• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1590-1596
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• 2003

The experiments of boiling heat transfer were performed to investigate the boiling enhancement in saturated water by using multi-stage electroplated surface. In order to optimize the boiling performance, current flux and duration in multi-stage electroplating were varied. Current flux, 2 $A/12cm^2$ and 0.33 $A/cm^2$, and duration ranging from 15 second to 50 second are considered. The results showed that multi-stage electro plated surfaces generate enhancement of boiling parameters such as boiling incipient superheat, boiling heat transfer coefficient, and critical heat flux compared to plain surface. The SEM images of the coated surfaces were captured to examine the structure of porous surface, which provides the enhancement of boiling heat transfer.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

Natural convection in a horizontal annulus with the inner cylinder heated by the application of a constant heat flux and the isothermally cooled outer cylinder is considered, and the transition of flows and the bifurcation phenomenon are numerically investigated for air with Pr=0.7. The zero initial condition always induces a crescent-sheped eddy flow. A bicellular flow in which the fluid descends along the vertical central plane of the annulus can be obtained at high Rayleigh number by introducing artificial numerical disturbances. Dual solutions are found above a certain critical Rayleigh number. Hysteresis phenomena have not been observed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.234-237
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• 2008

분류층 가스화기에서 가스화기 운전 온도는 슬래그의 원활한 배출과 가스화기 성능 등에 영향을 미친다. 가스화기 운전온도는 또한, 석탄 및 산소 소비량에도 영향을 미쳐 궁극적으로는 가스화 플랜트의 주요 설비 용량을 결정하는 주요 요인중의 하나이다. 가스화기 운전 온도가 일정수준 이상으로 증가할 경우 냉가스 효율이 저하되고 가스화 성능에 약 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 Coal 및 Flux 공급장치, 슬래그 배출장치 당의 구성을 설명하고 Flux 투입량에 따른 슬래그 Tcv, 가스화기 성능 등을 예측하였다. 또한, 300MW IGCC 실증 가스화플랜트 엔지니어링을 위한 예비단계로 석회석 투입에 따른 Flux 공급장치를 포함한 Feeding 설비 용량, 슬래그처리설비 용량, 가스화기 내부 및 출구 적정온도를 예측하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.755-762
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• 2000

Natural convection of air in a horizontal annulus with the inner cylinder cooled by the application of a constant heat flux and the isothermally heated outer cylinder is considered. The bifurcation phenomenon of flow patterns and the heat transfer characteristics are numerically investigated. The zero initial condition induces a unicellular flow in a half annulus. A bicellular flow consisting of two counter-rotating eddies in a half annulus can be obtained above a certain critical Rayleigh number. A transition from the bicellular to the unicellular flow occurs with a decrease in Rayleigh number. Hysteresis phenomena have not been observed. In the regime of dual flows, the overall Nusselt number of the bicellular flow is greater than that of the unicellular flow.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2000

We have developed a near real-time flare alerting system which (1) downloads the latest GOES-l0 1-8 ${\AA}$ X-ray flux 1-min data by an automated ftp program and shell scripts, (2) produces a beep sound in a simple IDL widget program when the flux is larger than a critical value, and (3) makes it possible to do a wireless alerting by a set of portable transceivers. Thanks to the system, we have made successful Ha flare observations by the Solar Flare Telescope in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory. This system is expected to be helpful for ground-based flare observers.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.5C no.6
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• pp.251-256
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• 2005

Directionally melt-textured high $T_c\;(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_y$ [(YNS)-123] superconductor was systematically investigated by the zone melt growth process in air. A sample prepared by this method showed well-textured microstructure, and $(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})_{2}BaCuO_5$[(YNS)211] inclusions were uniformly dispersed in large $(Y_{0.5}Nd_{0.25}Sm_{0.25})Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_y$ [(YNS)123] matrix. High irreversibility field and magnetization hysteresis loop of the zone melt-textured (YNS)-123 sample exhibited the enhanced flux pinning, compared with $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_y$ (Y-123) sample without RE(rare earth). Critical current density of (YNS)-123 sample was $2.5{\times}10^4\;A/cm^2$ at 2 T and 77 K.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 2013

Permanent magnet flux switching motor (PMFSM) is a novel double salient machine which employs PMs instead of field winding for excitation. PMFSM contains only one set of armature winding, thereby features simple control strategy, low cost power inverter and substantial high efficiency. Due to the unique double salient structure and operation principle, the generated cogging torque in PMFSM is critical and quite different compared to the traditional PM machines. This paper presents and investigates various design techniques for reducing cogging torque in PMFSM. Firstly, an analytical model is proposed to study the influence of different methods on cogging torque. Then the optimal design parameters for minimizing cogging torque are determined by the analytical model, which significantly reduces the computational efforts. At last, the cogging torque with different design approaches are simulated by FEA along with the average output electromagnetic torque, which validates the analysis above.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

In the detail reaction-rate measurements in a critical assembly using the foil activation method, the measured activations of detector foils have inevitably errors caused by detector foil self-shielding effect. If neutron flux could be approximated to Westcott flux: i.e. well thermalized Maxwellian distribution, these activations of detector foil could be corrected to represent the unperturbated flux at any detected position in the cell with using Westcott option and reaction-rate option of the lattice code, WIMS-AECL. These calculated detector material self-shielding correction factors of the tested fuel, CANFLEX provided much information about neutron spectrum of test lattice cell as well as the correction factors themselves. The results could be verified by another lattice calculations.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

The current profiles in a coated conductor with transport current were calculated using an iterative inversion method from the data of the magnetic flux density profiles measured. The applied current was increased from 0 to 60 A by 10A step and decreased down to -60A by 20A step. The magnetic flux profiles were measured at a distance of 400 mm above the surface of the coated conductor using a scanning hall probe method. The current profiles calculated were very different from the Bean model: current density profile is not a constant in the critical region. However the aspect of the change of the current and magnetic flux density profiles in the case of decreasing applied current are similar to the theoretical calculations in Brandt's paper.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1756-1766
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• 2003

Numerical modeling is carried out to investigate forced convective heat transfer to near-critical water in developing laminar flow through a circular tube. Due to large variations of thermo-physical properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near thermodynamic critical point, heat transfer characteristics show quite different behavior compared with pure forced convection. With flow acceleration along the tube unusual behavior of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor occurs when the fluid enthalpy passes through pseudocritical point of pressure in the tube. There is also a transition behavior from liquid-like phase to gas-like phase in the developing region. Numerical results with constant heat flux boundary conditions are obtained for reduced pressures from 1.09 to 1.99. Graphical results for velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficient with Stanton number are presented and analyzed.