• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2010

InSb has received great attentions as a promising candidate for the active layer of infrared photodetectors due to the well matched band gap for the detection of $3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$ infrared (IR) wavelength and high electron mobility (106 cm2/Vs at 77 K). In the fabrication of InSb photodetectors, passivation step to suppress dark currents is the key process and intensive studies were conducted to deposit the high quality passivation layers on InSb. Silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4) and anodic oxide have been investigated as passivation layers and SiO2 is generally used in recent InSb detector fabrication technology due to its better interface properties than other candidates. However, even in SiO2, indium oxide and antimony oxide formation at SiO2/InSb interface has been a critical problem and these oxides prevent the further improvement of interface properties. Also, the mechanisms for the formation of interface phases are still not fully understood. In this study, we report the quantitative analysis of indium and antimony oxide formation at SiO2/InSb interface during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at various growth temperatures and subsequent heat treatments. 30 nm-thick SiO2 layers were deposited on InSb at 120, 160, 200, 240 and $300^{\circ}C$, and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With increasing deposition temperature, contents of indium and antimony oxides were also increased due to the enhanced diffusion. In addition, the sample deposited at $120^{\circ}C$ was annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ for 10 and 30 min and the contents of interfacial oxides were analyzed. Compared to as-grown samples, annealed sample showed lower contents of antimony oxide. This result implies that reduction process of antimony oxide to elemental antimony occurred at the interface more actively than as-grown samples.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

Psychological distance refers to the perceived gap between a stimulus and a person's direct experience and its activation influences the decisions and actions that the person makes towards the stimulus. We investigated whether the level of familiarity affects the construction of psychological distance. Specifically, we hypothesized that a familiar stimulus, relative to an unfamiliar stimulus, is perceived to be psychologically closer to the observer and so its perception might be modulated by the perceived spatial distance. The familiarity of stimuli was manipulated in terms of preexposure frequency and preexposure perceptual fluency. In experiments, participants were first exposed with three nonsense words in a lexical decision task. The nonsense words were presented in nonword trials with different levels of frequency (frequent vs. rare, Experiment 1) or with different levels of visibility (less blurred vs. more blurred, Experiment 2). Participants then performed a distance Stroop task with the most familiar and the least familiar nonwords. Each of them appeared in either proximal or distant spatial locations in scenes with clear depth cues. The results showed a significant interaction between the word familiarity and the spatial distance: the familiar word was judged faster in proximal locations but slower in distant locations relative to the unfamiliar word. The current findings suggest that metacognitive evaluation of familiarity could be one of the critical factors that underlie the construction of psychological distance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2015

Purpose - Several domestic telecommunication companies have made a considerable effort to continuously grow and survive, and they have strived to thrive in the midst of mature market competition. To overcome this challenging situation and to grow continuously, while still meeting customer needs that are becoming more diverse and complicated with the passage of time, extensive support for internal marketing is essential. Without such internal support, companies face serious limitations and market roadblocks. The communication industry is a high-level service industry and a basic communications industry characteristic is its significant dependence on the employees delivering the services. Therefore, entrepreneurs in the information/communications industry, as well as existing competitors, should look to satisfy external customers through critical investment in internal customers (employees). Therefore, it is important for research to examine how internal factors influence technology innovation and service quality, which are the key drivers for companies that are seeking leading market positions. Research design, data, and methodology - The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of technology innovation and perceived service quality with the internal marketing factors in the communication industry and to offer suitable and effective internal marketing suggestions. The independent variables of this study are internal communication, education and training, the support of the executives, reward systems, and empowerment. The dependent variables are technology innovation and perceived service quality. Utilizing these, this paper studies the influence of internal marketing factors on technology innovation and perceived service quality. Results - The study results revealed the following. First, the identified internal marketing factors have a positive effect on technology innovation. Among the five internal marketing factors, three had a significant effect on product innovation, empowerment, the support of executives, and education and training, in this order. Second, the internal marketing factors also had a positive effect on the process innovation of technology innovation. The marketing factors, the support of executives, empowerment, internal communication, and education and training, in this order, significantly affect process innovation. Third, technology innovation had a positive effect on perceived service quality. All of the five service quality factors, namely, tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsibility, and empathy, in this order, significantly affect product innovation. Additionally, tangibles, reliability, responsibility, empathy, and assurance, in this order, significantly affect process innovation. Fourth, product and process innovation significantly affect tangibles and reliability in technology innovation. To enhance tangibles and reliability, process innovation should first be enhanced. Fifth, product and process innovation significantly affect responsibility and empathy in technology innovation. To enhance the responsibility and empathy, process innovation should first be enhanced. Sixth, product and process innovation significantly affect assurance in technology innovation. To enhance the assurance, product innovation should first be enhanced. Conclusions - According to the results, a company's internal marketing factors have a positive and significant effect on technology innovation and, further, product and process innovation have a positive and significant effect on the perceived serviced quality.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.540-562
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• 2014

Although the impact of technological partner selection on the success of technological alliance is critical, little attention has been paid to the area of technological alliance partner selection criteria and the relationship between partner selection criteria and success factors of alliance. This study bridges this gap by understanding previous studies of general alliance partner selection criteria such as marketing, international, logistics and production alliances. I drew technological alliance partner selection criteria using AHP method with 12 experts who are currently in charge of technological alliance activities at Korean Venture Companies. This study found 4 criteria such as 'task-related', 'partner-related', 'learning-related', 'risk-related' criteria with 14 items and the relative importance of technological alliance partner selection showed as follows: 'risk-related', 'learning-related', 'partner-related', 'task-related' criteria. In order to test the relationship between technological partner selection criteria and performance, I used 215 survey data of Korean Venture Companies. The results showed that 'partner-related' and 'task-related' criteria had strong positive impacts on the success of technological alliance. Further, I put 4 moderating variables into the study model in order to see their moderating effects. However, no moderating variable showed significant effects. In conclusion section, I discussed the findings and implications of this study and directions for future studies.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

This study investigated the analysis of examples that gifted students' realizing the learning objectives through teaching method of the teacher's questions and advice. 6 gifted students were selected to be examined with 'magic square' in class. The teacher emphasized the learning objectives without directly proposing. Whereas, the teacher proposed the learning objectives by questioning and giving advice to students. After the class, the 6 gifted students were surveyed to answer about realizing the learning objectives of mathematics (about contents, process, and attitude in mathematics learning objectives). Mathematical gifted students thought about the process that consists of deductive thinking, analogic thinking, extensive thinking, creative thinking, and critical thinking. But, they underestimated the deductive thinking. So the teacher should develop the questions and advice to teach the mathematical gifted students according to the level of them. The high level of mathematical gifted students were able to realize the value and the importance of the mathematical attitude, while the low level of mathematical gifted students were able to realize them little. For this reason, the teacher should apprehend the level of the students, and propose materials and contents of the learning. The teacher should also make the gifted students realize value, will, and personality of mathematics by questions and advice. Lastly, like it is needed in general classes, there should be a constant researches and improvements about questions of the teacher that are appropriate to each student's learning abilities and cognition ability.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2015

There is a progressive development in the medical imaging technology, especially of descriptive capability for anatomical structure of human body thanks to advancement of information technology and medical devices. But however maintenance of correct posture is essential for the medical imaging checkup on the shoulder joint requiring rotation of the upper limb due to the complexity of human body. In the cases of MRI examination, long duration and fixed posture are critical, as failure to comply with them leads to minimal possibility of reproducibility only with the efforts of the examiner and will of the patient. Thus, this study aimed to develop an auxiliary device that enables rotation of the upper limb as well as fixing it at quantitative angles for medical imaging examination capable of providing diagnostic values. An auxiliary device has been developed based on the results of precedent studies, by designing a 3D model with the CATIA software, an engineering application, and producing it with the 3D printer. The printer is Objet350 Connex from Stratasys, and acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene(ABS) is used as the material of the device. Dimensions are $120{\times}150{\times}190mm$, with the inner diameter of the handle being 125.9 mm. The auxiliary device has 4 components including the body (outside), handle (inside), fixture terminal and the connection part. The body and handle have the gap of 2.1 mm for smooth rotation, while the 360 degree of scales have been etched on the handle so that the angle required for observation may be recorded per patient for traceability and dual examination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.478-478
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• 2012

Recently, there are many researches in order to increase the deposition rate (D/R) and improve film uniformity and quality in the deposition of microcrystalline silicon thin film. These two factors are the most important issues in the fabrication of the thin film solar cell, and for the purpose of that, several process conditions, including the large area electrode (more than 1.1 X 1.3 (m2)), higher pressure (1 ~ 10 (Torr)), and very high frequency regime (VHF, 40 ~ 100 (MHz)), have been needed. But, in the case of large-area capacitively coupled discharges (CCP) driven at frequencies higher than the usual RF (13.56 (MHz)) frequency, the standing wave and skin effects should be the critical problems for obtaining the good plasma uniformity, and the ion damage on the thin film layer due to the high voltage between the substrate and the bulk plasma might cause the defects which degrade the film quality. In this study, we will propose the new concept of the large-area multi-electrode (a new multi-electrode concept for the large-area plasma source), which consists of a series of electrodes and grounds arranged by turns. The experimental results with this new electrode showed the processing performances of high D/R (1 ~ 2 (nm/sec)), controllable crystallinity (~70% and controllable), and good uniformity (less than 10%) at the conditions of the relatively high frequency of 40 MHz in the large-area electrode of 280 X 540 mm2. And, we also observed the SEM images of the deposited thin film at the conditions of peeling, normal microcrystalline, and powder formation, and discussed the mechanisms of the crystal formation and voids generation in the film in order to try the enhancement of the film quality compared to the cases of normal VHF capacitive discharges. Also, we will discuss the relation between the processing parameters (including gap length between electrode and substrate, operating pressure) and the processing results (D/R and crystallinity) with the process condition map for ${\mu}c$-Si:H formation at a fixed input power and gas flow rate. Finally, we will discuss the potential of the multi-electrode of the 3.5G-class large-area plasma processing (650 X 550 (mm2) to the possibility of the expansion of the new electrode concept to 8G class large-area plasma processing and the additional issues in order to improve the process efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2003

Rice, which occupies about 60% of the farmland in Korea, is a staple crop in Asia. It not only absorbs $CO_2$ from the atmosphere, but also emits carbon in a form of CH$_4$. It has a potential role in the global budget of greenhouse gases because of its relative contributions of carbon absorption and emission associated with changing hydrologic cycle. To better understand its current and future role, seasonal variations of energy and $CO_2$ exchange in this critical ecosystem need to be quantified. The purpose of this study was to measure, document and understand the exchange of energy and $CO_2$ in a typical rice paddy in Korea throughout the whole growing season. Since late April of 2002, we have conducted measurements of energy and $CO_2$ exchange in a rural rice paddy at Hari site, one of the Korea regional network of tower flux measurement (KoFlux). After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed in the context of micrometeorology and biophysics. $CO_2$ and energy exchanges varied significantly with land cover changes (e.g., plant growth stages), in addition to changes in weather and climate conditions. This study, reporting first direct measurement of energy and $CO_2$ exchange over a rice paddy in Korea, would serve as a useful database as one of the reference sites in AsiaFlux and FLUXNET.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-147
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• 2012

Collaborative filtering (CF), one of the most successful recommendation techniques, has been used in a number of different applications such as recommending web pages, movies, music, articles and products. One of the critical issues in CF is why recommendation performances are different depending on application domains. However, prior literatures have focused on only data characteristics to explain the origin of the difference. Scant attentions have been paid to provide systematic explanation on the issue. To fill this research gap, this study attempts to systematically explain why recommendation performances are different using structural indexes of social network. For this purpose, we developed hypotheses regarding the relationships between structural indexes of social network and recommendation performance of collaboration filtering, and empirically tested them. Results of this study showed that density and inconclusiveness positively affected recommendation performance while clustering coefficient negatively affected it. This study can be used as stepping stone for understanding collaborative filtering recommendation performance. Furthermore, it might be helpful for managers to decide whether they adopt recommendation systems.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2009

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for power device applications due to its wide band gap (3.26 eV for 4H-SiC), high critical electric field and excellent thermal conductivity. The Schottky barrier diode is the representative high-power device that is currently available commercially. A field plate edge-terminated 4H-SiC was fabricated using a lift-off process for opening the Schottky contacts. In this case, Ni/Ti dual-metal contacts were unintentionally formed at the edge of the Schottky contacts and resulted in the degradation of the electrical properties of the diodes. The breakdown voltage and Schottky barrier height (SBH, ${\Phi}_B$) was 107 V and 0.67 eV, respectively. To form homogeneous single-metal Ni/4H-SiC Schottky contacts, a deposition and etching method was employed, and the electrical properties of the diodes were improved. The modified SBDs showed enhanced electrical properties, as witnessed by a breakdown voltage of 635 V, a Schottky barrier height of ${\Phi}_B$=1.48 eV, an ideality factor of n=1.04 (close to one), a forward voltage drop of $V_F$=1.6 V, a specific on resistance of $R_{on}=2.1m{\Omega}-cm^2$ and a power loss of $P_L=79.6Wcm^{-2}$.