mediating apoptotic cell death of ER stress plays an important role in pathological development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The ethanol extract of Rodiola sacra (ERS) investigates whether ER stress protects neuroinvasive neuro-2A cells from homocysteine (Hcy) cell death and ER stress. In neuronal cells, Hcy markedly decreased the viability of the cells and induced the death of Annexin V-positive cells as confirmed by MTT assay. The Hcy cell viability and apoptotic loss pretreated with ERS were attenuated, and Hcy showed stress in the expression of C / EBP homologous protein, 78-kDa glucose regulatory protein and the junction of X-box binding protein-1 (xbp1) mRNA. ESR decreased Hcy-induced mRNA binding, GRP78 and CHOP cells induced Hcy-induced ER stress and apoptosis, and Western blotting revealed expression of heme oxygenase-1 and HO-1 enzyme activity Inhibition is indicative of therapeutic value for neurodegenerative diseases such as decreased cell death by hemin.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2019

Drought stress is considered as one of major abiotic stresses; it leads to reduce plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, we selected bacterial strains for alleviating drought stress in chili pepper plants. As drought-tolerant bacteria, 28 among 447 strains were pre-selected by in vitro assays including growth in drought condition with polyethylene glycol and plant growth-promoting traits including production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid and exopolysaccharide. Sequentially, 7 among pre-selected 28 strains were screened based on relative water content (RWC); GLC02 and KJ40, among seven strains were finally selected by RWC and malondialdehyde (MDA) in planta trials under an artificial drought condition by polyethylene glycol solution. Two strains GLC02 and KJ40 reduced drought stress in a natural drought condition as well as an artificial condition. Strains GLC02 or KJ40 increased shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll and stomatal conductance while they decreased MDA in chili pepper plants under a natural drought condition. However, two strains did not show biocontrol activity against diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in chili pepper plants. Taken together, strains GLC02 or KJ40 can be used as bio-fertilizer for alleviation of drought stress in chili pepper plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

Throughout history, barley was the typical crop of the soils of Jeju Island due to its topographical features. People in Jeju eat Shindari or Dansul. Shindari or Dansul is a fermented drink of Jeju, made from the leftovers of cooked barely and nuruk of short fermentation periods. Although Makgeolli and Shindari share a similar fermentation period and materials, research on Shindari or Dansul is still in its early stages. In this study, we examined major bacterial species of Shindari or Dansul. In addition, we confirmed the antibacterial activities of an isolated strain against fish and human-harmful bacteria. Among the isolates, Firmicutes consisted of 73% and the Proteobacteria of 27%, indicating that the Firmicutes phylum was the dominant one. In addition, the Pediococcus genus and the Bacillus genus were the most prevalent consisting of 25%, followed by the Cronobacter genus (25%), the Enterococcus genus (16%), the Aneurinibacillus genus (5%), the Klebsiella genus (4%), and the Paenibacillus genus (2%). We conclude that the Lactobacillus genus predominated in Makgeolli, but the Pediococcus genus predominated in Shindari. In a study of the antibacterial activity, growth inhibition was observed for all bacteria, except for the fish disease bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and the human-harmful bacterium Streptococcus mutans.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

In this study, we compared the performance of machine learning models for predicting Vapor Pressure Deficits (VPD) in greenhouses that affect pore function and photosynthesis as well as plant growth due to nutrient absorption of plants. For VPD prediction, the correlation between the environmental elements in and outside the greenhouse and the temporal elements of the time series data was confirmed, and how the highly correlated elements affect VPD was confirmed. Before analyzing the performance of the prediction model, the amount and interval of analysis time series data (1 day, 3 days, 7 days) and interval (20 minutes, 1 hour) were checked to adjust the amount and interval of data. Finally, four machine learning prediction models (XGB Regressor, LGBM Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, etc.) were applied to compare the prediction performance by model. As a result of the prediction of the model, when data of 1 day at 20 minute intervals were used, the highest prediction performance was 0.008 for MAE and 0.011 for RMSE in LGBM. In addition, it was confirmed that the factor that most influences VPD prediction after 20 minutes was VPD (VPD_y__71) from the past 20 minutes rather than environmental factors. Using the results of this study, it is possible to increase crop productivity through VPD prediction, condensation of greenhouses, and prevention of disease occurrence. In the future, it can be used not only in predicting environmental data of greenhouses, but also in various fields such as production prediction and smart farm control models.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2023

To investigate the incidence status of viruses in major cultivated areas of watermelon and melon in Chungbuk Province, samples were collected from 2020 to 2021 in vinyl greenhouse of Jincheon and Eumseong and examined for virus infection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the six viruses on watermelon that was analyzed in this study, watermelons were infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV). The incidence rate of CMV was 20.9-35.0%, WMV 0.4-15.8%, CGMMV 1.6-38.5%, and CABYV was 3.5-3.7% from 2020 to 2021. But strangely, there were no incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) during investigation. From this result, we knew the major virus was CGMMV on watermelon in Chungbuk Province. Molecular diagnosis assays of the two melon viruses, showed that melons were infected with CABYV and CCYV from 2020 to 2021. The incidence rate of CABYV was 53.9-92.2% and CCYV was 2.7-20.8%. The incidence of CABYV was high in melon cultivation of Jincheon and Eumseong, Chungbuk. Afterwards, it is necessary to establish a control management strategy for reduce the incidence of CABYV. Furthermore, we must pay attention that of CCYV even if the incidence was low.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.179-194
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• 2022

In this review, the mycotoxin contamination of Korean cereals and their products is analyzed by crop based on scientific publications since 2000. Barley, rice, and corn were investigated heavier than the others. The common mycotoxins occurred in all cereals and their products were deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Nivalenol was detected in all samples analyzed but more frequently or mainly in barley, rice, and oat. Fumonisin was commonly detected in corn and sorghum but also in adlay, millet, and rice. Adlay and millet were similar in the contamination pattern that fumonisin and zearalenone were the most frequently detected mycotoxins. Zearalenone was the most commonly detected mycotoxin with concentrations higher than the national standards (maximum limit), followed by deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxin. However, most occurrence levels were below the maximum limits for respective mycotoxins. This result shows that barley, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, and adlay are more vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination than other cereals and therefore continuous monitoring and safety management are necessary.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2023

Agricultural antibiotics are widely used to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria involved in plant diseases. However, continuous antibiotic overuse in crop production may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance to three different agricultural antibiotics (oxytetracycline+streptomycin, streptomycin, and validamycin A) in 91 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria including Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, C. michiganensis subsp. capsici, and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. Bacterial growth in the presence of various concentrations of validamycin A was also assessed spectrophotometrically by analyzing the optical density. All strains did not grow when the cells were exposed to oxytetracycline+streptomycin or 100× of streptomycin. However, among the 91 strains, 4% and 2% strains showed bacterial growth at the concentrations of 1× and 10× of streptomycin, respectively. Furthermore, 97%, 93%, and 73% strains were resistant to the 1×, 10×, and 100× of validamycin A, respectively, and especially, P. carotovorum contained the highest resistance to the validamycin A. Minimum bactericidal concentration values of validamycin A did not correlate with the patterns of agricultural antibiotic resistance. Further studies are needed to understand the incidence and development of antibiotic resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2019

Vicia amoena has traditionally been used to treat disease of rheumatism, arthralgia, muscular paralysis, abscess and eczema, and it has anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically in vestige acted so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of V. amoena using the ethanolic extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) on RAW264.7 cells. Our results indicated that ethanolic extract of V. amoena significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO and PGE₂ production in RAW264.7 cells. The ethanolic extract of V. amoena has inhibited the PGE₂ production by 88.0±0.8 % at the concentration of 40㎍/ml. This results showed that ethanol extract of V. amoena is expected to be a good candidate for development into source of inflammation inhibitor

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1662-1667
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• 2011

Anthocyanins belong to a group of flavonoid compounds and are well known for their various health beneficial effects, which include antioxidative activities. Among them, the major anthocyanins isolated from seed coat of black soybean (Glycine max L.) were previously characterized as glycosides containing glucopyranose. Asthma is an allergic disease that is strongly associated with various immune cells, including basophils and mast cells. Eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells play important roles in allergic asthma through the release of inflammatory mediators such as asthma-specific T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and subsequent amplification of asthma symptoms via degranulation. Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells are the most common in vitro models for evaluating allergic reactions. In this study, we examined the effects of anthocyanin from seed coat of black soybean on antigen-stimulated degranulation and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell degranulation was evaluated by measuring the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase. ${\beta}$-Hexosaminidase release and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells was much higher upon stimulation with IgE-antigen complex than those in untreated control cells. Anthocyanins significantly suppressed IgE-antigen complex-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and inhibited IgE-antigen complex-mediated interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) production in RBL-2H3 cells. These findings suggest that anthocyanins from seed coat of black soybean effectively inhibit allergic reactions and may have beneficial effects against allergic asthma.