• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.261-264
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• 1998

Controlled transfer (CT) capability, a new ATM transfer capability (ATC) for high-speed data applications which using credit-based flow control, has recently been proposed and studied in ITU-T. In this paper, we review the existing dyanmic buffer allocation schemes and propose an improved scheme. Also, we compare the performances of the existing buffer allocation methods such as static allocation, flow controlled virtual channels (FCVC), and zero queueing flow control (ZQFC) with the proposed method through simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme exhibits a better performance than the existing schemes in terms of throughput, fairness, queue length and link utilization.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.59-87
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• 2001

In recent years electronic fund transfers covered by the Electronic Fund Transfer Act 1978 for consumer protection and the Article 4A of Uniform Commercial Code(U.C.C.) 1989 for wholesale electronic payments in United States. Electronic fund transfers carried out by use of a wire transfer network, automated clearing house, or other communication system of a clearing house or other association of banks such as direct deposit, Fedwire, automated teller machine, point-of-sale, and credit card transactions have been increasingly common in consumer transactions and wholesale transactions. Especially, the Article 4A of U.C.C. governs the rights and obligations associated with transactions such as an issue and acceptance of payment order, execution of sender's payment order by receiving bank, and payment. These legal frameworks in connection with electronic fund transfers in United States can play a leading role in establishing model not only within the United States, but also as a basis for developments of electronic commerce law in Korea including other countries.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2018

본 연구는 신용보증기금이 지원하는 스타트업 기업들을 중심으로 정책자금 활용성 증대를 통한 경쟁력 강화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그래서 현재 신용보증기금은 스타트업들의 정책자금 활용성을 높이고 지원받는 스타트업들이 중장기적 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 '사용자 중심의 정책자금 지원 모형'을 개발해야 한다. 국내 스타트업 기업들의 경쟁력 강화는 '사용자 중심의 정책자금 지원 모형'으로 개방형 혁신인 'Living Lab'을 통해서 새로운 혁신이 나타났다. 그렇지만 실제 사업화 단계까지 도달하지 못한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서 제시한 '사용자 중심의 정책자금 지원 모형'은 국내 스타트업 들이 실제 정책자금을 지원받는 주체가 되도록 하고, 또한 필요한 자금을 언제든 자유롭게 사용자 중심으로 자금지원 신청할 수 있도록 했다. 그래서 신용보증기금은 고객맞춤형으로 지원하게 되는 지원모델로서 '사용자 중심의 정책자금 지원 모형'을 제시하는데 의의를 가지고 있다. 그러나 중소기업들의 실제적인 상황 인식과 애로사항들을 모두 수용에 한계가 있기에 사용자 중심의 정책자금 지원 모형의 과학적 접근을 위하여 신용보증기금과 관련 지원기관 등이 스타트업의 정책자금 실태에 대한 체계적 분석이 필요하다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.445-455
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• 2014

목적: 학점은행제 학사학위과정 안경광학전공 학습자를 대상으로 학습자 특성을 조사하여 안경사 계속교육으로서의 학점은행제 운영과 개선의 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 방법: 학점은행제에 학습자로 등록한 전문학사 98명을 대상으로 학습자 특성에 관한 설문조사를 하고 통계분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 학점은행제 선택 목적은 학사취득(51.0%)이 많았고, 정보경로는 학교 또는 직장선배(33.7%), 학점은행제 교육기관은 모교(31.6%)가 가장 많았다. 학점은행제 학습자에 대한 가족협조(72.4%)가 직장협조(46.9%)나 사회적 협조(39.8%)보다 높았다. 학점은행제 학사학위과정에 소요된 기간은 2학기(55.6%)가 가장 많았고 대학원 진학은 38.9%, 4년제 대학편입은 5.6%이다. 연령에 따라 학점은행제 정보경로(p<.05)와 교육기관 선택기준(p<.05), 직장협조(p<.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 현재 근무처에 따라 학점은행제 선택 목적(p<.01)과 평균 등교일수(p<.05), 직장협조(p<.01), 어려운 점(p<.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 출신 전문대학 학제에 따라 교육기관 선택기준(p<.01)과 가족협조(p<.05)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 전문대학 졸업 후 학점은행제를 시작한 시기에 따라 정보경로(p<.05)와 교육기관 선택기준(p<.01), 직장협조(p<.05)에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 안경사들의 계속교육에 관한 관심과 연구가 필요하며 학습자의 특성을 고려한 학점은행제의 운영과 지원이 필요하다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권37호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1996

The writer has made efforts to solve the weaknesses of the traditional systems through reconstructing cost information systems by introducing 'logical circuit concept' instead of account. As the new designed systems also allow the basic thought of double entry, they are compatiable with the traditional ones. For this, the writer included both monetary and physical information in the systems, replaced the concept of debit & credit with the concept of inputs & outputs, and changed transfer concept between accounts based on reverse logic into flow concept between unit systems based on proceeding logic.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

Risk financing is defined as the methods applied to fund risk treatment and the financial consequences of risk. It is a major component of the transfer of risk and the retention of risk which are, in turn, parts of the risk treatment process. This study applied the general guidelines on risk financing to product liability risk. Product liability risk occurs when potential defects in the process of design, production, and distribution lead to accidents resulting in fatal, financial, and environmental loss. Risk on product liability may be financed in many different ways, each of which may be used singularly or in combination. The most popular and recommendable way suggested in the guidelines is the retention or use of reserves, transfer, credit or insurance.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.495-520
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• 2012

A secure Electronic Payment System (EPS) is essential for the booming online shopping market. A successful EPS supports the transfer of electronic money and sensitive information with security, accuracy, and integrity between the seller and buyer over the Internet. SET, CyberCash, Paypal, and iKP are the most popular Credit Card-Based EPSs (CCBEPSs). Some CCBEPSs only use SSL to provide a secure communication channel. Hence, they only prevent "Man in the Middle" fraud but do not protect the sensitive cardholder information such as the credit card number from being passed onto the merchant, who may be unscrupulous. Other CCBEPSs use complex mechanisms such as cryptography, certificate authorities, etc. to fulfill the security schemes. However, factors such as ease of use for the cardholder and the implementation costs for each party are frequently overlooked. In this paper, we propose a Web service based new payment system, based on ANSI X9.59-2006 with extra features added on top of this standard. X9.59 is an Account Based Digital Signature (ABDS) and consumer-oriented payment system. It utilizes the existing financial network and financial messages to complete the payment process. However, there are a number of limitations in this standard. This research provides a solution to solve the limitations of X9.59 by adding a merchant authentication feature during the payment cycle without any addenda records to be added in the existing financial messages. We have conducted performance testing on the proposed system via a comparison with SET and X9.59 using simulation to analyze their levels of performance and security.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 현재·시행되고 있는 BPO의 디지털 프로세스와 그 지급에 있어서 제도적 관점에서 기존 제도와 비교·분석하였다. BPO는 기능 면에 있어서 신용장과 유사하지만, 전자적 환경을 기반으로 한 은행 간의 지급약정이기 때문에 그 운용에 있어서는 전통적인 제도와는 많은 차이가 있다. 즉 BPO 거래에서의 책임과 의무, 지급 매카니즘, 거래당사자의 역할, 신용장의 확인과 양도 등에 있어서 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 그러나 BPO는 정보기술을 기반으로 운용되기 때문에 더 효율적이며 비용 효과적이다. 본 연구는 BPO의 선행 연구를 기반으로 이미 발표된 BPO 관련 연구와 자료 등을 중심으로 문헌 연구하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.99-122
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• 2012

According to the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods, the Seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to the them and transfer the property the to the goods as required by the contract, and buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. In particular, the seller provides the documents is important. If the documents are discrepancies in credit, the beneficiary may not receive the payment. So It is important to study on conditions of documents in international trade. Documents provided by the seller shall be determined by express terms. If there is no agreement on the express terms, it shall be determined by the implied terms or governing law terms. In practice Seller shall provide the documents are as follows, For example, transport documents, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, insurance policy, packing list, inspection certificate etc. As stated above if it can not be determined by express terms, it is determined by the implied terms. In international trade, leading to the implied terms is incoterms(R) 2010 and UCP 600. Incoterms(R) 2010 define the seller must provide the goods and the commercial in conformity with the sales contract and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract and UCP 600 are rules that apply to documentary credit. This paper, the practical utility between Incoterms(R) 2010 and UCP 600 is studied.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

L/C(Letter of Credit) is a common payment term designed to prevent credit risk in international trade. However, most companies prefer T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) payment due to its time and cost efficiency. According to related statistics, more than 70% of international trade contracts are based on T/T rather than other payment terms. The time required from the export negotiation to the completion of the export transaction and collection in international trade is very long. In this process, disputes related to settlement are continuous, so caution should be exercised. Therefore, whether or not the export payment is recovered in a timely manner is the core issue of trade transactions for exporters. The purpose of this study is to identify problems that cause delayed payments during settlement by the remittance (T/T) method, which can lead to settlement risk, in order to investigate those factors which can lead to delays in payments and increased risk as well as to determine ways to prevent such factors in advance. According to empirical findings, trading experience, transaction duration, and contract contents can be important determinants in terms of payment delays. Industry uniqueness and market uncertainty were found to be in opposition to the hypothesized relationships. The results of this study will be useful for trading companies to reduce their payment risk.