• Title/Summary/Keyword: Critical History

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A Study on the Regionality of Korean Catholic Church Architecture with the Perspective of The Critical Regionalism - Focused on Korean Modern Catholic Churches constructed between the 19th century and 1980's - (비평적 지역주의(The Critical Regionalism)로 본 한국 성당건축의 지역성 표현 - 개화기에서 1980년대까지의 성당건축을 중심으로 -)

  • Kweon, Tae-Ill
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.27-46
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    • 2012
  • The core idea of the critical regionalism could be summarized as a self-conscious synthesis between universal civilization and world culture. After World War II, it has been applied to architecture for overcoming the problem of Industrial Capitalism and uniformity of 20th century Modern Architecture. Naturally, religious architecture cannot also be an exception in this cultural trend, thus we can also apply the critical regionalism to the Korean Catholic Church Architecture with the basic premise that the Traditional Western and Modern Style Church Architecture should be regarded as universal civilization, and the Traditional Korean Architecture and endemicity as one of world culture. In the context, this article attempts to analyze the regionality of Korean Modern Catholic Church Architecture constructed between the 19th century and 1980's, and how it has been differently transformed with the view of the critical regionalism. Its analysis will be carried out within three types; transformation of the Traditional Korean Architecture and the influence of Japanese Modern Architecture, representation of the Traditional Korean Architecture, and abstraction of the Traditional Korean Architecture with each advantages and disadvantages.

A Study on the theory, history and criticism of Colin Rowe - A Criticism of his Liberalism and Formalist Approach - (콜린 로우의 건축론 -그의 자유주의와 형식자적 입장-)

  • Kang, Hyuck
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.7-28
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    • 2008
  • Colin Rowe was an important historian, theorist and critic in Modern architecture. His significance in Modern architectural history lies in not only historiography which has changed our view of Modernism but deep theoretical involvement in practice. This study is a critical review and analysis on his formalist approach in Architecture. With a view that his position of formalist has indispensible relationship with liberalism from K. Popper's critical rationalism, this study try to show how his philosophical background has an influence upon his way of seeing architecture, history, form, urbanism, and meaning, etc. And this study also try to explain why the principle of architecture as an autonomous discipline which is the main point of view in Rowe's criticism has been so successful and influential. This study also explain what is the possibility and limitation of Rowe's formalist approach and way of reading buildings. His intelligent way of formal analysis can give us new understandings of how the form generates and the process of design goes on. Furthermore it guide us a new horizon of architecture as a language game. Since his early writings showed both side of formalist approach in architecture and it didn't changed a lot. We can understand his 'Collage City' was a his final answer to his formalist way of making architecture and urbanism. we can estemate it as a utopia without utopianism and an ideology without ideological color.

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Clinical Characteristics of Smoking Asthmatics

  • Ha, Eun Sil;Kim, Hye Ok;Lee, Kyoung Ju;Lee, Eun Joo;Hur, Gyu Young;Jung, Ki Hwan;Lee, Sung Yong;Kim, Je Hyeong;Lee, Sang Yeub;Shin, Chol;Shim, Jae Jeong;Kang, Kyung Ho;Yoo, Se Hwa;In, Kwang Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.67 no.6
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    • pp.506-511
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    • 2009
  • Background: The smoking prevalence in asthma patients are similar to those in the general population. Asthma and active cigarette smoking can interact to create more severe symptoms, an accelerated decline in lung function and impaired therapeutic responses. Accordingly, asthmatics with a history of smoking were examined to define the clinical characteristics and lung function of smoking asthmatics. Methods: The medical records of 142 asthmatics with a known smoking history were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to their smoking history - current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers. The clinical characteristics, lung function, and annual declines of the forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) were compared. Results: Fifty-three of the 142 patients (37%) were current smokers, 24 were former smokers (17%) and 65 were non-smokers (45%). The patients with a hospital admission history during the previous year included 16 current smokers (30%), 4 former smokers (17%) and 7 non-smokers (11%) (p=0.02). The mean $FEV_1$ (% predicted) was 76.8${\pm}$19.8%, 71.6${\pm}$21.1% and 87.9${\pm}$18.7% for current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p< 0.001). The $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity (FVC) (ratio, %) values were 63.6${\pm}$12.6%, 59.3${\pm}$14.9% and 72.1${\pm}$11.8% in current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding mean values for the individual $FEV_1$ slopes were not significant (p=0.33). Conclusion: Asthmatic smokers demonstrated higher hospital admission rates and lower lung function. These findings suggest that the smoking history is an important predictor of a poor clinical outcome in asthma patients.

Evaluation of Critical Current Density of FeAs-based Superconductors

  • Otabe, Edmund S.;Kiuchi, Masaru;Matsushita, Teruo;Ni, Baorong;Qi, Yanpeng;Wang, Lei;Gao, Zhaoshun;Wang, Dongliang;Zhang, Xianping;Ma, Yanwei;Nakajima, Yasuyuki;Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2012
  • In this review paper, we report the characteristics of the critical current density in FeAs based superconductors which is newly discovered by Hosono group of Tokyo Institute of Technology on 2008. Since the many specimens in present stage are not single crystals, there are two kinds of critical current density observed in the specimens which are so-called local and global critical current densities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate both kinds of critical current densities. The history effect in which the global critical current density shows different values in increasing and decreasing magnetic field is also observed when the specimens have the local and the global critical current densities. The wire which critical current is 180 A is successfully developed with using the knowledge of abovementioned characteristics of two kinds of critical current densities and the history effect.

A Case of Mycobacterium szulgai Lung Disease in Patient with Healed Tuberculosis (완치된 결핵환자에서 발생한 Mycobacterium szulgai 폐질환 1예)

  • Lee, Eun-Jung;Park, Ji-Young;Kim, Eun-Young;Choi, Jae-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Chung, Sang-Wan;Yoo, Jee-Hong;Choi, Cheon-Woong;Kim, Gou-Young;Lee, Jong-Hoo;Kim, Yee-Hyung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.72 no.1
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    • pp.55-58
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    • 2012
  • Mycobacterium szulgai is a rare nontuberculous mycobacterium found in Korea. It is an opportunistic pathogen and is usually isolated from patients with a history of alcoholism, chronic pulmonary disease, or an immunocompromising condition. We present here a case of M. szulgai isolated from a patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A 54-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea and febrile sensation. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis which occurred 30 years earlier and treatment with anti-tuberculosis medication. His chest computed tomography scan showed cavitary consolidation in both upper lungs. A sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear was positive and anti-tuberculous medication was started. However, a polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative and anti-tuberculous medication was stopped. M. szulgai was isolated on 3 separate sputum and bronchial wash fluid AFB cultures. He was treated with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. After 1 month, a sputum AFB smear and culture became negative and no additional M. szulgai were isolated during a 16-month treatment.

Perspectives on a Critical Period for Language Acquisition: Implications for language research and practice

  • Lim, Ja-Yeon
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.7
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    • pp.335-353
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    • 2005
  • In recent years there has been much discussion about whether there is a critical, or sensitive period for language acquisition. Research on a critical period provides an excellent example around which we can organize a discussion of the behavioral and neural evidence. In this paper, the early history of critical periods and evidence for the existence of critical periods in various domains of human cognition and learning are reviewed. Followed by this overview, evidence for a critical period in both linguistic and non linguistic area are presented. The paper then provides some unresolved questions regarding a critical period in language acquisition and states what the outcome of this issues mean for an understanding of language acquisition. Finally the paper concludes with some educational implications of a critical period for practice.

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Post-Medium and Postproduction: Contemporaneity of Contemporary Art (포스트-미디엄과 포스트프로덕션 : 포스트모더니즘 이후 현대미술의 '동시대성(contemporaneity)')

  • Chung, Yeon Shim
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.14
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    • pp.187-215
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    • 2012
  • In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

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Influence of Environmental Exposures on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea

  • Hong, Yoonki;Lim, Myoung Nam;Kim, Woo Jin;Rhee, Chin Kook;Yoo, Kwang Ha;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Yoon, Ho Il;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Lee, Jin Hwa;Lim, Seong Yong;Lee, Sang Do;Oh, Yeon-Mok
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.76 no.5
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    • pp.226-232
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    • 2014
  • Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and results from environmental factors and genetic factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, other environmental exposures can influence COPD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of COPD according to the history of environmental exposure. Methods: The study population comprised of 347 subjects with COPD who were recruited from the pulmonary clinics of 14 hospitals within the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Study Group. We classified environmental exposures according to history of living near factory, and direct exposure history to firewood or briquette. According to living environmental exposures, we compared the frequency of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exercise capacity, and computed tomography phenotypes. Results: Thirty-one subjects (8.9%) had history of living near factory, 271 (78.3%) had exposure history to briquette, and 184 (53.3%) had exposure history to firewood. Patients with history of living near a factory had a significantly longer duration of sputum, while patients with exposure to firewood tended to have lower forced expiratory volume in one second, and patients with exposure to briquette tended to have lower six minute walk distance. Conclusion: COPD subjects with the history of living near factory had more frequent respiratory symptoms such as sputum. Our data suggest that environmental exposure may influence clinical phenotype of COPD.

A Historiography on Design History Studies in Korea -Critical Review on Canonical Design History Books in Korea- (디자인사 연구의 역사 -대표적인 디자인 역사 저술을 중심으로-)

  • Chae, Sung-Zin;Shin, Hyun-Bong
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.365-374
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    • 2004
  • Design history has been thought a secondary studies for design practice. Design historians have been accused of being unimaginative and unadventurous in sticking to dominant types of design such as products, furnitures and graphics. But Design history is still young subject which could be exploited in wide range and topics, and it should be thought a lot of researches could be done. Under this consciousness and circumstance, this study reviews the situation and perspective of design history studies in Korea by critical search on canonical books in the area such as Pevsner's, Banham's, Hesket's, Sparke's, and Chung's those translated into Koreans and Korean originals.

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