• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.373-378
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• 2002

Metal matrix composites have a great interest in recent years because high specific strength, high specific stiffness characteristics, and application ranges of the composites are extend to variety industry. In this paper, an investigation was performed on the plane strain fracture toughness and slinding wear properties of AC4CH alloy(Al-Si-Mg line) reinforced with 20wt% aluminum borate whisker expect one, which contained a inorganic binder($TiO_2$). the binder led to the formation of strengthen the whisker each other. The test of fracture toughness was using CT(half size) specimen of thickness 12.5mm, width 25mm. and test of slinding wear of using tribo a pin-on-disk machine and lubricant is used without paraffine 8.2CST at room temperature. As results, Fracture toughness $K_{IC}$ is $8.7MPa-m^{05}$ for ABOw/AC4CH, $9.28MPa-m^{05}$ for ABOw/AC4CH added $TiO_2$. but AC4CH alloy was violated the critical stipulated by ASTM standard for valid measurement of $K_{IC}$. In case of, it was performed $J_{IC}$ test instead of $K_{IC}$ based on ASTM E 1820.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

The free longitudinal vibration of a circular truncated nanocone is investigated based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. Exact analytical formulations for tapered nanostructures are derived and the nonlinear differential governing equation of motion is developed. The nonlocal small scale effect unavailable in classical continuum theory is addressed to reveal the long-range interaction of atoms implicated in nonlocal constitutive relation. Unlike most previous studies applying the truncation method to the infinite higher-order differential equation, this paper aims to consider all higher-order terms to show the overall nonlocality. The explicit solution of nonlocal stress for longitudinal deformation is determined and it is an infinite series incorporating the classical stress derived in classical mechanics of materials and the infinite higher-order derivative of longitudinal displacement. Subsequently, the first three modes natural frequencies are calculated numerically and the significant effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle on natural frequencies are examined. The coupling phenomenon of natural frequency is observed and it is induced by the combined effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle. The critical value of nonlocal small scale is defined, and after that a new proposal for determining the range of nonlocal small scale is put forward since the principle of choosing the nonlocal small scale is still unclear at present. Additionally, two different types of nonlocal effects, namely the nonlocal stiffness weakening and strengthening, reversed phenomena existing in nanostructures are observed and verified. Hence the opposite nonlocal effects are resolved again clearly. The nano-engineers dealing with a circular truncated nanocone-based sensors and oscillators may benefit from the present work.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2012

In a modern aircraft, there are many variations in its mass, stiffness, and aerodynamic characteristics. Recently, an analytical approach was proposed, and this approach uses the idea of uncertainty to find out the most critical flight flutter boundary due to the variations in such aerodynamic characteristics. An analytical method that has been suggested to predict robust stability is the mu method. We previously analyzed the robust flutter boundary by using the mu method, and in that study, aerodynamic variations in the Mach number, atmospheric density, and flight speed were taken into consideration. The authors' previous attempt and the results are currently quoted as varying Mach number mu analysis. In the author's previous method, when the initial flight conditions were located far from the nominal flutter boundary, conservative predictions were obtained. However, relationships among those aerodynamic parameters were not applied. Thus, the varying Mach number mu analysis results required validation. Using an optimization approach, the varying Mach number mu analysis was found out to be capable of capturing a reasonable robust flutter boundary, i.e., with a low percentage difference from boundaries that were obtained by optimization. Regarding the optimization approach, a discrete nominal flutter boundary is to be obtained in advance, and based on that boundary, an interpolated function was established. Thus, the optimization approach required more computational effort for a larger number of uncertainty variables. And, this produced results similar to those from the mu method which had lower computational complexity. Thus, during the estimation of robust aeroelastic stability, the mu method was regarded as more efficient than the optimization method was. The mu method predicts reasonable results when an initial condition is located near the nominal flutter boundary, but it does not consider the relationships that are among the aerodynamic parameters, and its predictions are not very accurate when the initial condition is located far from the nominal flutter boundary. In order to provide predictions that are more accurate, the relationships among the uncertainties should also be included in the mu method.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2010

S-파 크로스홀 검측을 이용하여 쇄석말뚝의 건전도를 평가하였다. 이 평가 기법은 현장타설말뚝의 크로스홀 초음파 검측(CSL)과 개념적으로 유사하다. 이 기법의 주요한 차이점은 CSL에서는 P-파를 사용하나 이 기법에서는 S-파를 이용한다는 사실이다. 그 이유는 S-파만이 물보다 느린 매질의 강성을 감지할 수 있는 유일한 탄성파이기 때문이다. 양방향 S-파를 생성할 수 있는 전기-기계식 발진자를 사용하여 검측을 수행하였다. 이 쇄석말뚝의 형상을 말뚝을 통과하는 S-파 도달시간, 쇄석과 주변지반의 S-파속도 주상도를 이용하여 재생하였다. 쇄석의 S-파속도 주상도는 쇄석의 내부마찰각 및 정지토압계수로 산출하는 것이 타당한 것으로 확인되었다. 쇄석말뚝의 직경 산정은 이 내부마찰각과 토압계수에 크게 영향을 받지 않는다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2011

Purpose: Metacarpal fractures are common hand injury that may require operative intervention to ensure adequate reduction and stabilization. Traditionally, titanium miniplate was used for rigid fixation of bone fractures. However, the use of permanent plate lends itself to multiple complications such as infection, exposure of the hardware, tendon adhesions, tendon rupture, prolonged pain, bony atrophy and osteoporosis (stress shielding), metal sensitization, and palpation under the skin. This study evaluated the usefulness and stability of biodegradable plates and screws for treatment of metacarpal bone fractures. Methods: There was 17 patients who had surgery for metacarpal bone fracture from April 2007 to June 2010. All patients had open reduction and internal fixation. We used absorbable plates and screws (Inion CPS$^{(R)}$) for internal fixation. Postoperative results were assessed with x-ray. Stability of plates and screws, healing process and its complications were observed by clinical and radiographic assessment. Results: All patients were successfully reduced of bone fracture, and fixations with absorbable plates and screws were stable. The mean follow up period was 7.1 months. 2 patients complained postoperative pain, but they were relieved with analgesics. All patients experienced transient stiffness, but they were relieved with active assistive range of motion after removal of splint. No patients suffered complications which could be occurred by using metallic plate. Conclusion: There was no critical complications such as re-fracture or nonunion among patients. No patients suffered side effects related with metallic implants. Biodegradable implants can offer clinically stable and attractive alternative to metallic implants to stabilize metacarpal bone fractures in the hand.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2000

On the other hand, the fiber orientation at the surface and middle layer of the sheet controls the bending stiffness of paperboard. Therefore, a reliable measurement of paper surface fiber orientation gives us a magnificent tool to investigate and predict paper curling and cockling tendency, and provides the necessary information to fine-tune the manufacturing process for optimum quality. Many papers, especially heavily calendered and coated grades, do resist liquid and gas penetration very much, being beyond the measurement range of the traditional instruments or resulting inconveniently long measuring time per sample. The increased surface hardness and use of filler minerals and mechanical pulp make a reliable, non-leaking sample contact to the measurement head a challenge of its own. Paper surface coating causes, as expected, a layer which has completely different permeability characteristics compared to the other layers of the sheet. The latest developments in sensor technologies have made it possible to reliably measure gas flow n well controlled conditions, allowing us to investigate the gas penetration of open structures, such as cigarette paper, tissue or sack paper, and in the low permeability range analyze even fully greaseproof papers, silicon papers, heavily coated papers and boards or even detect defects in barrier coatings! Even nitrogen or helium may be used as the gas, giving us completely new possibilities to rank the products or to find correlation to critical process or converting parameters. All the modern paper machines include many on-line measuring instruments which are used to give the necessary information for automatic process control systems. Hence, the reliability of this information obtained from different sensors is vital for good optimizing and process stability. If any of these on-line sensors do not operate perfectly as planned (having even small measurement error or malfunction), the process control will set the machine to operate away from the optimum, resulting loss of profit or eventual problems in quality or runnability. To assure optimum operation of the paper machines, a novel quality assurance policy for the on-line measurements has been developed, including control procedures utilizing traceable, accredited standards for the best reliability and performance.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2021

VPS는 중공재의 형상을 최적화 하고 중공재의 부상 및 작업하에 의한 이탈을 방지하는 기능을 가진 기존 중공슬래브공법이다. 본 연구에서는 기존연구에서 제안한 거푸집 패널이 부착된 중공슬래브(VPS)를 활용하여 플랫 플레이트의 뚫림전단 안전성을 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 가력점으로 부터 기둥 폭의 2.0배를 넘어 중공재를 배치한 VSPS 실험체는 기준 실험체에 대비 내력이 9.4%감소하였다. KBC2016에서 제시한 설계 값의 약 1.57배 이상의 강도 값을 나타내었다. 중공재를 배치한 VSPS 실험체가 전단파괴가 발생하기 전까지 기준 실험체 대비 강성의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 휨 철근을 충분하게 배근하여 본 실험이 전단에 의해 파괴되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.641-651
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• 2019

The stochastic stability control of the parameter-excited vibration of an inclined stay cable with multiple modes coupling under random and periodic combined support disturbances is studied by using the direct eigenvalue analysis approach based on the response moment stability, Floquet theorem, Fourier series and matrix eigenvalue analysis. The differential equation with time-varying parameters for the transverse vibration of the inclined cable with control under random and deterministic support disturbances is derived and converted into the randomly and deterministically parameter-excited multi-degree-of-freedom vibration equations. As the stochastic stability of the parameter-excited vibration is mainly determined by the characteristics of perturbation moment, the differential equation with only deterministic parameters for the perturbation second moment is derived based on the $It{\hat{o}}$ stochastic differential rule. The stochastically and deterministically parameter-excited vibration stability is then determined by the deterministic parameter-varying response moment stability. Based on the Floquet theorem, expanding the periodic parameters of the perturbation moment equation and the periodic component of the characteristic perturbation moment expression into the Fourier series yields the eigenvalue equation which determines the perturbation moment behavior. Thus the stochastic stability of the parameter-excited cable vibration under the random and periodic combined support disturbances is determined directly by the matrix eigenvalues. The direct eigenvalue analysis approach is applicable to the stochastic stability of the control cable with multiple modes coupling under various periodic and/or random support disturbances. Numerical results illustrate that the multiple cable modes need to be considered for the stochastic stability of the parameter-excited cable vibration under the random and periodic support disturbances, and the increase of the control damping rather than control stiffness can greatly enhance the stochastic stability of the parameter-excited cable vibration including the frequency width increase of the periodic disturbance and the critical value increase of the random disturbance amplitude.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2019

겨울철 발생하는 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온균열의 정량적 분석 및 평가를 위해서는 해당 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온응력이 반드시 계산되어야 하며, 이는 현재 대한민국, 미국 북부 및 캐나다 지역에서 포장 유지관리, 설계에 있어서 매우 중요한 사항 중 하나이다. 일반적으로 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온응력은 크리프 시험과 시간중첩이론을 바탕으로 계산되며 전통적으로 두 수학적 단계를 통해 계산된다. 우선 수학적, 수치적 변환과정(홉킨스-해밍 알고리즘)을 통해 크리프-강성응력에서 이완응력이 계산된다. 다음으로 이완응력 지배곡선을 구현한 후 회선적분의 수치해석적 접근을 통해 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온응력이 최종적으로 계산된다. 상기의 과정은 복잡하며, 시간이 오래 걸리는 단점이 있다. 이번 논문에서는 보다 간편한 라플라스 변환을 통해 해당 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온응력을 계산하였으며, 이의 결과를 전통적 계산 기법과 비교, 분석하였다. 결론적으로 새로이 제안된 라플라스 변환 기법은 보다 아스팔트 혼합물의 저온응력을 효과적, 효율적으로 계산할 수 있음이 발견되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of plywood used as a thermal insulating material for LNG CCS (Liquefied Natural Gas, Cargo Containment System). It is created by bonding an odd number of parallel and perpendicular direction for preventing contraction and expansion of wood. Also plywood is widely used as LNG CCS insulating material because of its durability, light weight and high stiffness. Since LNG CCS is loaded with liquid cargo, the impact load by sloshing during operation and the wide temperature range (room temperature, low temperature, cryogenic temperature) exposed during loading, unloading should be considered. The thickness of the plywood which is used for the membrane type MARKIII was selected as the thickness of the test specimen. In this present study, plywood is analyzed by the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of plywood by temperature and grain direction. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the fracture shape and predict the fracture strain by using regression model because the critical load may cause cracks inside the tank, which may affect the leakage of cryogenic liquid.